• Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms of HGT such as transformation, transduction and conjugation, subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928 by Frederick Griffith, was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inter-bacterial gene transfer was first described in Japan in a 1959 publication that demonstrated the transfer of antibiotic resistance between different species of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been suggested that lateral gene transfer to humans from bacteria may play a role in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transformation is often used in laboratories to insert novel genes into bacteria for experiments or for industrial or medical applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bla gene originates from the cloning vector PUC18 and is not expressed in maize, but has bacterial regulatory sequences that would allow it to become functional were it to be transferred back into bacteria. (gmwatch.org)
  • The researchers investigated the survival of DNA from transgenic maize and the transfer of the antibiotic resistance bla gene to bacteria in the presence of saliva, rumen fluid and silage effluent, which are relevant to horizontal gene transfer in the oral cavity, the rumen, and in silage. (gmwatch.org)
  • The nptII gene in transgenic potato plants coding for kanamycin resistance, transforms naturally competent cells of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter BD413 (both harboring a plasmid with an nptII gene containing a small deletion (hence nonfunctional) with the same high efficiency as nptII genes on plasmid DNA ( 3x10-5 -1x10-4) despite the presence of a more than 106 fold excess of plant DNA. (gmwatch.org)
  • Increasingly, studies of genes and genomes are indicating that considerable horizontal gene transfer has occurred between bacteria. (mpkb.org)
  • There is strong genomic evidence that bacteria often acquire evolutionary novelties from outside their ancestral population by horizontal gene transfer. (mpkb.org)
  • They found that the intestinal bacteria genes were more than 90% homologous to the corresponding sequence in HIV - suggesting that the bacteria and the HIV virus had traded a significant amount of genetic material. (mpkb.org)
  • The mobile nature of… gene islands, transported between bacteria via plasmids or phages, creates the potential for acquired virulence in previously innocuous microbes," states researcher Dave Relman of Stanford University. (mpkb.org)
  • One plasmid codes for genes that allow the pathogens to create toxins, the other codes for proteins that help it evade the immune system by living inside the white blood cells that kill and digest bacteria. (mpkb.org)
  • The evolutionary importance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria to their eukaryotic hosts is a topic of considerable interest and debate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conjugation allows bacteria to acquire genes for antibiotic resistance, novel virulence attributes, and alternative metabolic pathways. (miroslavradman.com)
  • 2005) Mechanisms of, and barriers to, horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. (citizendium.org)
  • Mobile group II introns ("targetrons") expressed through an m-toluic acid-inducible promoter from a broad-host-range vector containing an RK2 minireplicon is used for efficient gene targeting in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. (readabstracts.com)
  • This broad-host-range system for targetron expression might facilitate gene targeting in a wide range of bacteria. (readabstracts.com)
  • However, it is likely that several horizontal gene transfers (HGT) also occurred in eukaryotic microorganisms and, even more surprisingly, in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By examining thousands of species of modern bacteria, they were able to find at least 34 examples of horizontal gene transfer in cyanobacteria's history. (universetoday.com)
  • We know E. coli and other bacteria are continually gaining and losing genes. (dw.com)
  • This study provides an evidence that horizontal transmission frequently occurs not only between closely related bacteria, but also between distant taxonomical groups. (vutbr.cz)
  • Lateral phage transfer in obligate intracellular bacteria (wolbachia): verification from natural populations. (mbl.edu)
  • The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes in this manner is becoming a challenge to manage in the field of medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ecological factors may also play a role in the HGT of antibiotic resistant genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8) According to Beaber et al , when Vibrio cholerae is exposed to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, it will actually promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. (mpkb.org)
  • GT allows rapid alterations of the genome resulting in persistent infections as polyclonal S. pneumoniae biofilms share genes to overcome immune response and transfer antibiotic resistance. (uic.edu)
  • In vitro, GT is studied in suspensions of billions of cells and can be used to assay transfer of traits between strains, such as antibiotic resistance and virulence, but does not reproduce the rapid and extensive of transfer observed in vivo. (uic.edu)
  • Tracing horizontal gene flux across strains in farm animals is one of the important steps for research focused on detection and genomic enzymology of genes conferring antibiotic resistance. (vutbr.cz)
  • Hence chickens are known primary reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, and the dissemination of these genes to other bacterial pathogens often leads to life-threatening infections, even within human population. (vutbr.cz)
  • Antibiotic resistance gene distribution in Community and Hospital Isolates of Bacteroides spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Pathogens can persist on hospital surfaces and plumbing for months to years, acquire new antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, and initiate outbreaks of hospital-associated infections by spreading to patients via healthcare workers and visitors. (cdc.gov)
  • Advancements in next-generation sequencing of bacterial genomes and metagenomes have expanded our ability to (1) identify species and track distinct strains, (2) comprehensively profile antibiotic resistance genes, and (3) resolve the mobile elements that facilitate intra- and intercellular gene transfer. (cdc.gov)
  • As Jian, Rivera and Lake (1999) put it: "Increasingly, studies of genes and genomes are indicating that considerable horizontal transfer has occurred between prokaryotes" (see also Lake and Rivera, 2007). (wikipedia.org)
  • Horizontal gene transfer Any process in which a bacterium inserts genetic material into the genomes of other pathogens or into the genome of its host. (mpkb.org)
  • We have discovered a case of HGT, involving two adjacent genes, between the genomes of Wolbachia and the currently Wolbachia -uninfected mosquito Aedes aegypti , an important human disease vector. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The blast clade genomes contain more secretome and avirulence effector genes, which likely play key roles in the interaction between Pyricularia species and their plant hosts. (nature.com)
  • Earlier in my career, I participated in a study (published in the journal Science), in which we found that the pathogenic bacterium Wolbachia had transferred large portions of its DNA into the genomes of both worms and insects. (piltdownsuperman.com)
  • Comparisons of these four genomes indicated that horizontal gene transfer events that included small numbers of genes occurred at frequencies in the range of 10-3 to 10-4 insertions per generation. (pacb.com)
  • In contrast, diversity in the broader gene content of Mesorhizobium genomes follows a tight linear relationship with core genome phylogenetic distance, with little detectable effect of geography. (cgiar.org)
  • In this study, we analyzed all genes from sequenced plastid genomes to unearth any neglected cases of HGT and to obtain a measure of the overall extent of HGT to the plastid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tenebrio molitor as a model system to study Staphylococcus spp virulence and horizontal gene transfer. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to establish the larvae of the coleoptera Tenebrio molitor ( mealworm ) as an in vivo model for evaluating virulence and horizontal gene transfer between Staphylococcus spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study demonstrates the potential of T. molitor larvae as a reliable and cost -effective model for analyzing the virulence of Staphylococcus and, for the first time , an optimal environment for the plasmid transfer between S. aureus carrying antimicrobial resistance genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Virulence genes identification and characterization revealed the presence of the Yersinia High Pathogenicity Island (HPI) in Salmonella from Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • The transfer of DNA among pathogens means that once harmless microbes can acquire properties that allow them to cause problems for the host. (mpkb.org)
  • Also it should be noted that other types of pathogens such as viruses can and do engage in horizontal gene transfer. (mpkb.org)
  • Grafting of one plant to another can transfer chloroplasts (organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis), mitochondrial DNA, and the entire cell nucleus containing the genome to potentially make a new species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent transfers of genome fragments from Wolbachia into insect chromosomes have been reported, but it has been argued that these fragments may be on an evolutionary trajectory to degradation and loss. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gogarten JP Townsend JP (2005) Horizontal gene transfer, genome innovation and evolution. (citizendium.org)
  • 2005) The Cobweb of Life revealed by genome-scale estimates of horizontal gene transfer. (citizendium.org)
  • Genome Comparisons of Wild Isolates of Caulobacter crescentus Reveal Rates of Inversion and Horizontal Gene Transfer. (pacb.com)
  • Most, if not all of these transfers seem to be the result of a gene being transferred from the mitochondrial genome of one species to that of another. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we have built the comprehensive computational methodology for the detection of horizontal genes transfer elements via pan-genome analysis. (vutbr.cz)
  • The shared genes from all isolates, so called core genome genes were identified and characterised in order to assign the function to the gene within individual bacterial cell and within community of cells. (vutbr.cz)
  • Moreover, it has acquired genes through horizontal transfer from other strains that make it even more virulent than others. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Remarkably, none of the strains became established at detectable levels in the endophytic community, but there was horizontal gene transfer of pTOM-Bu61 to different members of the endogenous endophytic community, both in the presence and in the absence of toluene. (rti.org)
  • Our analysis explains how observed gradients of host specialism and generalism can evolve in a multihost system through the transfer of ecologically important loci among coexisting strains. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate T. molitor's suitability as an in vivo model for plasmid transfer studies, we used S. aureus strains as donor and recipient of a plasmid containing the gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2â ³). (bvsalud.org)
  • These alternate genomic states define two distinct groups within B. pseudomallei: all strains contained either the BTFC gene cluster (group BTFC) or the YLF gene cluster (group YLF). (edu.au)
  • Anonymous Reviewer ( 2017 ) Peer Review #1 of 'HgtSIM: a simulator for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in microbial communities (v0.2)' . (peerj.com)
  • Examining horizontal gene transfer in microbial communities. (cdc.gov)
  • The TWiVome reveal the first eukaryotic genes found in a bacteriophage of Wolbachia, and how DNA tumor virus oncogenes antagonize sensing of cytoplasmic DNA by the cell. (virology.ws)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • The association of these genes with Wolbachia prophage regions also provides a mechanism for the transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and furthermore that we would expect to see Wolbachia -like genes in species that do not currently harbour Wolbachia but presumably did in the past. (biomedcentral.com)
  • gene AAEL004188 shows partial similarity to w Pip WP1349 and to w Mel WD0514 and is inverted compared to the Wolbachia genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Wolbachia bacterium is able to do this extraordinary feat by targeting the cells of reproductive organs so that the transferred DNA is literally inherited in the host. (piltdownsuperman.com)
  • A list of key readings about Horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes . (citizendium.org)
  • Insect-resistant maize line CG00526-176 contains three bacterial genes: the cry1A(b) specific to lepidopterans, the bar gene conferring tolerance to glufosinate, and a bla gene encoding TEM-1 b-lactamase (ampicillin resistance). (gmwatch.org)
  • Moreover, the transferred gene has physically replaced the native rpl36 gene, yet flanking genes and intergenic regions show no sign of HGT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our goal is to test the effects of interspecific mixing on the spread of horizontally transferred genes. (mca-johnson.com)
  • Some fungi have horizontally transferred neuroactive metabolite pathways between species. (arcadiascience.com)
  • In that comparison, K96243 was shown to possess a horizontally acquired rersinia-like fimbrial (YLF) gene cluster. (edu.au)
  • The Giardia lamblia vsp gene repertoire: characteristics, genomic organization, and evolution. (mbl.edu)
  • Horizontal gene transfer is understood to happen mostly in sewage reservoirs, and in the guts of warm-blooded animals. (dw.com)
  • Can members of the microflora serve as reservoirs of resistance genes? (cdc.gov)
  • The team from Madurai Kamaraj University in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, working with colleagues at Genotypic Technology Pvt Ltd in Karnataka, have used the tools of computational molecular biology to identify 38 such horizontal gene transfer elements, prophage elements. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We found that while Ebp are only expressed on a subset of cells, when Ebp and AS are expressed on the same cells, pili interfere with AS-mediated clumping and impede AS-mediated conjugative plasmid transfer during planktonic growth. (nih.gov)
  • This occurs when genes jump from one species to another, after being eaten, for example (as opposed to vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to child). (universetoday.com)
  • With this method, its possible to date certain species, because the species which received the gene is always younger than the species that it originated in. (universetoday.com)
  • [7] Except for two coastal cave dwelling species in the asexual class Cyanidiophyceae , there are no terrestrial species, which may be due to an evolutionary bottleneck in which the last common ancestor lost about 25% of its core genes and much of its evolutionary plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, due to increasing evidence suggesting the importance of the phenomenon in organisms that cause disease, molecular biologists such as Peter Gogarten at the University of Connecticut have described horizontal gene transfer as "a new paradigm for biology. (mpkb.org)
  • Tuğba Nur Atalay visited the lab for summer 2021 as an Erasmus+ student and worked expressing quinone biosynthesis genes in yeast. (lu.se)
  • We used a horizontal gene transfer detection pipeline to screen for novel fungal genes tied to neuroactivity. (arcadiascience.com)
  • Strategy for in situ detection of natural transformation-based horizontal gene transfer events. (readabstracts.com)
  • In common with multilocus enzyme organism's wide distribution, high levels of genetic and anti- electrophoresis, MLST indexes variation in housekeeping genic diversity, and a lack of representative population sam- genes, which evolve slowly as they are under stabilizing selec- ples (9). (cdc.gov)
  • Horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a pervasive evolutionary process that distributes genes between divergent prokaryotic lineages and can also involve eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • To explain this glaring problem, evolutionists have resorted to the myth of pervasive horizontal gene transfer . (piltdownsuperman.com)
  • Pili interfere with aggregation substance-mediated clumping and plasmid transfer under planktonic conditions, whereas the two adhesins structurally complement one another during biofilm development. (nih.gov)
  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the mid-1980s, Syvanen postulated that biologically significant lateral gene transfer has existed since the beginning of life on Earth and has been involved in shaping all of evolutionary history. (wikipedia.org)
  • The latter process is known as horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer (HGT). (growingpassion.org)
  • Over the course of plant evolution since the original endosymbiotic events, interactions have occurred between genes in the chloroplasts, nucleii and mitochondria. (growingpassion.org)
  • Des isolats suspects de Staphylococcus ont d'abord été identifiés par l'analyse biochimique classique, puis les souches confirmées par amplification en chaîne par polymérase (29 isolats de S. aureus et 17 isolats de S. saprophyticus) ont été analysées pour déterminer leur sensibilité aux différents antimicrobiens. (who.int)
  • E. coli strain DH5a was the test micro-organism for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)
  • Here we develop a stochastic evolutionary model and show how genetic transfer of host segregating alleles, distributed as predicted for niche specifying genes, and the opportunity for host transition could interact to promote the emergence of host generalist lineages of the zoonotic bacterium Campylobacter. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, many genes underwent positive selection in this order and the majority of these sequences are clade-specific. (nature.com)
  • 2005) observe, "additional evidence suggests that gene transfer might also be an important evolutionary mechanism in protist evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • The evidence for horizontal gene transfer is accumulating. (gmwatch.org)
  • Little evidence of inter-phylum horizontal gene transfer (HGT) was detected in Magnaporthales. (nature.com)
  • The plastid acquisition of a bacterial rpl36 gene via HGT provides the first strong evidence for a sister-group relationship between haptophyte and cryptophyte plastids to the exclusion of heterokont and alveolate plastids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The evidence found thus far for HGT to the plastid proceeded from studies of a particular gene or intron. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While vertical gene transfer is when a parent passes a gene to a child, horizontal gene transfer is when genetic material from one organism passes into another organism, without any offspring relationship. (dw.com)
  • There are several mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer: Transformation, the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introduction, uptake and expression of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • These results show that horizontal gene transfer between vascular plants is not rare, that it can affect large amounts of genetic material, and that it need not have a selective advantage for the host. (cas.cz)
  • This suggests that gene replacement somehow occurred by recombination at the very ends of rpl36 , without the level and length of similarity normally expected to support recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate enhanced transcription of the gene VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) with decreasing oxygen levels in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (uic.edu)
  • Our search relied primarily on phylogenetic analyses, but also involved scrutiny of each potential case (including generation of new gene sequences from phylogenetically relevant taxa) to rule out artifacts and various types of homoplasy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spencer-Smith, Russell , Roberts, Sabrina , Gurung, Neesha and Snyder, Lori A. S. (2016) DNA uptake sequences in 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae' as intrinsic transcriptional terminators and markers of horizontal gene transfer. (kingston.ac.uk)
  • One issue is the fact that different creatures have unique sets of genes specific to their kind with no apparent evolutionary history. (piltdownsuperman.com)
  • It also highlights the importance of HGT in the evolutionary history of CHS and describes bacterial chs genes for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that the F pilus mediates DNA transfer at considerable cell-to-cell distances. (miroslavradman.com)
  • This is actually one of the few clearly documented cases of horizontal gene transfer showing that a specific type of parasite-host relationship is the mechanism for the foreign DNA importation to occur and be heritable. (piltdownsuperman.com)
  • Horizontal transfer (HT) of genes between multicellular animals, once thought to be extremely rare, is being more commonly detected, but its global geographic trend and transfer mechanism have not been investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The use of importance of different sources of human infection has hin- nucleotide sequence data directly accesses the variation in the dered the development of effective disease-control measures targeted gene, and the technology employed is readily dissem- and is a major challenge in preventing human disease. (cdc.gov)
  • In total, 133 anaerobes isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tract were examined for the presence of traits of horizontal transfer. (vutbr.cz)
  • [10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)
  • The acquired integrated DNA was tracked through successive replication rounds and was found to occasionally split and segregate with different chromosomes, leading to the inheritance of different gene clusters within the cell lineage. (miroslavradman.com)
  • However, we also observed that very few of these transferred genes were found to be expressed (turned on). (piltdownsuperman.com)
  • Interestingly, this rpl36 gene is a distantly related paralog of the rpl36 type found in other plastids and most eubacteria. (biomedcentral.com)