• In this study, we compared how different signaling pathways determine extracellular nucleotide pools in control Jurkat cells versus Jurkat lines that lack the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) or receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) cell death regulatory proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
  • MAVS also activates NF-κB through Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) and RIP1 interaction. (jci.org)
  • this results in cytoplasmic recruitment of a protein known as the FAS-associated death domain (FADD), followed by recruitment of procaspase 8 and procaspase 10 and resultant cellular apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • Western blot analysis showed activation of proapoptotic factors including Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), caspase 3, 8 and 9, BID and BAX. (cdc.gov)
  • Ray P, Guha D, Chakraborty J, Banerjee S, Adhikary A, Chakraborty S, Sa G (2016) Crocetin exploits p53-induced death domain (PIDD) and FAS-associated death domain (FADD) proteins to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer. (springer.com)
  • The interaction of this receptor with its ligand allows the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex that includes Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), caspase 8, and caspase 10. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recruited to both FAS- and TNFR-1 receptors in a FADD dependent manner. (lu.se)
  • Under conditions that sensitize the cell to death, a cell death-inducing complex of RIPK1, Fas-associated protein via death domain (FADD), caspase-8, and cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is formed. (bioradiations.com)
  • Among other results, they show that TNFR2-mediated apoptosis is blocked by caspase-8 inhibitors and depends on Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) but does not require simultaneous activation of TNFR1. (biologists.com)
  • The binding of FASL to FAS induces conformational changes in FAS, leading to the recruitment of FADD and procaspase-8 and the assembly of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). (biolegend.com)
  • Fas-associated death domain (DD) adaptor (FADD) an associate from the DD superfamily contains both a DD and a death effector domain (DED) that are essential in mediating FAS ligand-induced apoptotic signaling. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • For instance Fas-associated death domains (FADD) proteins an adaptor molecule for Fas signaling includes both a DD and a DED. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Pursuing Fas Ligand (FasL) engagement FADD is normally recruited to bind Fas (Compact disc95/Apo-1) through a DD-DD connections. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • The DED over the FADD after that recruits the caspase-8 through a DED-DED connections leading to the forming of the death-inducing signaling complicated (Disk). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • TNF-mediated apoptosis is initiated by ligand-induced recruitment of TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD), Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and caspase-8 to the death domain of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), thereby establishing the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). (jci.org)
  • Caspase 8-deficient and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-deficient cells were used to evaluate the death receptor (extrinsic) pathway. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, we demonstrate that α-TEA induces the accumulation of cell surface membrane ceramide, leading to co-localization with Fas, DR5, and FADD, followed by activation of caspases-8 and -9 and apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional knockdown of ASMase with either the chemical inhibitor, desipramine, or siRNA markedly reduces α-TEA-induced cell surface membrane accumulation of ceramide and its co-localization with Fas, DR5, and FADD, cleavage of caspases-8 and -9 and apoptosis, suggesting an early and critical role for ASMase in α-TEA-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fas, DR5 and their adaptor FADD, as an essential early event in α-TEA induced Fas and DR5 dependent apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death--inducing signaling complex. (research.com)
  • The extrinsic pathway is mediated by a variety of death receptor ligands, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas ligand (FaSL), that trigger apoptosis by binding to cell surface receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • However, BF + GCV only induced apoptosis via Fas/FasL signal pathway accompanied with increased P53 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of cytotoxic effect of FASL on Jurkat cells in the presence of recombinant human FAS. (biolegend.com)
  • The interaction of FAS/FASL in immature dendritic cells (DCs) induces functional maturation. (biolegend.com)
  • In addition, FAS/FASL interaction increases the production of chemokines in NK-T cells, and FASL acts as a survival factor for human CD34 + cells and increases their colony formation. (biolegend.com)
  • ED 50 = 10 - 50 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.02 - 0.1 x 10 6 units/mg, as determined by inhibition of apoptotic cell death induced by FASL on Jurkat cells. (biolegend.com)
  • For instance FasL performing through Fas is normally capable of concurrently eliciting apoptotic signaling via the activation of caspase-8 and anti-apoptotic signaling via the activation of NF-κB and Erk1/2 [5]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Once ceramide-enriched microdomains are formed, Fas/FasL and DR5/TRAIL as well as other signaling mediators become clustered and can be activated in either a ligand-dependent or -independent manner [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations have been identified in each of the genes that code for Fas, FasL, caspase 8 and caspase 10 (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Mutations have been identified in each of the genes coding for Fas, Fas-ligand (FasL), caspase-8, and caspase-10. (medscape.com)
  • These activation inducers converge on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL). (wikipedia.org)
  • After Fas stimulation, Daxx is activated and plays its role of pro-apoptotic protein in activating the c-JUN-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of TLR3 by viral dsRNA leads to the recruitment of Toll/IL-1R homology domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-γ (TRIF), which activates TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TANK-binding kinase 1/IκB kinase i (TBK1/IKKi), and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1). (jci.org)
  • Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrotic cell death that is dependent on activation of receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and occurs when caspase activation is insufficient or blocked. (bioradiations.com)
  • MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like. (bioradiations.com)
  • Phosphorylation of RIPK3 leads to recruitment and subsequent phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which translocates to intracellular and plasma membranes and induces membrane permeabilization and rupture, either through calcium or sodium influx through ion channels or direct binding to membrane phosphatidylinositol phosphates (this is still controversial among experts). (bioradiations.com)
  • Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that YQRG treatment downregulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathways and upregulated other signalling pathways, including those related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), with these findings subsequently verified experimentally. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its activation is tightly controlled by numerous other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP, and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)
  • Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels mediate the efflux of ATP and AMP from cancer cells in response to induction of extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors or intrinsic apoptosis by chemotherapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This type of cell death is induced by extracellular and intracellular microtraumas detected by death or damage receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, FAS, TNFR1 and pattern recognition receptors may initiate necroptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It may be activated via death receptors (extrinsic pathway) or mitochondrial (intrinsic pathway). (medscape.com)
  • In the 1990's, the Human Genome Project inspired my team to discover several novel members of the TNF cytokine superfamily, most notably, Apo2L/TRAIL and its "death" and "decoy" receptors. (gene.com)
  • In separate work, my team identified a set of secreted proteins overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, and developed antibodies to block their cognate receptors for therapeutic gain. (gene.com)
  • There is increasing evidence that neuronal cell death occurs via extrinsic (death receptors) and intrinsic (mitochondria) pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The extrinsic pathway is triggered by binding of death ligands, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, to death receptors of the TNF family, which results in the assembly of a receptor-associated complex. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The authors engineered PC60 cells to express both human TNF receptors and then used mutants of human TNF capable of binding either human TNFR1 or human TNFR2 to investigate cell death induction in the T cell hybridoma. (biologists.com)
  • α-TEA induces apoptosis via activation of extrinsic death receptors Fas (CD95) and DR5, JNK/p73/Noxa pathways, and suppression of anti-apoptotic mediators Akt, ERK, c-FLIP and survivin in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is induced by certain cytokines including TNF and Fas ligand in the TNF family through their death domain containing receptors. (il-10.com)
  • Its receptors include the death domain containing proteins DR4 and DR5, both of which mediate TRAIL induced cell death. (il-10.com)
  • Apoptosis is most often mediated by extrinsic pathway via FAS or CD95 or apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 6 (TNFRSF6), a cell surface death receptor. (medscape.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Other biological effects not leading to apoptotic cell death have also been described. (biolegend.com)
  • Thus, extracellular nucleotide accumulation during regulated tumor cell death involves interplay between ATP/AMP efflux pathways and different cell-autonomous ectonucleotidases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Apoptotic pathways of cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Communication between the pathways exists through cleavage of Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid) by active caspase-8 to form truncated Bid (tBid). (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Autophagy is generally considered as a cell survival/protection mechanism because it removes toxic or obsolete proteins and organelles and recycles the degradation products for use as sources for energy and metabolites in anabolic pathways 3 . (nature.com)
  • Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
  • The two cell death pathways share several upstream signaling elements and eventually lead to plasma membrane rupture, but the cell morphologies of each process are drastically different. (bioradiations.com)
  • For instance, CSC maintenance in glioblastoma, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer is regulated by CD133-mediated AKT, leucine-rich G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-mediated Wnt/β-catenin and speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP)-mediated Nanog pathways [ 4 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • Death-associated protein 6 also known as Daxx is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAXX gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that resides in multiple locations in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • TRID is a distinct gene product with an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain and a transmembrane domain but no intracellular signaling domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The first genetic defect was described in 1995 by the discovery of the FAS gene mutation. (medscape.com)
  • Caspases are heterotetrameric, being made up of two pairs of subunits, generated by a single gene product, which is proteolysed to form the mature protein. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate gene and protein expression levels. (wjgnet.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. (cancerindex.org)
  • Additionally, we performed transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, including cluster, Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway analyses, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and protein and gene expression were detected by immunofluorescence (IFC), western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein interaction variation is able to be monitored on a genomic scale via the change of gene pair co-expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 1 ] In 1995, defective lymphocyte apoptosis secondary to mutations in the FAS gene was identified as a molecular basis for ALPS. (medscape.com)
  • It is most often associated with heterozygous mutations in the gene that encodes the Fas protein tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 6 ( TNFRSF6 ) and other related effector proteins that regulate lymphocyte survival. (medscape.com)
  • Human FAS, amino acids (Arg17-Asn173) (Accession# NM_000043), was expressed in 293E cells. (biolegend.com)
  • It interacts with a wide variety of proteins, such as apoptosis antigen Fas, centromere protein C, and transcription factor erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1). (wikipedia.org)
  • The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit apoptosis by interacting with and then regulating the functions of caspase-8 or caspase-9, -3 and -7 ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Unlike necrosis, an unregulated form of cell death caused by external physicochemical stress, necroptosis is highly regulated and acts as a defense mechanism or escape route for cells infected with viruses that inhibit apoptosis signaling proteins (examples of these viruses include the murine cytomegalovirus, West Nile virus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and herpes simplex virus). (bioradiations.com)
  • To determine which of these interactions are required for it to inhibit apoptosis, we generated point mutant XIAP proteins and correlated their ability to bind other proteins with their ability to inhibit apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • TRAIL, also called Apo2L, is a cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis of many transformed cell lines but not of normal tissues, even though its death domain-containing receptor, DR4, is expressed on both cell types. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Similar to TNF and Fas ligand, TRAIL induces apoptosis and NF-κB activation in many tissues and cells. (il-10.com)
  • The results of the present study suggest that P. vivax infection induces apoptosis of CD4 + T cells mediated by two types of signaling: by activation of the TNFR1 death receptor (extrinsic pathway), which is amplified by Bid, and by decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (intrinsic pathway). (biomedcentral.com)
  • TNFα binds to TNFR1 on the plasma membrane, which leads to recruitment of TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) and, in turn, RIPK1. (bioradiations.com)
  • Here we report that adenovirus 14.7K protein inhibits ligand-induced TNFR1 internalization. (jci.org)
  • This pathway normally regulates stress-induced cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cases of ALPS are caused by loss-of-function mutations in components of the FAS apoptotic pathway or extrinsic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The central element in the mitochondrial pathway is a specialised protein complex, the apoptosome, which enables and facilitates the activation of procaspase 9. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Necroptosis is often compared to apoptosis, another programmed cell death pathway. (bioradiations.com)
  • B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2) protein overexpressing and caspase 9-deficient lymphoma cells were used to determine the role of the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. (bmj.com)
  • The intracellular domain of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75ICD) lacks catalytic activity but contains a motif similar to death domains found in the cytoplasmic regions of members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and their downstream targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Immunogenic cell death contrasts to forms of cell death (apoptosis, autophagy or others) that do not elicit any response or even mediate immune tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear and warrants further study to harness autophagy for the treatment of various human diseases. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that in addition to necrosis and apoptosis, there are also other new programmed death modes, such as autophagy, necrosis and necrotic apoptosis, which have unique biological processes and pathophysiological characteristics. (nature.com)
  • Using in vitro and in vivo models I aim to advance existing research concerning the impact of protein misfolding, the unfolded protein response (UPRE), the autophagy protein ATG16L1 and cytokine receptor IL17RE signaling on disease progression. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Previous studies report that increased autophagy and levels of unfolded proteins can occur after the loss of cellular homeostasis, with these processes also implicated in the occurrence of fibrosis [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both of these proteins contain an extracellular TRAIL binding domain but lack intracellular signaling domains. (il-10.com)
  • Programmed cell death (PCD), as described by Lockshin and Williams 14 , is defined as controlled cell death evoked by intracellular systems. (nature.com)
  • An antagonist decoy receptor (designated as TRID for TRAIL receptor without an intracellular domain) that may explain the resistant phenotype of normal tissues was identified. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • More recently, we've turned our attention to an intracellular signaling network dubbed the unfolded protein response (UPR). (gene.com)
  • Apoptosis, on the other hand, is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, condensation, margination of nuclear chromatin, packaging of apoptotic bodies, and engulfment of the immunogenic intracellular proteins by phagocytes and macrophages. (bioradiations.com)
  • Membrane rupture leads to the spilling of intracellular content into the organ and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-β, IL-33, and high-mobility group protein 1, into the extracellular space. (bioradiations.com)
  • The extracellular region of FAS possesses three cystein-rich domains characteristic of the TNF superfamily, and the intracellular region which includes a death domain (DD). (biolegend.com)
  • The polypeptide segment connecting the transmembrane and death domains as well as the serine/threonine-rich C-terminal end are highly flexible in p75ICD. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • At the level of the cell, Daxx is found in the cytoplasm, interacting with Fas-receptor or other cytoplasmic molecules, as well as in the nucleus, where it interacts with some subnuclear structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Daxx interacts with the TGF-β type II receptor by binding of C-terminal domain of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dsRNA is also recognized by the RLH system, which interacts with MAVS via caspase recruitment domains (CARDs). (jci.org)
  • Mice homozygous for FAS mutations develop hypergammaglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, massive lymphadenopathy, and expansion of an otherwise rare population of T-cell receptor (TCR) α/β cells that lack expression of both CD4 and CD8 (double-negative T [DNT] cells). (medscape.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Pyroptosis is a distinct type of regulated cell death, exhibiting a necrotic morphology and cellular content spilling. (wikipedia.org)
  • TGF-β regulates a variety of different cellular developmental processes including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, occurs during normal cellular differentiation and development of multicellular organism. (il-10.com)
  • This cell death is characterized by apoptotic morphology, maintaining membrane integrity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other important surface exposed DAMPs are heat-shock proteins (HSPs), namely HSP70 and HSP90, which under stress condition also translocate to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequential activation of these proteins leads to membrane permeabilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fas-activated DCs increase the expression of MHC II, B7 co-stimulatory molecules, and DC-lysosome-associated membrane proteins (DC-LAMP), and secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. (biolegend.com)
  • Daxx, a Death domain-associated protein, was first discovered through its cytoplasmic interaction with the classical death receptor Fas. (wikipedia.org)
  • deletion of an exon encoding the transmembrane domain results in a soluble FAS molecule that blocks apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • The isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain may negatively regulate the apoptosis mediated by the full length isoform. (cancerindex.org)
  • The present study performed immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and western blot analysis and identified no significant changes in the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) following radiation (P>0.05). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The adenoviral protein E3-14.7K (14.7K) is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis, but the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect has not yet been explained exhaustively. (jci.org)
  • XIAP, X-linked mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis protein. (rupress.org)
  • The X-linked mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) has been shown to bind several partners. (rupress.org)
  • A surface area devoid of charged residues in the p75ICD death domain may indicate a potential site of interaction with downstream targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Peptide is a fragment of FAS death domain, FAS residues 267-304. (bmrb.io)
  • Several additional interacting proteins are known, but not always is there an understanding of the specific function and relevance of this interaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although it is unclear whether PKR may be directly stimulated by the interaction of MAVS and dsRNA (as indicated by the dashed arrow), the endogenous protein PACT/RAX can also activate PKR independently of dsRNA. (jci.org)
  • The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Immunogenic cell death is any type of cell death eliciting an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both accidental cell death and regulated cell death can result in immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The name 'immunogenic cell death' is also used for one specific type of regulated cell death that initiates an immune response after stress to endoplasmic reticulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunogenic cell death types are divided according to molecular mechanisms leading up to, during and following the death event. (wikipedia.org)
  • The immunogenicity of a specific cell death is determined by antigens and adjuvant released during the process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accidental cell death is the result of physical, chemical or mechanical damage to a cell, which exceeds its repair capacity. (wikipedia.org)
  • ICD or immunogenic apoptosis is a form of cell death resulting in a regulated activation of the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Just as immunogenic death of infected cells induces immune response to the infectious agent, immunogenic death of cancer cells can induce an effective antitumor immune response through activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and consequent activation of specific T cell response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calreticulin (CRT), one of the DAMP molecules which is normally in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, is translocated after the induction of immunogenic death to the surface of dying cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • ATP released during immunogenic cell death functions as a "find-me" signal for phagocytes when secreted and induces their attraction to the site of ICD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another type of regulated cell death that induces an immune response is necroptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of cell death is induced most commonly in response to microbial pathogen infection, such as infection with Salmonella, Francisella, or Legionella. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also essential for development of nerval system by programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another important cell death-property of Daxx is the association with PML-NB. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5 ), cigarette smoke may (as reflected by dashed arrows) affect lung cell responses to RNA viruses by enhancing MAVS-PKR signaling and therefore trigger alveolar cell death. (jci.org)
  • Nevertheless, the definition of autophagic cell death (ACD) has been neither universally understood nor unanimously accepted in the field 4 . (nature.com)
  • In addition, cell death subroutines have been recently classified on the basis of mechanical and molecular aspects of cell death processes 5 . (nature.com)
  • The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death has recently classified 12 major cell death modes 5 . (nature.com)
  • DEATH domain, found in proteins involved in cell death (apoptosis). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Other DD-containing proteins, such as ankyrin, MyD88 and pelle, are probably not directly involved in cell death signalling. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • [ 1 ] ALPS is the first disease known to be caused by a primary defect in programmed cell death and the first description of a monogenic cause of autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
  • Apoptosis is a genetically regulated form of nonimmunogenic cell death. (medscape.com)
  • Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which occurs with iron dependence. (nature.com)
  • What is the relationship between ferroptosis and other types of cell death? (nature.com)
  • Whether under physiological or pathological conditions, cell death is an unavoidable and important link in the process of life and marks the end of the life of a cell. (nature.com)
  • Traditionally, cell death has been divided into apoptosis and necrosis. (nature.com)
  • In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)
  • Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Studies on the molecular mechanism of neuronal cell apoptosis following radiation have enriched the number of protective therapeutic strategies against radiation-induced neuronal cell death ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Unlike inflammation, apoptosis is a 'programmed cell death' mechanism, whereby enzymatic reactions lead to cell apoptosis and phagocytes remove the debris without stimulating an inflammatory response. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been shown to play a central role in the physiological regulation of programmed cell death, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies and diseases of the immune system. (cancerindex.org)
  • This versatile cell type orchestrates a broad spectrum of biological functions and exerts very complex and even opposing functions on cell death, immune stimulation or suppression, and angiogenesis, resulting in an overall pro- or antitumoral effect. (nutriforce.cn)
  • This leads to a series of auto- and cross-phosphorylations between RIPK1 and RIPK3 that lead to formation and activation of a cell death-inducing complex called a necrosome. (bioradiations.com)
  • FAS was initially purified and cloned from SKW6.4 cells and a cDNA library of human T cell lymphoma KT-3 cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Fas-mediated cell loss of life is important in nerve degeneration from the central anxious program [6] [7]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • FAS is a type I transmembrane protein and belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily. (biolegend.com)
  • subfamily the caspase recruitment domains (Credit card) subfamily as well as the pyrin domains (PYD) subfamily [1]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • In contrast, 14.7K did not affect TNF-induced NF-κB activation via recruitment of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP-1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF-2). (jci.org)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • FLIP, Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1β converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Erythroleukemia cells were shown to possess markedly greater basal NF-κB responses and elevated Fas-associated protein with death domain-like IL-1converting enzyme (FLIP) levels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The essential role of FAS plays in maintaining lymphocyte homeostasis and peripheral immune tolerance to prevent autoimmunity was first demonstrated by studying FAS-deficient MRL/lpr-/- mice. (medscape.com)
  • I joined the department of Molecular Biology as Scientist in 1989, and my lab helped establish a technology to fuse biologically important proteins to antibody molecules. (gene.com)
  • Serine 1 is an artefact from SUMO-Fas fusion protein. (bmrb.io)
  • NMR structure of the death domain of the p75 neurotrophin receptor. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Including the function from the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) and Fas continues to be intensively examined in the anxious system during advancement and in degeneration and regeneration [4]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)