MethotrexatePyrimethamineSupplementationLeucovorinDihydrofolate reductaseMegaloblastic anemiaPurineAntidoteDerivativeFolinicChemotherapeuticPyrimidineAntimetaboliteSynthesisNucleic acidDeficiencyTetrahydrofolic acidMetabolismPericonceptionalSulfonamideDrugsAmino acidsPreventionInterferesConsumptionVitaminsNeuralEffectsTreatmentCalciumMetabolicTreatWorksFormationDailyHighCarbon
Methotrexate12
- Used to diminish the toxicity and counteract the effects of impaired methotrexate elimination and of inadvertent overdosages of folic acid antagonists, and to treat megaloblastic anemias due to folic acid deficiency. (pharmacycode.com)
- Administration of leucovorin can counteract the therapeutic and toxic effects of folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate, which act by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase. (pharmacycode.com)
- GC has a special place in cancer history, as it was the first condition successfully treated by chemotherapy when in 1958 Roy Hertz and Min Chiu Li at the National Institute of Health, Maryland developed the use of the folic acid inhibitor, methotrexate with great success (8, 9). (ibms.org)
- Two years later, research authored by Wright establishes the efficacy of methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, in treating breast cancer. (aafp.org)
- It was a smashing success, but much is owed to timing: In 1955, seven years after Sidney Farber published his groundbreaking NEJM paper outlining success against leukemia using a folic acid antagonist called methotrexate, the US Congress established the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. (lymphomainfo.net)
- Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
- Calcium folinate is often used to reduce toxicity and neutralize the action of folic acid antagonists, such as methotrexate. (lekarstwo.ru)
- Methotrexate inhibits folic acid reductase which is respon. (illumina.com)
- Methotrexate inhibits folic acid reductase which is responsible for the conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid. (illumina.com)
- Methotrexate looks a lot like folic acid to the enzyme, so it binds to it quite strongly and inhibits the enzyme. (illumina.com)
- Folinic Acid should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. (doctlab.com)
- Does daily folic acid supplementation reduce methotrexate efficacy? (jofskin.org)
Pyrimethamine6
- Pyrimethamine is classified as a folic acid antagonist. (wikipedia.org)
- Pyrimethamine is typically given with a sulfonamide and folinic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Pyrimethamine interferes with the regeneration of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolate by competitively inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
- Hence, sulfonamides work synergistically with pyrimethamine by blocking a different enzyme needed for folic acid synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Pyrimethamine is a folic acid antagonist and can cause dose-related suppression of the bone marrow, which is mitigated by concurrent administration of folinic acid (leucovorin). (cdc.gov)
- Increased risk of hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients with concomitant trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, other folic acid antagonists (eg, pyrimethamine), anticonvulsants, rifampin, St. John's wort. (renalandurologynews.com)
Supplementation3
- Objective To determine the efficacy of high dose folic acid supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia in women with at least one risk factor: pre-existing hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes (type 1 or 2), twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or body mass index ≥35. (bmj.com)
- Periconceptional folic acid supplementation has been shown to decrease the risk of NTDs. (who.int)
- 23,24 Folic acid supplementation one month prior and three months post conception is recommended to reduce the risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy. (who.int)
Leucovorin5
- Leucovorin is one of several active, chemically reduced derivatives of folic acid. (pharmacycode.com)
- Leucovorin is a mixture of the diastereoisomers of the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF). (pharmacycode.com)
- Excessive amounts of leucovorin may nullify the chemotherapeutic effect of folic acid antagonists. (pharmacycode.com)
- Folinic acid (leucovorin) is a folic acid derivative converted to tetrahydrofolate, the primary active form of folic acid, in vivo, without relying on dihydrofolate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
- Each Folicid 10 mg/ml film-coated Injection contains Leucovorin Calcium USP equivalent to Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) 5 mg. (doctlab.com)
Dihydrofolate reductase1
- megaloblastic anemia caused by a deficiency of folic acid (including against the background of malabsorption syndrome, malnutrition, pregnancy, sprue, in early childhood with congenital insufficiency of dihydrofolate reductase). (lekarstwo.ru)
Megaloblastic anemia2
- It is indicated for the reduction of cytotoxicity when used in combination with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colorectal cancer and for the treatment of megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency when folic acid cannot be replaced orally. (janusinfo.se)
- Folinic Acid treatment may mask pernicious anemia and other Megaloblastic anemia. (doctlab.com)
Purine4
- The 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) became the first purine antagonist to be useful in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. (cuny.edu)
- She elucidated some alterations in metabolic pathways that led to resistance to the purine antagonists. (cuny.edu)
- Her 1954 paper that quantified the synergistic effects of purine antagonists with pyrimidine and folic acid antagonists has become a classic in the field. (cuny.edu)
- An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. (bvsalud.org)
Antidote1
- It is useful as an antidote to drugs which act as folic acid antagonists. (pharmacycode.com)
Derivative1
- A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. (curehunter.com)
Folinic10
- The biologically active compound of the mixture is the (-)-l-isomer, known as Citrovorum factor or (-)-folinic acid. (pharmacycode.com)
- Using the model it was found that: (1) a particular small set of folate intermediates are overrepresented, (2) inhibitory profiles can be quantified by the level of key folate products, (3) using the model to scan for the most effective combinatorial inhibitions of folate enzymes we identified specific targets which could complement current antifolates, and (4) the model substantiates the case for a substrate cycle in the folinic acid biosynthesis reaction. (nih.gov)
- Folinic acid reduces side effects related to folate deficiency in the patient. (wikipedia.org)
- 1 ml of solution contains calcium folinate equivalent to 10 mg of folinic acid as active ingredient. (janusinfo.se)
- It is a restored form of folinic acid and a necessary coenzyme for the synthesis of nucleic acids in cytotoxic therapy. (lekarstwo.ru)
- Calcium Folinate is a Calcium Salt of Folinic Acid (citrovorum factor), an active metabolite of Folic Acid , and an essential co-enzyme for nucleic synthesis used in Cytotoxic therapy. (doctlab.com)
- Known hypersensitivity to Folinic Acid or any components of the product formulation. (doctlab.com)
- As many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Folinic Acid is administered to a nursing mother. (doctlab.com)
- Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic Acid. (doctlab.com)
- There have been no reported sequelae in patients who have received significantly more Folinic Acid than the recommended dosage. (doctlab.com)
Chemotherapeutic1
- However, excessive amounts of Calcium Folinate may nullify the chemotherapeutic effect of Folic Acid antagonists. (doctlab.com)
Pyrimidine1
- and cytosine arabinoside and gemcitabine (pyrimidine antagonists). (vin.com)
Antimetabolite1
- Another useful antimetabolite is L-asparaginase, an enzyme that inhibits lymphoma cells with an absolute requirement for the pre-formed amino acid asparagine. (vin.com)
Synthesis6
- Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis in many species, including protozoa. (wikipedia.org)
- Sulfonamides (e.g. sulfadiazine) inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase, an enzyme that participates in folic acid synthesis from para-aminobenzoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- At two stages in the biosynthesis of purines and at one stage in the synthesis of pyrimidines, one-carbon transfer reactions occur which require specific coenzymes synthesized in the cell from tetrahydrofolic acid. (illumina.com)
- Thus, DNA synthesis cannot proceed because the coenzymes needed for one-carbon transfer reactions are not produced from tetrahydrofolic acid because there is no tetrahydrofolic acid. (illumina.com)
- The synthesis of the antifolate 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (DDATHF) has been modified. (johnshopkins.edu)
- The synthesis proceeds via a sodium hydride promoted Wittig condensation in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone followed by catalytic reduction, mild base hydrolysis, and acid precipitation of the product. (johnshopkins.edu)
Nucleic acid2
- It is also used to form the nucleic acid of DNA and RNA. (encyclopedia.com)
- The most interesting opening was at Burroughs Wellcome, where biochemist George Hitchings was trying to make antagonists to nucleic acid derivatives. (cuny.edu)
Deficiency4
- A deficiency of folic acid may lead to anemia, in which there is decreased production of red blood cells. (encyclopedia.com)
- During pregnancy, a folic acid deficiency may lead to preeclampsia, premature birth, and increased bleeding after birth. (encyclopedia.com)
- To correct a folic acid deficiency, supplements are taken in addition to food. (encyclopedia.com)
- Using large amounts of folic acid (e.g., over 5,000 mcg per day) can mask a vitamin B 12 deficiency and thereby risk of irreversible nerve damage. (encyclopedia.com)
Tetrahydrofolic acid1
- Tetrahydrofolic acid itself is synthesized in the cell from folic acid with the help of an enzyme, folic acid reductase. (illumina.com)
Metabolism2
- It works by inhibiting folic acid metabolism and therefore the making of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Cori shares the award with her husband, Carl, and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen - a process known as the Cori cycle, or lactic acid cycle, which plays a crucial role in metabolism. (aafp.org)
Periconceptional1
- Maternal folic acid (FA) ingestion during the periconceptional period has been found to decrease the risk of giving birth to an infant with a NTD [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (cdc.gov)
Sulfonamide1
- One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. (drugcentral.org)
Drugs1
- folic acid antagonist drugs. (freezingblue.com)
Amino acids2
- the alpha sub unit structure is common to other gonadotropins, for example luteinising hormone, but the beta sub unit of 145 amino acids is unique to hCG. (ibms.org)
- L-asparaginase starves cancer cells without affecting normal cells, which are capable of making asparagine from other amino acids, whereas the lymphoma cells generally cannot. (vin.com)
Prevention1
- Adequate intake of folic acid is vital for the prevention of several types of birth defects , particularly NTDs. (encyclopedia.com)
Interferes1
- block formation folic acid in bacterial cells interferes ability of some bacteria to grow and reproduce. (freezingblue.com)
Consumption1
- Daily consumption of 1,000 mcg of folic acid for three or more months has resulted in improved cervical cells upon repeat Pap smears. (encyclopedia.com)
Vitamins1
- Folic acid, together with vitamins B 6 and B 12 , helps break down homocysteine, and may help reverse the problems associated with elevated levels. (encyclopedia.com)
Neural1
- In 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) required food manufacturers to add folic acid to enriched bread and grain products to boost intake and to help prevent neural tube defects (NTD). (encyclopedia.com)
Effects1
- To diminish the toxicity and counteract the effects of overdosage of Folic Acid antagonists. (doctlab.com)
Treatment1
- Pityriasis rubra pilaris: treatment with folic acid antagonists. (jofskin.org)
Calcium4
- Calcium folinate and folate antagonists are carried by the same transport agents and compete for each other for transport to the cell, which causes an outflow of folate antagonists. (lekarstwo.ru)
- Calcium folinate serves as a source of H4 folate, so it can bypass the block of folate antagonists and provide a source for various coenzyme forms as folic acid. (lekarstwo.ru)
- The main metabolite of calcium folinata is 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, which is mainly formed in the mucosa of the intestine and liver. (lekarstwo.ru)
- If administered orally, 200 mg calcium folinate 20% is excreted with urine in the first 24 hours (5- and 10-formyltetrahydrofolates as inactive metabolites), 16% in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. (lekarstwo.ru)
Metabolic1
- Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disturbance observed in hospitalized patients, accounting for approximately 50% of all acid-base disorders. (drsircus.com)
Treat1
- Research shows that folic acid can be used to successfully treat cervical dysplasia, a condition diagnosed by a Pap smear, of having abnormal cells in the cervix. (encyclopedia.com)
Works1
- Folic acid works together with vitamin B 12 and vitamin C to metabolize protein in the body. (encyclopedia.com)
Formation1
- what kind of drug doesn't kill bacteria but inhibits growth by hindering formation of folic acid? (freezingblue.com)
Daily1
- This is why sufficient daily intake of folic acid is necessary. (encyclopedia.com)
High1
- People who are at high risk of strokes and heart disease may greatly benefit by taking folic acid supplements. (encyclopedia.com)
Carbon3
- Acetazolamide is an enzyme inhibitor that acts specifically on carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. (nih.gov)
- The diuretic effect of acetazolamide is due to its action in the kidney on the reversible reaction involving hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. (nih.gov)
- The presence of aerial filaments, decomposition of substrates, and acid production from or carbon utilization of carbohydrates, as previously described, are used to differentiate the members of the genus Nocardia ( 8 , 27 , 55 ). (antimicrobe.org)