Free tissue flaps. Medical search. Frequent questions

This ability to transplant living tissue from one region of the body to another has greatly facilitated the reconstruction of complex defects. (medscape.com)
Free tissue transfer currently is used for the reconstruction of complex defects and disorders throughout the body. (medscape.com)
The use of the muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric (DIEP) artery and vein flaps in breast reconstruction allows for excellent shape and contour of the breast mound while minimizing donor site morbidities related to abdominal strength and contour. (medscape.com)
A study by Di Pace et al indicated that in immediate unilateral abdominal free flap breast reconstruction, better outcomes are obtained if the flap weighs approximately as much as or more than the mastectomy tissue. (medscape.com)
Reconstruction after head and neck cancer extirpative surgery frequently requires the replacement of bone and soft tissue to provide the most optimal functional and aesthetic result. (medscape.com)
The fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap (FCRFFF) is the most common free flap used in head and neck reconstruction. (medscape.com)
Previous attempts to use an osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) for head and neck reconstruction have been associated with unacceptable donor site morbidity, most commonly fracture of the radius. (medscape.com)
When donor site morbidity is reduced, this free flap is a useful alternative to other currently used osteocutaneous free flaps for head and neck reconstruction. (medscape.com)
in 1978, the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has become a workhorse flap in head and neck reconstruction. (medscape.com)
Two issues have been largely to blame for limiting surgeons' consideration of the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) as an option for single-stage reconstruction of composite defects in the head and neck: the inadequacy of available bone and the potential for radial bone fracture. (medscape.com)
In some instances, the surgeon may need to compromise on either the soft tissue or the bony component of the reconstruction. (medscape.com)
Examples: pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap and deltopectoral (DP) flap for head and neck defects, and latissimus dorsi (LD) flap and traverse rectus abdominal muscle (TRAM) flap for breast reconstruction. (wikipedia.org)
We report on a case of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in a 22-year-old male, following fibula flap harvest for mandibular reconstruction and arising after post-ischemic reperfusion damage. (nih.gov)
Delayed Reconstruction of Palatomaxillary Defect Using Fibula Free Flap. (mdpi.com)
An artery, vein, and some soft tissue will also be taken from another area and used for reconstruction. (oncolink.org)
Myocutaneous flaps are commonly used for reconstruction in head and neck surgery. (ajnr.org)
All patients had undergone head and neck tumor resection and surgical flap reconstruction. (ajnr.org)
These two patients had tumor recurrence at a site remote from the initial surgical bed that did not involve the original reconstruction flap. (ajnr.org)
This flap is most commonly used for glossectomy defects, orbital/maxillary defects, and (as a muscle-only flap) skull base reconstruction. (medscape.com)
The rectus flap provides excellent reconstruction of total glossectomy defects. (medscape.com)
It has been used extensively as both a pedicled and free flap for breast reconstruction. (medscape.com)
As a muscle-only flap, it has become indispensable for reconstruction following skull base surgery. (medscape.com)
Reconstruction following orbital exenteration and maxillectomy is also facilitated with a rectus flap. (medscape.com)
However, few data exist about the outcomes of secondary autologous reconstruction (i.e., free flap breast reconstruction) in this population. (thieme-connect.de)
The control cohort comprised patients who underwent planned primary delayed-immediate reconstruction (tissue expander followed by autologous flap) in 2018. (thieme-connect.de)
Two flap losses were identified in the secondary autologous reconstruction group while no flap losses were reported in the delayed-immediate reconstruction group ( p = 0.18). (thieme-connect.de)
Failure of primary IBR did not confer significantly higher risk of complications after secondary autologous flap reconstruction compared with primary delayed-immediate reconstruction. (thieme-connect.de)
Resource cost comparison of implant-based breast reconstruction versus TRAM flap breast reconstruction. (thieme-connect.de)
5 Lagares-Borrego A, Gacto-Sanchez P, Infante-Cossio P, Barrera-Pulido F, Sicilia-Castro D, Gomez-Cia T. A comparison of long-term cost and clinical outcomes between the two-stage sequence expander/prosthesis and autologous deep inferior epigastric flap methods for breast reconstruction in a public hospital. (thieme-connect.de)
Outcome analysis of expander/implant versus microsurgical abdominal flap breast reconstruction: a critical study of 254 cases. (thieme-connect.de)
When adequate mucosal tissue is not available, pharyngeal reconstruction with free flaps can be utilized. (speechbite.com)
We report the results of a review of our experience with radial forearm free flap (RFFF) reconstruction of extensive laryngopharyngectomy defects vs our institutional outcomes seen with primary closure. (speechbite.com)
Dr. Baker, a member of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center , would do the initial surgery to remove one or both breasts and directly following, Dr. Slack would do the reconstruction, which involves placing a tissue expander as a temporary implant during the mastectomy. (uclahealth.org)
Breast reconstruction surgery is either implant-based or tissue-based. (uclahealth.org)
Breast reconstruction can be done using an implant or tissue expander followed by placement of an implant. (epnet.com)
Breast reconstruction can also be done using a tissue flap taken from another part of the body. (epnet.com)
This 1-stage, immediate breast reconstruction procedure involves inserting a breast implant where the breast tissue was taken out. (epnet.com)
This type of reconstruction may provide an improved appearance of the breast without resorting to the use of skin and muscle tissue flaps. (epnet.com)
Two-stage reconstruction is done if your skin and chest wall tissues are tight and flat. (epnet.com)
More complicated types of breast reconstruction involve using muscle and skin flaps from the abdomen, back, or other parts of your body. (epnet.com)
Christopher McAndrew, MD , Washington University orthopedic trauma specialist at Barnes-Jewish Hospital , oversees bone stabilization and reconstruction, and works with orthopedic microvascular surgeons Brogan and Martin Boyer, MD , who specialize in soft tissue reconstruction, and Christopher Dy, MD , who focuses on nerve repair. (barnesjewish.org)
This includes complex excision, reconstruction with microvascular free tissue transfers and CyberKnife radiation technology. (wellstar.org)
In this study, we present an option of using one gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation for the simultaneous and combined reconstruction of smile and lagophthalmos. (go.jp)
The authors reviewed the outcomes of fingertip reconstruction, including sensation and shape, using the combined technique of the adipofascial cross-finger flap and glabrous skin graft and defined the optimal dimensions of fingertip defect that is applicable to this technique. (go.jp)
Between 2006 and 2016, 10 cases, aged 3-60 years (mean, 28.1 years), who had undergone fingertip reconstruction using a combination of the adipofascial cross-finger flap and glabrous skin graft were reviewed. (go.jp)
Tissue Flap ProceduresBreast reconstruction can also be done by using muscular flaps. (dermanetwork.org)
The other main technique of reconstruction uses flaps of tissue taken from elsewhere in the body, usually from the back or abdomen. (ruh.nhs.uk)
When compared to a reconstruction that is only composed of a silicone implant the advantage of using a tissue flap is that the surgeon can create a more realistic breast wound, one that has a more natural shape and feel. (ruh.nhs.uk)
The operation of mastectomy with a flap based reconstruction can take anywhere between 5 and 7 hours to perform. (ruh.nhs.uk)
This procedure is called the latissimus dorsi flap or LD flap and is probably the most frequently used tissue flap for breast reconstruction in the UK. (ruh.nhs.uk)
This free flap method, called microvascular reconstruction, carries around a 10-40% risk of wound complications, with 10% of cases requiring another surgery. (reachmd.com)
Currently, most surgeons use ultrasound to assess viability for free flap reconstruction with techniques known as doppler and skin paddle. (reachmd.com)
The team of researchers analyzed 19 patients who had successful free flap reconstruction, as well as five who had wound failure, at U-M Health between January 2016 to mid-2018. (reachmd.com)
I offer general plastic surgery including skin lesions surgery, late burns and hand reconstruction as well as non-micro surgical soft tissue reconstruction. (spirehealthcare.com)
Immediate left breast reconstruction was performed with an inferior pedicle island flap. (medscape.com)
Immediate reconstruction of a nipple-areola complex lumpectomy defect with a L-shaped medial inferior based skin paddle flap and contralateral reduction mammoplasty provides an excellent cosmetic outcome in patients with large, ptotic breasts and central defects following oncologic tumor resection. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Many techniques for nipple reconstruction have been well described, such as purse string closure local flaps, or tattooing. (medscape.com)
Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Susceptibility Should Be Offered before Unilateral Abdominally Based Free Flap Breast Reconstruction. (cdc.gov)

This is done to fill a defect such as a wound resulting from injury or surgery when the remaining tissue is unable to support a graft, or to rebuild more complex anatomic structures such as breast or jaw. (wikipedia.org)
On baseline postoperative images, 21 flaps showed moderate or intense enhancement of the muscular graft component relative to nonenhancing native muscle, three flaps showed mild enhancement, and three showed no enhancement. (ajnr.org)
We retrospectively reviewed our records to identify head and neck reconstructive flaps that were either purely or predominantly muscular, or those in which a significant component of the graft was muscular. (ajnr.org)
When used as donor grafts, hard palate tissue offers the advantages of an epithelial lining, minimal postoperative graft shrinkage, and ready availability compared to other donor sites/materials. (medscape.com)
The Great thinkers like Socrates and Aristotle were debating what kind of suture technique should be used after free gingival graft. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Epithelial-connective tissue graft was harvested from the palate with reduced dimension. (hindawi.com)
After deepithelialization, the graft was placed with a fibrin-fibronectin system at the maximum root coverage level, and the flap coronally advanced and sutured. (hindawi.com)
Among them, both coronally advanced flap (CAF) [ 8 - 10 ] and connective tissue graft (CTG) [ 11 - 15 ] have shown suitable and predictable results. (hindawi.com)
If tissue movement is insufficient for a flap, a graft may be required. (medscape.com)
Among the several techniques for this purpose is the laterally positioned flap, which has undergone some modifications since its first reports and is currently combined with other techniques such as subepithelial connective tissue graft. (bvsalud.org)
Since the area adjacent to the recession showed a good amount of attached gingiva and no interproximal bone loss, the surgical technique of choice was a laterally positioned flap associated with a subepithelial connective tissue graft. (bvsalud.org)
In 1987, Nelson 13 proposed the coverage of the connective graft by a laterally positioned flap. (bvsalud.org)
This author presented this technique as a bilaminar reconstructive technique because the recession would be cover by two tissue layers: connective tissue graft and LPF. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of an isolated gingival recession treated by subepithelial connective tissue graft associated with LPF. (bvsalud.org)

Flap surgery is a technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery where any type of tissue is lifted from a donor site and moved to a recipient site with an intact blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
Flap surgery is a technique essential to plastic and reconstructive surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Composite flaps used in reconstructive surgery may intra- and postoperatively suffer from hypoperfusion and/or ischemia-reperfusion influencing wound healing. (scielo.br)
BUSINESS WIRE )--In an effort to provide surgeons and nurses with an advanced tool to better monitor blood flow during free flap procedures, Cook Medical has launched the Doppler DP-M350 Blood Flow Monitor, a medical device at the forefront of transplant and reconstructive surgery. (businesswire.com)
When a patient with head and neck cancer has surgery to remove it, they often need reconstructive surgery in the form of a "free flap", which is skin and tissue taken from a different part of the body and connected to the blood vessels of the wound in need of repair. (reachmd.com)
I routinely perform breast augmentaion, reduction, breast lift, abdominoplasty in addition to providing care and management of patients requiring breast reconstructive surgery using various reconstructive options including micro vascular free-flaps, local flaps and implant based procedures. (spirehealthcare.com)
Knowledge of how blood perfusion is affected during and after reconstructive surgery is of great importance to predict the survival of grafts and flaps. (lu.se)
An adequate blood supply is important for the success of skin flap or free skin grafts in plastic reconstructive surgery, and oculoplastic surgeons must therefore have considerable knowledge on the perfusion in the periorbital area. (lu.se)

The fibula free flap is well suited to anterior arch defects. (medscape.com)
Included in this discussion of microvascular free flaps for soft-tissue defects is an examination of the oral and pharyngeal lining, the epithelial- line conduit between the oropharynx and esophagus, skull-base defects, total glossectomy defect, facial augmentation, external skin coverage, and muscle transfer. (elsevierpure.com)
Hayden, RE 1991, ' Microvascular free flaps for soft-tissue defects ', Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America , vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1343-1366. (elsevierpure.com)
The tongue flap is a hardy flap that is routinely utilized by oral and maxillofacial surgeons to cover intraoral defects. (allenpress.com)
The tongue flap is a pedicled soft-tissue flap that surgeons use for intraoral defects. (allenpress.com)
Free mini-flaps on tibial side of third toes were designed according to area and shape of defects, and the length and width of flaps were 0.1 to 0.2 cm longer than the length and width of the defects, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Skin and soft tissue defects of finger pulp at the end of finger repaired by free mini-flaps on tibial side of third toe are with good shape and slight damage to donor sites, and the operation is simple. (bvsalud.org)
complex acute fractures, and free flap surgery for soft tissue defects. (mayoclinic.org)
Myocutaneous flaps are used in head and neck tumor surgery for repairing surgical defects, restoring optimal function, and cosmesis. (ajnr.org)
For decades, the rectus abdominis flap has been used to reconstruct breast defects, primarily as a pedicled flap. (medscape.com)
The advent of microsurgical techniques has allowed this versatile flap to be transposed to repair soft tissue defects of the head and neck. (medscape.com)
Although not optimal for small or shallow defects, the rectus flap provides the reconstructive surgeon with an excellent option to reconstruct large defects. (medscape.com)
Head and neck defects often must be replaced with soft tissue and/or bone from other areas of the body. (medscape.com)
A free myocutaneous flap is the best option for reconstructing large soft tissue defects in difficult locations such as the orbit. (medscape.com)
3] As a myocutaneous flap, it is particularly suitable for reconstructing partial and total glossectomy defects (see the image below). (medscape.com)
We show that the free fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap is useful in reconstructing significant metatarsal bone defects and in avoiding amputations in this patient population. (japmaonline.org)
Secondary motion includes the response of the surrounding tissue to the motion of the flap and to the closure of the primary and secondary defects. (medscape.com)

The transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap procedure takes tissue and muscle from the lower abdomen and creates a breast shape. (epnet.com)
Under the skin, TRAM flaps stay attached to their original blood supply in the abdomen. (healthline.com)
Like a TRAM flap, the tissue for the DIEP flap comes from your abdomen. (healthline.com)
Unlike a TRAM flap, no muscle tissue is transferred, and surgeons will need to attach the transferred tissue to the blood supply in the chest using microvascular surgical techniques. (healthline.com)

Skin grafts and muscle flaps may also be used. (oncolink.org)
Success-the preservation of a damaged limb-depends on ensuring that good blood supply continually flows into the damaged area, which keeps alive the tissue grafts that are placed to cover a wound. (barnesjewish.org)
The options range from simple side-to-side closure to more complex closures that use skin flaps and grafts. (medscape.com)
Wounds that involve exposed bone, cartilage, or tendon or wounds in poorly vascularized areas that cannot support grafts may require a flap. (medscape.com)
However, LSCI is hampered by movement artifacts, and does not inform about the oxygenation in the tissue, which is crucial for the survival of flaps and grafts. (lu.se)

The study population included 20 myocutaneous free flaps (19 rectus abdominis muscle and one latissimus dorsi free flap), and seven pedicled rotation flaps (five temporalis, one pectoralis major, and one trapezius muscle rotation flaps). (ajnr.org)
The pectoralis major flap, with which otolaryngologists are very familiar, has a short pedicle and, therefore, limited reach. (medscape.com)

Smaller Diameter Anastomotic Coupling Devices Have Higher Rates of Venous Thrombosis in Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer. (uthsc.edu)
Head and neck reconstructive surgeries involving microvascular free tissue transfer (free flap) poses a major challenge in achieving a good cosmetic and functional outcome. (alliedacademies.org)

Microvascular free flaps have the advantage of providing healthy, vascularized, non-irradiated tissue for recipient sites that may have been compromised by surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of the three. (medscape.com)
The main goal of a flap is to maintain blood flow to tissue to maintain survival and understanding the anatomy in flap design is key to a successful flap and surgery. (wikipedia.org)
This robust and redundant blood supply is important in flap surgery. (wikipedia.org)
ACS is an unexpected complication after fibula flap harvest since the three compartments of the leg are opened during surgery. (nih.gov)
Effect of short-term ischemia on microcirculation and wound healing of adipocutaneous flaps in the rat 1 1 Research performed at Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary. (scielo.br)
Review: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in flap surgery. (scielo.br)
The duration of disease-free follow-up after surgery was 7 to 79 months (mean, 24.5 months). (ajnr.org)
Free tissue transfer" or "free flap" surgery replaces cancerous tissues with your own healthy tissues. (uwhealth.org)
Cook's Doppler DP-M350 Blood Flow Monitor has the ability to detect changes in blood flow immediately following transplant and reconstructive surgeries so a surgeon can intervene before free flap failure," said Andy Cron, vice president of Cook Medical's Surgery business unit. (businesswire.com)
The ability to identify a blood flow problem quickly is important because there is a short critical window of time during which the surgeon can salvage a struggling free tissue transfer," said Dr. Michael Gimbel, an assistant professor of surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. (businesswire.com)
Headed by Petros Konofaos, MD, PhD, plastic surgery research is diversified in all areas, from basic and translational clinical research in wound healing, flap surgery, nerve grafting to facial reanimation and cleft palate management. (uthsc.edu)
The bone flap is usually placed back at the end of the surgery, using small titanium plates to hold it in place. (medlineplus.gov)
The bone flap may not be put back if your surgery involved a tumor or an infection, or if the brain was swollen. (medlineplus.gov)
With tissue-based surgery, the entire breast can be made using excess tissue found on the body - often around the waist. (uclahealth.org)
Graham patch surgery involves a doctor plugging the perforation with a free omental plug. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cellan-Jones repair surgery involves surgeons closing the perforation with sutures and then covering the repair with a flap that the omentum forms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The work of reconstructing-or salvaging-a limb is not new, but advanced options for bone fixation (using rods, screws, pins, plates and other stabilizers) coupled with advances in microvascular surgery for the repair of soft tissue and nerve injury have dramatically improved outcomes for patients. (barnesjewish.org)
The aim of breast reduction surgery is to remove the excess fat, breast tissue and skin. (dermanetwork.org)
The doctors at Key-Whitman use the Wavelight® Allegretto Wave® Eye-Q for OptiLASIK™ and femtosecond blade-free lasers to perform LASIK eye surgery. (keywhitman.com)
If you have been diagnosed with farsightedness, nearsightedness or any other refractive error in your vision and use prescribed eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct your vision, contact Key-Whitman for a free consultation to determine if you are a candidate for LASIK eye surgery. (keywhitman.com)
The U-M Head and Neck Oncology Program performs approximately 300 free flaps a year, with each of these patients staying approximately one week in the hospital after surgery. (reachmd.com)
Following recovery from these complex tissue transfers (commonly referred to as "microvascular free flaps"), patients are reevaluated by our prosthodontics and dentistry specialists - who they have typically met prior to surgery - and partial dentures or dental implants can be fitted from pre-surgical dental impressions. (clevelandclinic.org)

The numerous advantages of this technique include stable wound coverage, improved aesthetic and functional outcomes, minimal donor site morbidity, and the ability to utilize vascularized tissue from remote parts of the body that are outside the zone of injury (trauma, malignancy, infection, irradiation, etc). (medscape.com)
Donor site morbidity for free fibula osteofasciocutaneous flaps has rarely been reported in the literature. (nih.gov)
Surgeons usually use ectopic conduit tissues including stomach and intestine, presumably inducing donor site morbidity and severe complications. (nature.com)

A pedicle flap remains attached to the original blood supply under the skin from the abdomen. (epnet.com)

Cutaneous Flap. (clevelandclinic.org)
Groin cutaneous free tissue flap using the epigastric vessels as the pedicle. (clevelandclinic.org)
therefore, a cutaneous free flap without muscle cannot be harvested. (medscape.com)
Three types of cutaneous flaps are used: advancement, rotation, and transposition. (medscape.com)

The pedicled latissimus dorsi flap has a long pedicle and can often reach the vertex but can be quite bulky and requires patient repositioning for harvest. (medscape.com)
At the RUH we modify this approach to perform what is called an extended latissimus dorsi flap operation. (ruh.nhs.uk)

This is the least complex type of flap and includes advancement flaps, rotation flaps, and transposition flaps, in order from least to most complex. (wikipedia.org)
Advancement, rotation, and transposition flaps should all be considered. (medscape.com)

A systematic approach to choosing the appropriate form of soft tissue coverage for a wound defect, commonly referred to as the "reconstructive ladder," was popularized by Mathes and Nahai in 1982. (medscape.com)
Free tissue transfer is defined as the vascular dissection and detachment of an isolated and specific region of the body (eg, skin, fat, muscle, bone) and transfer of said tissue to another region of the body, with anastomosis of the divided artery and vein to a separate artery and vein located at the site of the defect. (medscape.com)
A defect in the head and neck that involves a large amount of soft tissue and a long segment of bone increases the functional impact on speech and swallowing. (medscape.com)
If, predominantly, bone is missing, accompanied by only a small soft tissue defect in which sensation and mobility are not likely an issue, the use of an iliac crest or fibular flap may be the best reconstructive option. (medscape.com)
For the most difficult situation, which is a significant defect of both components, one option is to use 2 free flaps, such as a sensate RFFF for the soft tissue and an iliac crest free flap for the bone. (medscape.com)
This technique was used as a salvage procedure for an anterior maxillary soft tissue defect after multiple local soft tissue procedures were attempted and failed. (allenpress.com)
Soft tissue defect with implants in place. (allenpress.com)
The flap was raised and noted to be of adequate size to reach and cover the maxillary defect. (allenpress.com)
Local flaps Local flaps are created by freeing a layer of tissue and then stretching the freed layer to fill a defect. (wikipedia.org)
The more complex transposition flap involves rotating an adjacent piece of tissue, resulting in the creation of a new defect that must then be closed. (wikipedia.org)
Regional or interpolation flaps are not immediately adjacent to the defect. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, the freed tissue "island" is moved over or underneath normal tissue to reach the defect to be filled, with the blood supply still connected to the donor site via a pedicle. (wikipedia.org)
Distant flaps are used when the donor site is far from the defect. (wikipedia.org)
Effects of free mini-flap on tibial side of third toe on repairing skin and soft tissue defect of finger pulp at the end of finger]. (bvsalud.org)
To investigate the effects of free mini-flap on tibial side of third toe on repairing skin and soft tissue defect of finger pulp at the end of finger . (bvsalud.org)
From August 2013 to May 2017, 18 patients with skin and soft tissue defect of finger pulp at the end of finger were admitted to our unit, with 12 men and 6 women aged 16 to 54 years. (bvsalud.org)
As the skin and soft tissue defect sites, there were 3 cases of thumb , 8 cases of index finger , 4 cases of middle finger , and 3 cases of ring finger . (bvsalud.org)
Significant loss of soft tissue requires flaps of sufficient bulk to adequately reconstruct the defect. (medscape.com)
Proper flap design and tailoring of the flap to fit a certain tissue defect result in optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes. (medscape.com)
The muscle can be skin-grafted if the subcutaneous tissue is excessive for the defect size. (medscape.com)
In both cases, a vascularized free fibular osteocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the metatarsal bone defect and traumatized soft tissues so that a proximal amputation was avoided. (japmaonline.org)
Locating and assessing donor skin can be accomplished by gently pinching tissue in multiple directions around the defect. (medscape.com)
Primary motion is movement of the flap into the surgical or primary defect. (medscape.com)
The defect created by the flap movement creates a secondary defect. (medscape.com)
The objective of any flap is to close the primary defect, while minimizing the size of the secondary defect. (medscape.com)
In advancement flaps, the primary motion is in a straight line from the donor site to the primary defect, while the secondary motion occurs in the opposite direction. (medscape.com)
An additional 30 g of breast tissue was excised laterally for contour, and the neo-nipple-areola complex was rotated into the defect to facilitate inverted-T closure. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] All these techniques involve a deepithelialized flap, with creation of a circular skin island to replace the NAC defect. (medscape.com)

The bone available as part of the flap is limited in length and caliber. (medscape.com)
Most reports describe that the optimal length of the harvested radial bone segment is 6-12 cm.[4] Significantly longer segments can be transplanted as part of the fibular osteocutaneous free flap. (medscape.com)
The authors believe that a better option is a single microvascular procedure, which has ideal soft tissue characteristics and provides enough bone to reconstruct the mandible and minimize complications. (medscape.com)
Sir Harold Gillies Flaps can contain many different combination of layers of tissue, from skin to bone (see classification section). (wikipedia.org)
An angiosome is a three-dimensional region of tissue that is supplied by a single artery and can include skin, soft tissue, and bone. (wikipedia.org)
An artery, vein, and soft tissue will also be removed with the bone. (mskcc.org)
The surgeon uses a high speed saw to cut a portion of the bone (a bone flap) to access the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
The bone flap may be put back during a future operation. (medlineplus.gov)
Severely comminuted fractures of the metatarsal bones with significant bone and soft-tissue loss have commonly subjected patients to proximal amputation procedures. (japmaonline.org)
The skin component of the flap may be used to fill soft-tissue losses, and the fibula bone may be osteotomized so that more than one ray may be reconstructed. (japmaonline.org)
However, it may also be due to damage from prior radiation treatment, necrosis (localized tissue death) of the jaw bone resulting from medicines for osteoporosis, congenital deformities, or trauma. (clevelandclinic.org)
Several factors account for this unpleasant and unaesthetic effect: trauma due to toothbrushing or other traumas on gingival tissue, lack of attached gingiva, gingival inflammation, local iatrogenic factors, anomalous insertions of bridles, altered tooth positioning, shallow vestibule, thin bone cortical or presence of bone fenestrations and dehiscences 6 . (bvsalud.org)
this can consequently lead to the exposure of the donor area's bone tissue. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the receptor area will receive a mucoperiosteal flap, at the same time that, the donor area will be covered by tissues of the partial flap, avoiding bone cortical exposure to oral environment. (bvsalud.org)

This microsurgical process, called DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator) flap, has been in use for about a decade. (uclahealth.org)

Twenty were free flaps and seven were pedicled rotation flaps, and a dominant component of all flaps was muscle. (ajnr.org)

Although the RFFF is most commonly harvested as a fasciocutaneous flap, perforators to the radius allow it to be developed as an osteocutaneous flap. (medscape.com)
Generally, fistula refers to a communicating track between two epithelial surfaces, commonly between a hollow viscus and the skin (external fistula) or between two hollow viscera (internal fistula), lined with granulation tissue which is subsequently epithelized [ 6 , 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
While it can occur in any location in the body, angiosarcoma is most commonly found in the skin and soft tissues. (medscape.com)

Multiple attempts at soft-tissue closure were made utilizing: buccal advancement flaps, a palatal rotational flap, and acellular dermis coverage. (allenpress.com)
With an advancement flap, incisions are extended out parallel from the wound, creating a rectangle with one edge remaining intact. (wikipedia.org)
Indications, techniques, and complications of advancement flaps are discussed in this article. (medscape.com)
The focus of this article is advancement flaps. (medscape.com)
A-PRF was carefully adapted through the pinhole and packed properly in the test group until the advancement was stabilized and sufficient fullness in the papillary tissues was created for self-holding the mucogingival tissue. (who.int)

A free flap is completely cut away from its original location and reattached to blood vessels in the chest area using microsurgery. (epnet.com)

Laser Doppler (LD) fluxmetry and temperature probes were applied on the cranial, central and caudal flap regions before/after preparation and ischemia, re-suturing, and on the 1st-3rd-5th-7th-14th postoperative days, before the final examinations and biopsies for histology. (scielo.br)
Klarik Z, Tamas R, Toth E, Kiss F, Kovacs EL, Jäckel M, Furka I, Nemeth N. Intra and postoperative evaluations of microcirculation and micro-rheological parameters in a rat model of musculocutaneous flap ischemia-reperfusion. (scielo.br)
Intra- and postoperative monitoring of flap microcirculation may provide useful information for better understanding and following-up the ischemia-reperfusion-related alterations in tissue perfusion 6 6. (scielo.br)
Radiologists should be familiar with the typical postoperative appearance of predominantly muscular flaps to avoid misdiagnosis as tumor extension or recurrence. (ajnr.org)
For the radiologist, postoperative imaging evaluation of these flaps can be challenging. (ajnr.org)
From these, we evaluated a total of 80 postoperative MR examinations in 25 patients with 27 predominantly muscular myocutaneous flaps. (ajnr.org)
A Michigan Medicine study finds that early postoperative CT scans and MRIs can help predict whether a flap will fail, which could allow surgeons to intervene earlier. (reachmd.com)

A gingival elevator was inserted through the pinhole used for blunt dissection and raised a mucoperiosteal flap. (who.int)

This is called a fibula free flap (see Figure 1). (mskcc.org)

The latter portion of this procedure ensures the perfusion and drainage, and ultimately the survival, of the flap. (medscape.com)
The flap is relatively easy to harvest and can be dissected at the same time as the extirpative procedure. (medscape.com)
During the LASIK procedure, a thin flap in the cornea is created using a laser and is gently lifted and folded back. (keywhitman.com)
All patients who have this procedure can be investigated with non-invasive post-operative CT or MRI perfusion, and these two methods show a lot of promise as accurate biomarkers of predicting free flap viability," said Ashok Srinivasan, M.D., FACR , senior author of the paper and neuroradiologist at University of Michigan Health. (reachmd.com)
Radiologists have used CT and MRI perfusion with contrast to look at blood perfusion in brain imaging for a stroke or tumor, but no studies have used them to look at free flaps early after a procedure. (reachmd.com)

Flaps have many uses in wound healing and are used when wounds are large, complex, or need tissue and bulk for successful closure. (wikipedia.org)
This rectangle is freed from the deeper tissues and then stretched (or advanced) forward to cover the wound. (wikipedia.org)
We aimed to follow-up the effect of ischemia on adipocutaneous flaps' wound healing and microcirculation. (scielo.br)
Histologically normal wound healing process was seen, except for some I/R flaps, where hypertrophized mammary glands were found. (scielo.br)
Short-term ischemia could influence flap microcirculation and wound healing, and may result in hypertrophized mammary glands. (scielo.br)
Wound healing and physiology of skin flaps. (scielo.br)
The choice of closure technique depends on the patient, the type of tumor, the location of the wound, and the local tissue characteristics and availability. (medscape.com)

The purpose of this study was to assess perfusion in a free skin flap model using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU), and to determine if the extent of perfusion early after venous occlusion predicted long-term flap survival. (uky.edu)
Perfusion was assessed in an autologous abdominal skin flap and adjacent healthy skin in rats using CEU imaging before venous occlusion and following reflow. (uky.edu)
Perfusion assessment was possible in all flaps and quantitative measurements of microvascular blood volume (BV) and blood velocity were expressed as a ratio to that in the healthy skin. (uky.edu)
Qualitative assessment of perfusion by a 'blinded' observer correlated well with quantitative data and predicted flap outcome in all cases. (uky.edu)
Perfusion 18 h following a secondary ischemic insult in a free flap accurately predicts subsequent tissue survival in this model. (uky.edu)
3. Mücke T, Rau A, Merezas A, Loeffelbein DJ, Wagenpfeil S, Mitchell DA, Wolff KD, Steiner T. Identification of perioperative risk factor by laser-doppler spectroscopy after free flap perfusion in the head and neck: a prospective clinical study. (scielo.br)
However, the clinical rules of thumb concerning the design of flaps are mostly based on empirical observations and beliefs, rather than actual knowledge of blood perfusion. (lu.se)

and 5) autologous tissue composite. (ersjournals.com)
Currently, an autologous tissue composite, with or without a tracheal allograft, is the only long-term working solution for every aetiology, despite its technical complexity and setbacks. (ersjournals.com)

Rectus abdominis free tissue transfer allows for transfer of a large vascularized segment of skin and muscle from the abdominal wall to its intended recipient site. (medscape.com)
If free perforation occurs, bowel contents leak freely through the perforation into the abdominal cavity, which leads to an infection known as peritonitis . (medicalnewstoday.com)

Skin is important for many reasons, but namely its role in thermoregulation, immune function, and blood supply aid in flap survival. (wikipedia.org)
The survival of flaps after operation and the follow-up of patients were observed. (bvsalud.org)

Since the introduction of free tissue transfer in the 1960s, the success rate has improved substantially, currently being 95-99% among experienced surgeons. (medscape.com)

Based on this suggested technique, we developed a bioprinted 3D esophageal structure with multi-layered features and converged with biochemical microenvironmental cues of esophageal tissue by using decellularizedbioinks from mucosal and muscular layers of native esophageal tissues. (nature.com)
Human esophageal tissue consists of the mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layers. (nature.com)
The purpose of this study was to characterize the MR imaging findings of the muscular component of these flaps, with an emphasis on enhancement patterns. (ajnr.org)
Ninety-three percent of our muscular flap components showed striations typical of normal muscle and were best identified on T1-weighted images. (ajnr.org)
Most muscular flap components show moderate or intense enhancement on fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced MR images that may persist for many months and be quite striking. (ajnr.org)
Our study describes the MR imaging features of the muscular component of myocutaneous flaps. (ajnr.org)

Refinements in mandibular reconstructions have led to the use of the free fibular flap, which results in improved appearance and function of the neomandible (see the image below). (medscape.com)

At 3-year follow-up control, the free gingival margin was still stable at the postsurgery position, with a thicker biotype corresponding to the grafted area, with no probing and a suitable aesthetic result. (hindawi.com)
Gingival recession consists in the apical shift of the free gingival margin with the consequent exposure of the cementum enamel junction and the root surface [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Laterally positioned flap (LPF) is indicated to cover gingival recessions of one or more teeth, allowing better aesthetic, increasing attached gingiva, decreasing both hypersensitivity and cervical caries. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical measurements of plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), and gingival thickness (GT) were evaluated at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. (who.int)

Two patients each underwent two surgical procedures with two separate flap reconstructions. (ajnr.org)
Introduction: The use of MRI scans for pre-operative surgical planning of forearm osteotomies provides additional information of joint cartilage and soft tissue structures and reduces radiation exposure in comparison with the use of CT scans. (researchgate.net)
In addition, patients' aesthetic concerns, and their perception, have currently increased, and different surgical techniques have been developed to reach root coverage (complete when is possible) and to increase keratinized marginal soft tissue [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
By seeing how much blood is flowing in and out of the tissue, we may be able to predict if the flap will succeed and if the patient can be discharged earlier, or it may be able to tell us sooner that surgical intervention is needed to repair the flap. (reachmd.com)
Spectroscopic techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy, as well as pulse oximetry, is the most common technique used to monitor oxygenation non-invasively, but hitherto lack the spatial resolution needed to identify heterogeneous tissue oxygenation for mapping e.g. a reconstructive surgical area. (lu.se)
The number of strips used was determined by the material required to secure the flap in the desired position and hold it in place without using sutures, surgical dressings, or tissue adhesive. (who.int)

When Marisa Hall celebrated five years cancer-free in September 2022, she decided to treat herself by getting a breast augmentation. (uclahealth.org)
Sometimes, it's possible to rebuild your breast using tissue from other parts of your body - typically the buttocks, back, abdomen, or thighs. (healthline.com)
This tissue is reshaped to form the new breast. (ruh.nhs.uk)
Some of the skin in the flap from the back can be used to form some of the new skin of the reconstructed breast whilst the muscle and the fat is used to form the volume of the breast. (ruh.nhs.uk)
Usually a type of silicone implant is placed under the flap to try and make the new breast a similar size to the other one. (ruh.nhs.uk)
Our technique involved a deepithelialized L-shaped medial inferior based flap with removal of lateral breast tissue after central lumpectomy with a contralateral Wise-pattern mastopexy with inferior pedicle for symmetry. (medscape.com)
A standard Wise-pattern mastopexy with inferior pedicle was then performed on the right breast and an additional 205 g of tissue was removed for symmetry. (medscape.com)
Volume replacement techniques, such as the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and the AICAP flap, are preferable in patients with smaller, nonptotic breasts, [ 1 , 7-9 ] whereas patients with large ptotic breast are favorable for volume displacement techniques. (medscape.com)

For more information on various flap procedures, see Flaps . (medscape.com)
We often use laser for these procedures, which may allow us to remove less tissue than we would otherwise. (uwhealth.org)
These techniques are known as tissue flap procedures. (healthline.com)

In this article, we describe use of a tongue flap in the closure of a chronic anterior maxillary dehiscence and to provide keratinized soft tissue coverage for anterior dental implants. (allenpress.com)
Harvest-site closure, leaving the base tension free. (allenpress.com)
Double-layer closure of flap to anterior maxilla with use of intermaxillary fixation screws. (allenpress.com)
The gracilis for functioning free muscle transplantation was split into three portions, namely the upper gracilis was used for smile, the lower gracilis was used for eye closure, and the central gracilis was used for maintenance of vasculature. (go.jp)
The design was to adopt one muscle with two functioning free muscle transplantations for two functions, i.e., smile and eye closure. (go.jp)
The first issues to address when choosing a reconstructive approach are to decide if a skin flap has any advantages over a side-to-side closure and to consider other closure options, such as secondary intention healing or skin grafting. (medscape.com)
However, a flap should be considered if excessive tension or anatomical distortion is present or if cosmetic units or relaxed skin tension lines will be breached by a fusiform closure. (medscape.com)

Complexity may range from a random pattern skin flap based on a subdermal plexus to a fascio-osteocutaneous free flap supplied by a known arterial perforator. (medscape.com)

The flap is disconnected from the body except for the uncut edge which contains the blood supply which feeds in horizontally. (wikipedia.org)
The flap was then coronally and horizontally extended to allow the elevation of two adjacent papillae on each side of the denuded root. (who.int)

The rectus abdominis flap is favored for this application because of its ease of harvest and reliability. (medscape.com)

A tissue expander (temporary implant) is slipped under the skin, and the skin is closed. (epnet.com)
Others will replace the tissue expander with a saline or silicone gel implant. (epnet.com)

1] The flap provides healthy muscle, with or without a skin paddle, that can be used to replace soft tissue bulk. (medscape.com)
This pilot research shows us that these models work, as all areas of the flap can be assessed using CT and MRI, unlike doppler and skin paddle where some areas may be blind to evaluation," said Yoshiaki Ota, M.D., lead author of the paper and a neuroradiology fellow at University of Michigan Health. (reachmd.com)

Anatomy7

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes1

Information Science1

Reconstruction58

Graft14

Reconstructive surgery8

Defects17

TRAM4

Grafts5

Pectoralis major2

Microvascular Free Tissue T2

Surgery22

Site morbidity3

Pedicle flap1

Cutaneous4

Latissimus dorsi flap2

Transposition flaps2

Defect28

Bone14

Deep inferior epigastric1

Rotation flaps1

Commonly3

Advancement5

Microsurgery1

Postoperative7

Mucoperiosteal flap1

Fibula free1

Procedure5

Wound7

Perfusion7

Autologous2

Abdominal2

Survival2

Surgeons1

Muscular6

Mandibular1

Gingival4

Surgical6

Breast8

Procedures3

Closure7

Perforator1

Horizontally2

Rectus abdominis1

Expander2

Skin paddle2