• In this review we discuss the current understanding of the signaling mechanisms used by TGF-beta to elicit its effects on target genes, focusing primarily on Smad proteins and their role in the transcriptional regulation of ECM gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Thus LFY may need to interact with additional proteins to function in transcriptional regulation. (oboolo.com)
  • Post-transcriptional regulation of AG. (oboolo.com)
  • The mechanisms include DES-induced transcriptional regulation of Fas and FasL genes involving ER-mediated signaling and the participation of ERE and/or NF-κB motifs present on their promoters. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Overall, our data suggest that butyrate can reduce the expression of inflammatory genes not only by transcriptional regulation, but also by post-transcriptional regulation via inhibition of mRNA stabilizing proteins. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Transcriptional regulation of aquaporins in accessions of Arabidopsis in response to drought stress. (lu.se)
  • Specifically, TGF-beta isoforms have the ability to induce the expression of ECM proteins in mesenchymal cells, and to stimulate the production of protease inhibitors that prevent enzymatic breakdown of the ECM. (nih.gov)
  • Maintenance of class B gene expression The maintenance of AP3 and PI expression in flowers requires the activity of both AP3 and PI indicating that these two proteins function in a positive autoregulatory loop. (oboolo.com)
  • What remain unknown are the mechanisms whereby Polycomb proteins regulate gene expression during spermatogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • Our central hypothesis is that Polycomb proteins cooperate to preprogram the epigenome in undifferentiated spermatogonia, thus regulating the subsequent dynamic genome-wide expression profile and programmed differentiation necessary for spermatogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • These studies will reveal novel epigenetic mechanisms by which interplay between Polycomb proteins regulates the dynamic gene expression during spermatogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
  • These proteins all contain two zinc fingers and four homeodomains, suggesting that they function as regulators of gene expression. (uky.edu)
  • Genes encoding disrupted complementary interactors tend to be risk genes, and an interaction network built from these proteins is enriched for ASD proteins. (springer.com)
  • also to being immunogenic, inclusion from the genes coding for regulatory proteins also occupies valuable space in the AAV genome. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • RafK carries a C-terminal regulatory domain present in a subset of ATP-binding proteins that has been involved in both direct regulation of transporter activity (inducer exclusion) and transcription of transporter genes. (lu.se)
  • Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developmental regulation of lck gene expression in T lymphocytes. (rupress.org)
  • It is essential to have a better understanding on inter-individual variation of gene expression, methylation and genetic effects specific to liver, and on different conditions, e.g. developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To determine whether developmental regulation results from stage-specific enhancers, the capacity of the AFP enhancers is tested to direct the expression of albumin. (princeton.edu)
  • Developmental regulation of neuronal gene expression by Elongator complex protein 1 dosage. (figshare.com)
  • The Zhx2 gene was originally characterized in our lab based on its ability to control the developmental repression of several hepatic genes, including AFP (PNAS, 102:401). (uky.edu)
  • Often, one gene regulator controls another, and so on, in a gene regulatory network. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of the putative transcriptional regulator GlyR2 in the regulation of cel5D expression was investigated. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The plant hormone gibberellin appears to be an important regulator of homeotic gene expression in later stages of flower development (Yu et al. (oboolo.com)
  • SCML2 is a germline-specific subunit of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), a regulator of heritable gene repression during development. (grantome.com)
  • RpoS is a major regulator of genes required for adaptation to stationary phase in E. coli. (mcmaster.ca)
  • The expression of RpoS-dependent genes osmY, tnaA and malK was controlled by Crl, a transcriptional regulator that modulates RpoS activity. (mcmaster.ca)
  • These data indicate that the 5MT resistance of TR-68 may be caused by mutation of a regulator of the expression of the AS genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Some of these modifications that regulate gene expression are inheritable and are referred to as epigenetic regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have hypothesized that butyrate may regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through global effects on the expression or cytoplasmic trans location of RBPs. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Riboswitches are structured nucleic acids which regulate gene expression in response to ligand binding. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase can be regulated by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review focuses primarily on the mechanisms underlying Smad modulation of gene expression and how they relate to wound healing. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, such mechanisms can influence the expression of hepatic ADME genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LFY can directly regulate the transcription of at least one representative of each of the class A, B and C genes but uses distinct mechanisms to activate expression of each of these genes in a region-specific manner. (oboolo.com)
  • The goal of this study is to elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying dynamic genome-wide gene expression during spermatogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • The study potentially identifies fundamental mechanisms for dynamic and coordinated regulation of genome-wide gene expression necessary for spermatogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of DES-mediated regulation of Fas and FasL gene expression during the development of the immune system and examine the role of ERE and NF-κB motifs in the regulation of these genes. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Here, we study gene body DNA methylation (gbM) and gene expression patterns in ecotypes from contrasting thermal environments of two marine plants with contrasting life history strategies in order to explore the potential role epigenetic mechanisms could play in gene plasticity and responsiveness to heat stress. (nature.com)
  • Although we cannot discern whether gbM regulates gene expression or vice versa, or if other molecular mechanisms play a role in facilitating transcriptome responsiveness, our findings point to the existence of a relationship between gene responsiveness and gbM patterns in marine plants. (nature.com)
  • The mechanisms by which gene expression, and thus phenotypic plasticity, are influenced and regulated remain poorly understood in most organisms. (nature.com)
  • Culture conditions were chosen that measure the transient, phytohemagglutinin-induced expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ messenger RNA (mRNA), as well the intactness of post-transcriptional and suppressor T cell-dependent mechanisms that control this expression. (biu.ac.il)
  • 5) in 1978 put forth a the- on exposed surfaces led to studies that revealed surface-associ- ory of biofilms that explained the mechanisms whereby micro- ated microorganisms (biofilms) exhibited a distinct phenotype organisms adhere to living and nonliving materials and the with respect to gene transcription and growth rate. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we describe how telomere length regulates gene expression long before telomeres become short enough to produce a DNA damage response (senescence). (hal.science)
  • Riboswitches consist of a ligand-sensing aptamer domain joined to an expression platform which regulates gene expression in response to aptamer binding. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Moreover, the ability of IL-10 to induce de novo synthesis of SOCS-3 in monocytes correlates with its ability to inhibit expression of many genes in these cells, including endotoxin-inducible cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the ability of IL-10 to inhibit gene expression in monocytes is associated with its ability to rapidly induce synthesis of SOCS-3. (nih.gov)
  • There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Given the substantial inter-individual variation seen in metabolism, regulation of nutrients, protein synthesis, and detoxification of xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Static and dynamic biomechanical forces of high magnitudes induce proinflammatory genes and inhibit matrix synthesis. (usuhs.edu)
  • Contrarily, dynamic biomechanical signals of low/physiologic magnitudes are potent antiinflammatory signals that inhibit interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced proinflammatory gene transcription and abrogate IL-1β/tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inhibition of matrix synthesis. (usuhs.edu)
  • Detailed investigation of a few specialized mammalian genes, including the genes controlling the synthesis of hemoglobin, provide important models to understand how such long-range regulatory elements act. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using Bmal1−/− mice and their wild-type (WT) siblings, we aimed to identify additional genes by which the circadian clock regulates testosterone synthesis. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Genes that regulate both the synthesis and the structure of different globins are organized into 2 separate clusters. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha thalassemia syndromes are caused by deficient expression of 1 or more of the 4 alpha-globin genes on chromosome 16 and are characterized by absent or reduced synthesis of alpha-globin chains. (medscape.com)
  • Further, gene length analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that the loss of Elp1 mainly impacts the expression of long genes and that by gradually restoring Elongator their expression is progressively rescued. (figshare.com)
  • RNA sequencing identified 37 and 48 genes that were differentially expressed between WT and Bmal1−/− mouse testes at circadian time (CT2 and CT14), respectively. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Repressors bind to the Operator, coding sequences on the DNA strand that are close to or overlapping the promoter region, impeding RNA polymerase's progress along the strand, thus impeding the expression of the gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This was related to an increased DNMT3a protein association with a discreet region of the Nr3c1 (GR gene) promoter, shown here to undergo increased DNA methylation after FSS. (karger.com)
  • The proximal promoter lies just 5' to the coding region for the gene and is active only in thymocytes. (rupress.org)
  • As previously reported, transgenic mice bearing functional proximal promoter sequence juxtaposed with the SV40 large T antigen gene invariably develop lymphoid tumors confined to the thymus. (rupress.org)
  • In the current work, transgenic mice bearing a 2.6-kb fragment of the human distal promoter fused to the SV40 large T antigen gene express large T antigen in thymocytes and in peripheral lymphoid cells, and develop tumors of both the thymus and the peripheral lymphoid organs. (rupress.org)
  • Hence, developmentally regulated, lineage-specific transcription of the lck gene is mediated by distinct promoter sequences that appear to be capable of functioning independently. (rupress.org)
  • The recombinant protein GlyR2 was produced and was shown to bind in vitro to the cel5D and glyR2 promoter regions, suggesting that besides regulating its own expression, GlyR2 may regulate cel5D expression. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • fusion gene was constructed, with the clpQ + Y + promoter fused to a lacZ reporter gene. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • In turn, we have addressed how, during this process, the upstream elements control the correct spatial and temporal expression from the alpha-gene promoter which lies approximately 60 kb downstream of these elements. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A GA substitution located at -119 of the human AFP promoter is associated with hereditary persistence of AFP (HPAFP) expression in the adult liver (Hum Molec Genet, 1993, 2:379). (uky.edu)
  • Expression of γ-globin mRNA was examined by primer extension, and transcriptional activity of the γ-globin gene promoter was determined by reporter gene assays. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway by forskolin inhibited hemin-induced expression of γ-globin mRNA and decreased transcriptional activity of the γ-globin gene promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Stephan Sanders and his colleagues have previously shown that spontaneous, or de novo , mutations (seen only in the child and not in either parent) are important risk factors for autism and can be used to find the genes involved in causing autism. (sfari.org)
  • To find these mutations, they plan to build a map of the differences in gene expression between males and females in multiple brain regions and across multiple stages of brain development. (sfari.org)
  • They hope to look for a group of genes that have mutations in girls with autism and that also show a difference in brain expression between the sexes. (sfari.org)
  • Mutations in the CHD7 gene cause CHARGE syndrome, a disorder that affects many areas of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • More than 600 mutations that can cause CHARGE syndrome have been identified, and they occur throughout the CHD7 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • More than 50 mutations in the CHD7 gene have been identified in people with Kallmann syndrome, a disorder characterized by the combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (a condition affecting the production of hormones that direct sexual development) and an impaired sense of smell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in this gene account for 5 to 10 percent of all cases of Kallmann syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the CHD7 gene mutations that cause Kallmann syndrome alter single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the CHD7 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations and gene deletions causing the thalassemia genotype have arisen independently in different populations but have subsequently propagated by means of natural selection. (medscape.com)
  • More than 20 different genetic mutations resulting in the functional deletion of both pairs of alpha-globin genes (--/--) have been identified. (medscape.com)
  • There are more than 15 different genetic mutations that result in decreased production of alpha globin, usually through functional deletion of 1 or more of the 4 alpha-globin genes. (medscape.com)
  • Virtually any step of gene expression can be modulated, from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from signaling to transcription to post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also identified 24 apaQTLs associated with protein levels, but not mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, our work demonstrates that APA links genetic variation to variation in gene expression, protein expression, and disease risk, and reveals uncharted modes of genetic regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • For development of greater modularity, we extend the use of synthetic self-cleaving ribozyme switches to detect changes in input protein levels and convey that information into programmed gene expression in eukaryotic cells. (caltech.edu)
  • We demonstrate both up- and down-regulation of levels of an output transgene by more than 4-fold in response to rising input protein levels, with maximal output gene expression approaching the highest levels observed in yeast. (caltech.edu)
  • Photochrome-mediated regulation of messenger RNAs for the small subunit of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein in Lemna gibba. (wikidata.org)
  • LFY encodes a novel plant-specific DNA-binding protein that can bind in vitro to the promoters of several floral organ-identity genes. (oboolo.com)
  • This model is supported by the higher levels of miRNA172 in the inner two whorls of the flower, however, the spatial pattern of expression of AP2 protein in inflorescences has not yet been determined. (oboolo.com)
  • Translational repression of AP2 The only floral organ-identity gene that does not encode a MADS-domain protein is the class A gene AP2. (oboolo.com)
  • There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
  • Such genes include the adipocyte lipid-binding protein (ALBP or aP2) which plays a central role in facilitating the trafficking of fatty acids within adipocytes. (umn.edu)
  • In addition to the aP2 gene being a target of activation by fatty acids, at the protein level ALBP/aP2 plays a role in trafficking of fatty acids and/or their metabolises. (umn.edu)
  • Familial dysautonomia (FD), a hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, is caused by a mutation in the Elongator complex protein 1 (ELP1) gene that lead to a tissue-specific reduction of ELP1 protein. (figshare.com)
  • Genes responsible for carbon source transport (the mal operon for maltose), protein folding (dnaK and mopAB), and iron acquisition (fepBD, entCBA, fecI, and exbBD) were positively controlled by RpoS. (mcmaster.ca)
  • We investigate the functional relevance of de novo missense variants, specifically whether they are likely to disrupt protein interactions, and nominate novel genes in risk for ASD through integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. (springer.com)
  • Finally, we integrate protein interactions and cell-type-specific co-expression networks together with published association data to implicate novel genes in ASD risk in a cell-type-specific manner. (springer.com)
  • Consistent with other studies, genes identified by disrupted protein interactions are expressed early in development and in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages. (springer.com)
  • Disrupted protein interactions identify gene sets involved in risk for ASD. (springer.com)
  • Using the newly released and larger ASC dataset, we confirm these observations and take them in several new directions: (1) By defining a set of genes encoding these disrupted protein interactors in ASD subjects and another for their siblings, we evaluate their expression patterns in developing brain from fetal to early postnatal development and within general cell types of brain tissue. (springer.com)
  • Butyrate is a SCFA that was reported to alter the mRNA stability of inflammatory genes by increasiing the expression of the RNA binding protein (RBP) Tristetraprolin (TTP). (metu.edu.tr)
  • As a proof of concept, we show butyrate-mediated inhibition in binding of HuR to the 3'UTR of COX-2 mRNA resulting in reduced mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory gene. (metu.edu.tr)
  • The protein encoded by this gene has two RRM domains that bind to RNAs. (nih.gov)
  • The protein isoforms encoded by this gene are similar to its family member HNRPD. (nih.gov)
  • The CHD7 gene provides instructions for making a protein called chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The CHD7 protein regulates the activity (expression) of several other genes through a process known as chromatin remodeling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers are working to determine which genes the CHD7 protein regulates. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Shortage of this protein is thought to disrupt chromatin remodeling and the regulation of gene expression. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Unlike the cip-cel operon, these genes are transcribed as monocistronic units of transcription, except cel5D. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Similarly to the cip-cel operon, cel5A and cel5I expressions are regulated by a carbon catabolite repression mechanism, whereas cel44O and cel5D expressions do not seem to be submitted to this regulation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Pneumococci lacking RafK showed a 50- to 80-fold reduction in expression of the raf operon genes aga (alpha-galactosidase) and rafEFG (raffinose substrate binding and permease genes), and both glucose and sucrose inhibited raffinose uptake through inducer exclusion. (lu.se)
  • Like RafK, the presence of DLDH also activated the expression of raf operon genes, as DLDH-negative pneumococci showed a significantly decreased expression of aga and rafEFG, but DLDH did not regulate rafK or the putative regulatory genes rafR and rafS. (lu.se)
  • Long-range regulation of alpha-globin gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The alpha-globin genes are encoded on chromosome 16, and the gamma-, delta-, and beta-globin genes are encoded on chromosome 11. (medscape.com)
  • however, their phenotypic expression may be described in simplified clinical terms related to the number of inherited alpha-globin genes. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha thalassemias may be broadly classified according to whether the loss of alpha-globin genes is complete or partial-that is, alpha(0) thalassemia or alpha(+) thalassemia. (medscape.com)
  • Persons who inherit 3 normal alpha-globin genes (-α/αα) are referred to clinically as silent carriers. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, they aim to test the top two gene candidates in mouse models or induced pluripotent stem cells to ensure that they show the predicted expression pattern and to learn whether they exaggerate phenotypes of known autism genes in females but not males. (sfari.org)
  • These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)
  • No physical interaction or cooperation of binding was observed in gel shift experiments Transcriptional repression of AG The lack of AG expression in vegetative tissues and the outer two floral whorls is a consequence of both the absence of AG activators and the activity of AG repressors. (oboolo.com)
  • We have discovered that Polycomb complexes determine the gene expression profile by programming genes for both repression and activation. (grantome.com)
  • It then homodimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it binds with high affinity to STAT-binding elements (SBE) in the promoters of various IL-10-responsive genes. (nih.gov)
  • To examine the mechanism underlying DES-mediated regulation of Fas and FasL, we performed luciferase assays using T cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs containing full-length Fas or FasL promoters. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • In general, these elements contain a high density of evolutionarily conserved, transcription factor-binding sites and in many ways resemble the upstream regulatory elements found adjacent to the promoters of genes in simpler organisms, differing only in the distance over which they act. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In 10 of 14 tumors investigated the breakpoints on the myc carrying chromosome were clustered in a 1.5 kb region 5' of the intact gene, proximal to the myc promoters. (lu.se)
  • One of these genes, SOCS-3 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3) is a member of a newly identified family of genes that inhibit JAK/STAT-dependent signaling. (nih.gov)
  • We identified SCML2 as the suppressor of somatic/progenitor genes. (grantome.com)
  • These observations suggest genetic variants can decrease mRNA expression levels by increasing usage of intronic PAS. (elifesciences.org)
  • Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Our recent RNA-seq analysis showed that about three thousand spermatogenesis-specific genes are activated, while approximately three thousand genes expressed in both somatic lineages and progenitor cells of the male germline (termed somatic/progenitor genes) are largely suppressed during late spermatogenesis, i.e., in meiosis and in postmeiotic spermatids. (grantome.com)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down-regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, exposure to CAS resulted in the upregulation of hypha-specific genes known to play a role in biofilm formation, such as ALS3 and HWP1. (who.int)
  • Light-stimulated transcription of genes for two chloroplast polypeptides in isolated pea leaf nuclei. (wikidata.org)
  • Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • This approach may be useful for inferring kinetic constants related to expression of antimetastatic genes or oncogenes and on the design of multi-drug therapeutic strategies targeting master regulatory genes. (preprints.org)
  • Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing awareness that gene expression can be regulated by multiple cis-acting sequences located at considerable distances (10-1000 kb) from the genes they control. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It has been the albumin and AFP genes contain a number of regulatory sequences important for their expression. (princeton.edu)
  • We determined the nucleotide sequences of a part of rice AS gene (OASA1) corresponding to the site of mutation in 5MT resistant mutant in Arabidopsis and to the site of naturally feedback insensitive AS in Nicotiana tabacum and Ruta graveolens, however, there were no differences in these regions between TR-68 and wild-type. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Question: The Process By Which Genotype Becomes Expressed As Phenotype Is Translation Transcription Gene Expression O Gene Regulation Question 57 In Bacteria, What Name Is Given To A Cluster Of Genes With Related Functions, Along With Their DNA Control Sequences? (prowritershub.com)
  • A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. (wikidata.org)
  • A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. (wikidata.org)
  • Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements. (wikidata.org)
  • Thus, arrest peptides are used for metabolite-dependent gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Run-on analysis showed transcriptional attenuation in the normal rat myc gene, similar to the situation in mice and humans. (lu.se)
  • Recent molecular approaches have revealed that specific biomechanical stimuli and cell interactions generate intracellular signals that are powerful inducers or suppressors of proinflammatory and reparative genes in chondrocytes. (usuhs.edu)
  • Hertzel, AV & Bernlohr, DA 1998, ' Regulation of adipocyte gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids ', Molecular and cellular biochemistry , vol. 188, no. 1-2, pp. 33-39. (umn.edu)
  • Gene expression is a mechanism at the molecular level by which a gene is able to express itself in the phenotype of an organism. (qforquestions.in)
  • All elements required for proper spatial and temporal regulation of AG expression are contained within this intron. (oboolo.com)
  • There are numerous systems which allow exogenous control of gene expression: these incorporate the Tet-On and Tet-Off systems which enable robust induction or inhibition of transgene expression in response to the small-molecule drug doxycycline, optogenetics approaches which let very certain spatial and temporal control of transgene expression employing light, and also systems which handle transgene expression employing sound [160]. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • However, there is substantial inter-individual variation in hepatic gene expression, and although numerous genetic factors have been identified, less is known about the epigenetic factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analyses generated a comprehensive resource of factors involved in the regulation of hepatic gene expression, and allowed us to estimate the proportion of variation in gene expression that could be attributed to genetic and epigenetic variation, both crucial to understanding differences in drug response and the etiology of liver diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FSS did not affect GR binding to a putative negative glucocorticoid response element within the Nr3c1 gene. (karger.com)
  • 3) used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to ated organisms also differ from their planktonic (freely examine biofilms on trickling filters in a wastewater treatment suspended) counterparts with respect to the genes that are tran- plant and showed them to be composed of a variety of organ- scribed. (cdc.gov)
  • In AMB-exposed biofilms, 2.7% of the genes showed altered expression, while in CAS-exposed biofilms, 13.0% of the genes had their expression modified. (who.int)
  • There was little overlap between AMB- or CAS-responsive genes in biofilms and those that have been identified as AMB, FLU, or CAS responsive in C. albicans planktonic cultures. (who.int)
  • We demonstrate that chromosome looping brings the telomere close to genes up to 10 Mb away from the telomere when telomeres are long and that the same loci become separated when telomeres are short. (hal.science)
  • Alpha-chain genes in duplication on chromosome 16 pairing with non-alpha chains to produce various normal hemoglobins. (medscape.com)
  • These signals intercept multiple steps in the NF-κB signaling cascade to regulate cytokine gene expression. (usuhs.edu)
  • Ramos, A.F. A Stochastic Binary Model for the Regulation of Gene Expression to Investigate Responses to Gene Therapy. (preprints.org)
  • In this manuscript we use an exactly solvable stochastic binary model for regulation of gene expression to analyse the dynamics of response to a treatment aiming to modulate the number of transcripts of RKIP gene. (preprints.org)
  • Stochastic models of gene transcription with upstream drives: exact solution and sample path characterization. (crossref.org)
  • All-natural riboswitches were 1st reported in 2002, when the Breaker group identified numerous RNA motifs which regulated bacterial gene expression in response to binding by smaller molecule metabolites [313]. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Nucleus-specific expression in the multinuclear mushroom-forming fungus reveals different nuclear regulatory programs. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Furthermore, expression array analysis reveals that many loci, including noncoding RNAs, may be regulated by telomere length. (hal.science)
  • In summary, the identification of a group of exponential phase genes controlled by RpoS reveals a novel aspect of RpoS function. (mcmaster.ca)
  • A possible model for AP2 regulation by miRNA172 can be envisioned in which expression of miRNA172 in the inner two floral whorls causes' translational inhibition of AP2 mRNA in these whorls. (oboolo.com)
  • Taken together, these findings provide insight into how biomechanical signals regulate inflammatory and reparative gene transcription, underscoring their potential in enhancing the ability of chondrocytes to curb inflammation in diseased joints. (usuhs.edu)
  • Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • We then conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis in mouse embryos to identify genes and pathways whose expression correlates with the amount of ELP1. (figshare.com)
  • These results suggested that the cAMP-dependent pathway, which is independent of MAPK pathways, plays a negative role in γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To determine potential signaling pathways involved with MWCNT-associated pathological changes in comparison to asbestos, up- and down-regulated gene expression was determined in lung tissue at 1 yr postexposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Using inferred gene co-expression for three neuronal cell types-excitatory, inhibitory, and neural progenitor-we implicate several hundred genes in risk (FDR \(\le \hspace{0.17em}\) 0.05), ~ 60% novel, with characteristics of genuine ASD genes. (springer.com)
  • Across cell types, these genes affect neuronal morphogenesis and neuronal communication, while neural progenitor cells show strong enrichment for development of the limbic system. (springer.com)
  • Given that FD is caused by a reduction, not loss, of ELP1, we generated two new mouse models by introducing different copy numbers of the human FD ELP1 transgene into the Elp1 knockout mouse (Elp1-/-) and observed that human ELP1 expression rescues embryonic development in a dose dependent manner. (figshare.com)
  • In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo, leading to the creation of different cell types that possess different gene expression profiles from the same genome sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • both for subsequent genome-wide gene silencing and activation during spermatogenesis (termed ?programmed differentiation? (grantome.com)
  • Tissue-specific and light-regulated expression of a pea nuclear gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. (wikidata.org)
  • Full study (free access) Prenatal Exposure of Mice to Diethylstilbestrol Disrupts T-Cell Differentiation by Regulating Fas/Fas Ligand Expression through Estrogen Receptor Element and Nuclear Factor-κB Motifs , The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, NCBI PubMed PMC3477208 , 2012 Nov. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). (nih.gov)
  • The proposed research is relevant to public health because dysregulation of gene expression in spermatogenesis is associated with testicular cancers and male infertility. (grantome.com)
  • Male Bmal1−/− mice are infertile with low serum testosterone levels and decreased expression of testicular steroidogenic genes, suggesting that circadian clock genes regulate testosterone biosynthesis by activating steroidogenic gene transcription. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Bmal1−/− mice showed severely reduced expression of testicular circadian clock genes at three time points (CT4, CT12, and CT20), and a reduction in mRNA expression levels of Apo (Apoa1, Apoa2, and Apoc3) and steroidogenic (StAR, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b2, and Hsd17b3) genes. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Since anthranilate synthase (AS) catalyzes the first step of Trp biosynthesis and is normally subject to feedback regulation by Trp, alteration of AS causes elevated Trp levels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Finally, through evaluation of co-expression modules, we identified gene sets with unique expression patterns that depended on ELP1 expression. (figshare.com)
  • For genes encoding the disrupted interactions, we evaluate their expression patterns across developing brains and within specific cell types, using both bulk and inferred cell-type-specific brain transcriptomes. (springer.com)
  • By analyzing the methylomes and transcriptomes of 14 fetal and 181 adult livers, we identified 657 differentially methylated genes with adult-specific expression, these genes were enriched for transcription factor binding sites of HNF1A and HNF4A. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In three separate lines of transgenic mice, expression in fetal livers was high, and this level persisted into adulthood. (princeton.edu)
  • In addition, I show that Elovl3 expression is reduced in liver tumors, fibrotic livers and fatty livers, raising the possibility that Elovl3 can serve as a marker for HCC and liver damage. (uky.edu)
  • While riboswitches have generally allowed for versatile and modular regulation, so far their dynamic ranges of output gene modulation have been modest, generally at most 10-fold. (caltech.edu)
  • Using the Caco-2 cell line, which undergoes spontaneous re-differentiation when grown past confluency, we observed a loss of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) mRNA expression, while ICAM-1 (intercellular cell adhesion m. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Heukelekian and genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • A wide number of adipocyte genes are regulated by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) through the actions of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. (umn.edu)
  • This platform can potentially be employed to regulate the expression of any transgene or any endogenous gene by 3' UTR replacement, allowing for more complex cell state-specific reprogramming. (caltech.edu)
  • To prevent TBK1 Gene ID off-target expression, but regulation continues to be required to attain therapeutic levels of, or to avoid deleterious immune responses to, the transgene item. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Increasing gene dosage greatly enhances recombinant expression of aquaporins in Pichia pastoris. (lu.se)