• The reagent is designed for Flow Cytometry analysis of human blood cells using 10 μL reagent / 100 μL of whole blood or 1e6 cells in a suspension. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Eosinophils in airway fluid were quantitated by flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Flow cytometry of Fanconi anemia cells cultured with nitrogen mustard and other clastogens demonstrates an arrest in G2/M. (medscape.com)
  • We make use of high-resolution, high-throughput flow cytometry, advanced imaging techniques, gene expression data as well as crosslinking data from population based registries. (lu.se)
  • assessed by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry, by using a handful of phenotypic markers. (lu.se)
  • GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • Finally, we provide protocols for analyzing these cells through flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. (lu.se)
  • If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent allele frequencies and therefore can be considered a single effective population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene flow is an important mechanism for transferring genetic diversity among populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Migrants change the distribution of genetic diversity among populations, by modifying allele frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a particular variant of a gene). (wikipedia.org)
  • There are a number of factors that affect the rate of gene flow between different populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene flow is expected to be lower in species that have low dispersal or mobility, that occur in fragmented habitats, where there is long distances between populations, and when there are small population sizes. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, many island populations have low rates of gene flow due to geographic isolation and small population sizes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The level of gene flow among populations can be estimated by observing the dispersal of individuals and recording their reproductive success. (wikipedia.org)
  • The more genetically differentiated two populations are, the lower the estimate of gene flow, because gene flow has a homogenizing effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • When gene flow is blocked by physical barriers, this results in Allopatric speciation or a geographical isolation that does not allow populations of the same species to exchange genetic material. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some cases, they can be artificial, man-made barriers, such as the Great Wall of China, which has hindered the gene flow of native plant populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The traffic of genes among populations may help living things better adapt to climate change, especially when genes flow among groups most affected by warming, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In extreme cases where we might consider augmenting genetic resources available to imperiled populations, it might be best to obtain these genes from populations inhabiting similar kinds of habitats," Strauss said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Gene flow" describes the movement of genetic traits within and among populations, as individual animals or plants breed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sexton noted that hybrids of monkeyflowers from two warm-edge populations did better than either of their parents, perhaps because the populations had been using different genes to adapt to warm environments. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We used genotypes at 11 microsatellite loci to reveal the genetic structure of, and directional gene flow among, populations to predict the likely future spread of the pathogen in the northwest and to estimate effective population size (Ne). (datadryad.org)
  • I'm also curious to understand how interactions between loci (i.e., gene networks) influence divergence between populations and species. (myrmecologicalnews.org)
  • The importance of genetic diversity (mutation, gene flow, drift, heritability) to adaptive evolution is widely recognized, but it is less clear whether and how it affects ecological function and viability of populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Now, the Caucasus isn't a barrier to gene flow because it's difficult to cross, and, indeed, many human populations have managed to cross it since the Upper Palaeolithic. (blogspot.com)
  • Often, when two populations diverge from each other, their gene genealogies will show similar patterns of divergence. (johnhawks.net)
  • An analysis of both Y-chromosomes and mtDNA, and autosomes in Siddis and the adjoining Indian tribal populations has helped in tracing the direction of gene flow between the African descendent and Indians. (thehindu.com)
  • Thus, we investigated patterns of gene flow and genomic signatures of local adaptation in populations of the copepod Eurytemora affinis spanning natural salinity and temperature gradients in the Baltic and North Seas. (authorea.com)
  • Based on whole-genome sequencing of 11 populations, we found population genomic signatures of selection associated with salinity and temperature gradients in both seas, indicating local adaptation, with 'ion transmembrane transport' as the most enriched gene ontology category under selection. (authorea.com)
  • We found clear population structure between the Baltic and North Seas, along with signals of admixture between populations, consistent with the presence of gene flow both within and between the seas. (authorea.com)
  • Our results suggest that gene flow of beneficial alleles from across the environmental gradients could provide the genetic substrate for populations to adapt to future climate change. (authorea.com)
  • As a result, modern populations might differ for the amount of archaic genes incorporated in their gene pool, which are eventually expressed and may result in phenotypic differences affecting, for example, the immune response [ 8 ], or lipid catabolism [ 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Distinguishing gene flow between malaria parasite populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Pollen-mediated gene flow at a distance could allow the spread of rare herbicide-resistant alleles and favor the evolution of multiple herbicide-resistant biotypes through the accumulation of different resistant genes in an individual weed or weed population. (unl.edu)
  • The speaker will discuss examples of common waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, and giant ragweed to demonstrate the role of gene flow in transfer of herbicide-resistant alleles. (unl.edu)
  • The introduction of new alleles through gene flow increases variability within the population and makes possible new combinations of traits. (britannica.com)
  • Gene flow, or introgression, refers to alleles from one species entering a different (and usually closely related) species through migration and hybridization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene flow is a key factor that could either promote or hinder local adaptation, with either beneficial or maladapted alleles immigrating from elsewhere. (authorea.com)
  • It is pretty likely that if we sample a dozen Neandertals across a subset of their range, that we will miss the deepest divergence in the genealogy of a single gene. (johnhawks.net)
  • We review models that address the crucial distinction between the gene divergence, the parameter that is typically recovered in molecular phylogeographic studies, and the population divergence, which is in most cases the parameter of interest and will almost always postdate the gene divergence. (bioone.org)
  • Divergence time, population size, time of gene flow, distance of outgroup and number of loci were examined in a sensitivity analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The D-statistic, as a method to detect gene flow, is robust against a wide range of genetic distances (divergence times) but it is sensitive to population size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the earliest methods to detect gene flow are a homoplasy-based analysis that finds taxa that are intermediate between putative parent species [ 9 ], and a gene tree comparison that identifies locus divergence younger than the species' divergence [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The variance in the number of substitutions (among loci for a given species or among species for a given gene) resulting from the stochastic nature of DNA change is generally smaller than the variance due to substitutions along allelic lines whose coalescence times vary due to genetic drift in the ancestral population. (bioone.org)
  • The sensitivity of the D-statistic is also affected by the direction of gene flow, size and number of loci. (biomedcentral.com)
  • iii) modeled rates of pollen-mediated gene flow showed extensive mixing of germplasm between fields and farms and iv) as a result, segregation of GM and non-GM varieties is not likely to be an option in these systems. (nature.com)
  • The results imply that there is low likelihood to develop pollen-mediated gene flow from GE camelina to related species studied. (isaaa.org)
  • Pollen-mediated gene flow from glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer): consequences for dispersal of resistance genes. (unl.edu)
  • In some cases dispersal resulting in gene flow may also result in the addition of novel genetic variants under positive selection to the gene pool of a species or population (adaptive introgression. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second was that genes from the center of the range that did not help plants adapt would dilute any adaptive genes, negating their benefit. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the recent study "Semipermeable species boundaries create opportunities for gene flow and adaptive potential" , Satokangas et al. (myrmecologicalnews.org)
  • The geographic proximity of the islands suggests the possibility for successful dispersal, but this is countered by the permanence of the marine barriers and extreme intervening currents that are expected to hinder gene flow. (leibniz-lib.de)
  • These findings suggest that historical geological and oceanographic conditions heavily influenced dispersal pathways and gene flow, which in turn drove species formation and shaped species boundaries. (leibniz-lib.de)
  • Other cases may result from new mutations in the gene . (medlineplus.gov)
  • X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), or Bruton agammaglobulinemia, is an inherited immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the gene coding for Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). (medscape.com)
  • Despite the traditional view that species do not exchange genes by hybridisation, recent studies show that gene flow between closely related species is more common than previously thought. (phys.org)
  • focus on hybridisation and gene flow in five keystone wood ant species belonging to the Formica rufa group in Finland and other parts of Europe. (myrmecologicalnews.org)
  • Despite hybridisation, F. rufa , F. aquilonia , F. lugubris , and F. pratensis maintain distinct gene pools in Finland. (myrmecologicalnews.org)
  • Lack or low gene flow is considered detrimental because it does not yield a great amount of variability (gene pool) from which the population can use to overcome changing environmental conditions. (mojavedesert.net)
  • Treponema pallidum genome sequencing from six continents reveals variability in vaccine candidate genes and dominance of Nichols clade strains in Madagascar. (cdc.gov)
  • That is, to what extent hybrids, with their combination of gene variants from both species, can successfully compete for food and territory. (phys.org)
  • Still, despite gene flow between species, we found that genetic variants associated with the cultivated trichome morphology continue to segregate. (lu.se)
  • To characterize identified variants and genes functionally, we rely on a broad repertoire of functional genomics methods , including CRISPR-Cas9, synthetic oligonucleotide libraries, and massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA). (lu.se)
  • Through the comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms, we identify gene flow of FAME from Neandertals into modern humans. (lu.se)
  • Lung tissue gene expression was assessed using whole-genome mRNA microarrays. (cdc.gov)
  • There were 3954 correlations and a total of 15 correlations for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from proteomics and transcriptomics. (hindawi.com)
  • Some of the additional genes involved in Brugada syndrome provide instructions for making proteins that ensure the correct location or function of sodium channels in heart muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Proteins produced by other genes involved in the condition form or help regulate ion channels that transport calcium or potassium into or out of heart muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)
  • A surprising finding was that the observed gene flow was substantial on most autosomal chromosomes but negligible on the Z chromosome, one of the sex chromosomes," says Fan Han, Uppsala University, who analysed these data as part of her Ph.D. thesis. (phys.org)
  • This explain why genes on the Z chromosome cannot flow from the medium ground finch to the cactus finch via these hybrid females, whereas genes in other parts of the genome can, because parents of the hybrid contribute equally. (phys.org)
  • The BTK gene defect has been mapped to the long arm of the X chromosome at band Xq21.3 to Xq22, spanning 37.5kb with 19 exons forming 659 amino acids to complete the BTK cytosolic tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)
  • Prenatal Fanconi anemia diagnosis can be accomplished by demonstration of chromosome breaks in cells obtained in utero from chorionic villus biopsy, amniocentesis, or cord blood (by cordocentesis) or by identification of Fanconi anemia gene mutations in DNA extracted from fetal cells. (medscape.com)
  • correction of chromosome breakage or of impaired growth by a specific vector indicates that the cells have a mutation in that gene. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in these genes disrupt the flow of ions, impairing the heart's normal rhythm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For this reason, gene flow has been thought to constrain speciation and prevent range expansion by combining the gene pools of the groups, thus preventing the development of differences in genetic variation that would have led to differentiation and adaptation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses reveal that FAME is a membrane-bound protein enriched in the kidneys. (lu.se)
  • In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)
  • This direct method is only suitable for some types of organisms, more often indirect methods are used that infer gene flow by comparing allele frequencies among population samples. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using a graph-based model of gene flow to estimate migration events from ancestry-specific allele frequencies 37 , we find evidence for migration events in the distant past. (nature.com)
  • As the researchers observed the growing monkeyflowers, they were able to test two contrasting predictions about how gene flow should affect plants at the edge of the range. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To answer these questions, the researchers measured how the mixing of genes from different elevations affected the plants' ability to live at the warm edge of their range, through traits such as time for seedlings to emerge, time to flowering and overall reproductive success. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers have identified two genes that may contribute to Raynaud phenomenon, a condition where blood vessels in the extremities constrict and limit blood flow. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers identified two genes that are likely involved with Raynaud. (medscape.com)
  • Below you can see some examples of the infrastructure for research on genes and cells, available for researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)
  • This interplay between local adaptation and gene flow has not been fully explored in passive dispersers, such as plankton. (authorea.com)
  • When gene flow occurs via migration the deleterious effects of inbreeding can be ameliorated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maize gene flow occurs through cultivator determined seed selection and mixing as well as through pollen transfer between individual plants and fields. (nature.com)
  • Gene flow occurs between all sexually compatible plants of maize types, i.e. in land races, commercial hybrids and eventual wild relatives 4 . (nature.com)
  • Expression changes in a core set of genes occurs independent of IgE in a mouse model of chemical-induced airway eosinophilia. (cdc.gov)
  • Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. (cambridge.org)
  • Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus , (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. (cambridge.org)
  • Here, we explored the phenotypic and genomic effects of interspecific gene flow following the widespread cultivation of Mentha spicata (spearmint), M. longifolia, and M. suaveolens. (lu.se)
  • A collaboration between KAUST and several UK institutes has revealed that surface currents are important pathways for gene flow in the Red Sea, a finding which will help guide marine management programs. (earthscape.org)
  • Beckie , H , Warwick , S , Nair , H , Séguin-Swartz G ( 2003 ) Gene flow in commercial fields of herbicide-resistant canola ( Brassica napus ). (cambridge.org)
  • Once herbicide-resistant weeds evolve, they can be spread by pollen and/or seed movement, known as pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow, respectively. (unl.edu)
  • We evaluated the sensitivity of the D-statistic, a parsimony-like method widely used to detect gene flow between closely related species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic analyses reveal female-mediated gene flow from north to south. (bou.org.uk)
  • This ancient flow of genes to present-day humans has physiological relevance today, for example affecting how our immune system reacts to infections. (nobelprize.org)
  • The main tool used in transcriptomics is total RNA sequencing, which is a powerful tool for analyzing gene expression changes in response to various environmental stresses [ 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The study has for the first time traced the Siddi's African ancestry to the Bantu-speaking population in the sub-Saharan region, and established that the gene admixture happened only over the past eight generations - about 200 years ago. (thehindu.com)
  • We wondered whether this evolutionary change could be explained by gene flow between the two species. (phys.org)
  • Traditional phylogenetic analyses that assume a bifurcating tree fails to model complicated evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), gene flow, and horizontal gene transfer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maternal and paternal genes are present but failure of maternal imprinting causes only the paternal genome to be expressed. (medscape.com)
  • In the last decade, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation has been facilitated by global gene expression profiling (GEP), provid- ing a new powerful means for the classification, prediction of survival, and response to treatment of lym- phomas. (lu.se)
  • Still, the seasonal habitats of different species of birds have not been completely mapped but this would be of great interest to get a more thorough picture of the global gene flow. (lu.se)
  • Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful technique that can suppress gene expression in a variety of cells including mammalian cells. (scirp.org)
  • P values were adjusted with a multivariate linear regression model and represent the influence of leprosy on the gene expression levels. (ajtmh.org)
  • Analysis of lung gene expression reveals a role for Cl- channels in diisocyanate induced airway eosinophilia in a mouse model of asthma pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
  • Transcriptomics focuses on gene transcription and regulation of transcription in cells [ 25 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusions: Although hybridization, allopolyploidization, and human selection during cultivation can increase species richness (e.g., by forming hybrid taxa), we showed that unless reproductive barriers are strong, these processes can also result in mixing of genes between species and the potential loss of natural biodiversity. (lu.se)
  • The quantity of ionic current flowing through K+ channels depends upon the interplay between two separate time-dependent processes: activation and inactivation gating. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • Analysis of gene flow must take ILS into account, because both processes generate gene trees that are incongruent with the species tree. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, they fail to understand that the Caucasus is a semipermeable barrier that has effectively stymied human gene flow between Eastern Europe and West Asia through the ages. (blogspot.com)
  • This has made it possible for them to migrate and live at different habitats depending on season and in this way also to effectively spread genes. (lu.se)
  • The main gene finding, ADRA2A , "points to a receptor on the cells that regulate the tone of these blood vessels," she continued. (medscape.com)
  • Gene flow in agricultural crops is important for risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly in countries with a large informal agricultural sector of subsistence cultivation. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrated for the first time that gene silencing of endothelial E-selectin using siRNA transfection in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) causes inhibition of EPC adhesion under flow conditions. (scirp.org)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a sodium channel, which normally transports positively charged sodium atoms (ions) into heart muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the SCN5A gene alter the structure or function of the channel, which reduces the flow of sodium ions into cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Physical barriers to gene flow are usually, but not always, natural. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the strategic session 'Hidden champions in the 'Technet markets" NTI in Russia: reality, challenges, prospects', Eugene discussed with colleagues how to overcome barriers to the development of small and medium-sized technology companies. (kamaflow.com)
  • while these statistics are difficult to implement to practical questions in biology due to lack of knowledge of when the gene flow happened, they can be used to compare datasets with identical or similar demographic background. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We conclude that the overall genetic composition of maize, in this and similar agricultural contexts, will be strongly influenced both by self-organised ecological factors (pollen flow), and by socially mediated intervention (seed recycling and sharing). (nature.com)
  • Ecological impacts of hybridization and gene flow. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Gene flow via vegetative propagule has rarely been addressed, but could be an important avenue for certain weed species. (unl.edu)
  • In addition, important genes related to osmoregulation, such as ion transport and carbonic anhydrase, were also detected in the correlation analysis for same trend DEPs_DEGs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our experiments have shown the importance of E-selectin in EPC adhesion to HUVECs and the potential utility of gene silencing of E-selectin in EPC recruitment. (scirp.org)
  • Reproductive biology differs markedly among weed species, as does the potential for gene flow. (unl.edu)
  • Our major histocompatibility complex (MHC) data suggest potential selection by WNS on the MHC, but gene duplication limited the immunogenetic analyses. (datadryad.org)
  • It also provides a useful focal point for studying the mechanisms of microevolution such as gene flow, genetic drift, and selection. (uoguelph.ca)
  • In a secondary analysis, the team also used health records from the Queen Mary University of London Genes & Health Study, which contains health information on individuals of South Asian ancestry. (medscape.com)
  • Importantly, Pääbo also found that gene transfer had occurred from these now extinct hominins to Homo sapiens following the migration out of Africa around 70,000 years ago. (nobelprize.org)
  • This is consistent with the fact that the main confounding factor in gene flow detection is incomplete lineage sorting by diluting the signal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We provide evidence of a substantial gene flow, in particular from the medium ground finch to the common cactus finch," explains Sangeet Lamichhaney, one of the shared first authors and currently Associate Professor at Kent State University. (phys.org)