• Because these clones consist of DNA that is complementary to mRNA, the ESTs represent portions of expressed genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some authors use the term "EST" to describe genes for which little or no further information exists besides the tag. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of these unique sequences, over 35% had significant similarities to known genes by BLASTX searches, which allowed the identification of 14,776 unique genes in the catfish. (auburn.edu)
  • In this study, a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library approach was used for the identification of pathogen and plant genes that were differentially expressed during infection of the susceptible cultivar BRS Pérola of Phaseolus vulgaris L. A total of 979 unigenes (430 contigs and 549 singletons) were obtained and classified according to their functional categories. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several hundred partial genomic DNA sequences as nucleotide-binding-site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance genes ( R ) have been identified, but a small portion with expressed transcripts has been found. (jipb.net)
  • The protein sequences of 54 known R genes were used to identify homologs from peanut ESTs from public databases. (jipb.net)
  • A total of 1,053 ESTs corresponding to six different classes of known R genes were recovered, and assembled 156 contigs and 229 singletons as peanut-expressed RGAs. (jipb.net)
  • These expressed RGAs are the source for RGA-tagged marker development and identification of peanut resistance genes. (jipb.net)
  • Alice: Endosperm-preferred expression of maize genes as revealed by transcriptome-wide analysis of expressed sequence tags. (embrapa.br)
  • These include previously unknown sequence data, a collection of expressed genes, molecular markers, and a DNA microarray that can be used to study aphid gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • use microarray experiments to conclude that the human genome project will uncover many genes not previously discovered by EST sequencing (Nat Genet 2000, 26:315-318). (the-scientist.com)
  • Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, 5′- and 3′-UTR sequences of 4378 genes have been retrieved and alternatively spliced variants of 69 genes have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We successfully employed deep sequencing RNA-Seq data in combination with an elaborate bioinformatics strategy in order to identify novel genes, incorrect gene models and mechanisms of transcript processing in the corn anthracnose fungus C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence data of the revised genome annotation including several hundreds of novel transcripts, improved gene models and candidate genes for alternative splicing have been made accessible in a comprehensive database. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The blocks of A. oryzae -specific sequence are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, particularly those for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. (nature.com)
  • using a redundancy criterion to identify reproducible sequence differences between related genes within gene families. (usda.gov)
  • Analysis of these sequences revealed single base substitutions and single base indels are the most frequently observed form of sequence variation between genes within families in the dataset. (usda.gov)
  • Functional annotation of gene sequences indicate functional classifications are not randomly distributed among gene families containing few or many genes. (usda.gov)
  • Some genes are expressed at near-maximal levels within 30 min, whereas others show no substantial induction until 2 hr or more after stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Identification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma related genes by comparison with normal liver tissues using expressed sequence tags. (nih.gov)
  • Targeted integration by homologous recombination enables in-situ tagging and replacement of genes in the marine microeukaryote Diplonema papillatum . (umontreal.ca)
  • Sequences carrying the polymorphisms that distinguished wild and cultivated olives were analyzed and annotated, allowing to identify 124 candidate genes that have a functional role in flower development, stress response, or involvement in important metabolic pathways. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Biotin labeled cRNA transcripts were synthesized, fragmented and hybridized to HuGeneFL GeneChip probe arrays representing more than 6800 human genes and expressed sequence tags. (cdc.gov)
  • ESTs may be used to identify gene transcripts, and were instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the way ESTs are sequenced, many distinct expressed sequence tags are often partial sequences that correspond to the same mRNA of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the complete genome sequence of an organism is available and transcripts are annotated, it is possible to bypass contig assembly and directly match transcripts with ESTs. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 600,000 sequencing attempts were made, generating a total of 438,321 quality ESTs. (auburn.edu)
  • In order to select reliable SNPs, contigs containing four or more ESTs should be used and the minor allele sequence should be represented at least twice. (auburn.edu)
  • Application of such quality assessment measures, along with large resources of ESTs, should provide effective means for SNP identification in species where genome sequence resources are lacking. (auburn.edu)
  • About 43% of the wheat group 6 ESTs identified rice homologs upon comparisons of genome sequences. (bvsalud.org)
  • We aimed to identify resistance gene analogs (RGAs) from peanut expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and to develop polymorphic markers. (jipb.net)
  • Sequencing of 16 M. persicae cDNA libraries generated 26,669 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). (nih.gov)
  • Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have given researchers a quick if dirty look at the coding potential of the human genome. (the-scientist.com)
  • EST approaches have largely been superseded by whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and metagenome sequencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • This large scale EST sequencing project would allow the identification of majority of catfish transcriptome. (auburn.edu)
  • The BioProject database is a searcheable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale molecular projects including genome sequencing and assembly, transcriptome, metagenomic, annotation, expression and mapping projects. (nih.gov)
  • Sequence analysis of the Daphnia pulex genome holds some surprises that could not have been anticipated from what was learned so far from other arthropod genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly variable features of all genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequencing of the A. oryzae genome was accomplished using the whole-genome shotgun (WGS) approach. (nature.com)
  • The advent of low cost and high accuracy exome and whole genome sequencing has led many global healthcare organizations to adopt genome sequencing early in managing patient populations. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1991, Adams and co-workers coined the term EST and initiated more systematic sequencing as a project (starting with 600 brain cDNAs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Segregating populations will be characterised with both single locus (microsatellites) and multi-locus (AFLPs) marker systems providing framework maps for the eventual location of cDNAs generated from single pass sequencing. (le.ac.uk)
  • An examination of the content and distribution of repetitive DNA sequences to identify the location of such sequences within specific chromosomes and their conservation across species of the Pinaceae family. (le.ac.uk)
  • Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes and on extended chromatin will be used to physically locate repetitive as well as single copy DNA sequences on conifer chromosomes and to integrate physical and genetic maps. (le.ac.uk)
  • Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a type of microarray now routinely used to identify deleted or duplicated regions of DNA sequence in specific chromosomes on a genome-wide basis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Single pass sequencing of cDNA clones provides a rapid route to gene discovery and production of EST's (2). (le.ac.uk)
  • Systematic sequencing of cDNA clones derived from xylem and leaf tissue will produce a new generation of research tools for conifer biology. (le.ac.uk)
  • This makes it difficult to write programs that can unambiguously determine that two EST libraries were sequenced from the same tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study examined potential gene sequences identified in EST libraries of soybean and assigned the potential gene sequences with molecular functions. (usda.gov)
  • In many organisms, such as soybean, the best source of sequence information is the existence of expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries. (usda.gov)
  • Many EST libraries were constructed from RNA extracted from various genetic backgrounds, thus gene identification from these sources is complicated by the existence of both gene and allele sequence differences. (usda.gov)
  • Deeply conserved chordate noncoding sequences preserve genome synteny but do not drive gene duplicate retention. (mpg.de)
  • Syntenic analysis of the three aspergilli revealed the presence of syntenic blocks and A. oryzae -specific blocks of sequence (lacking synteny with the two other aspergilli) in a mosaic manner throughout the A. oryzae genome ( Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
  • Twenty-eight simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from 25 peanut expressed RGAs. (jipb.net)
  • A total of 101 and 119 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were obtained from expressed sequence tags (EST) of the red sea bream (Chrysophrys major) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), respectively. (hawaii.edu)
  • The transporter was identified by probing a mammalian-expressed sequence tag database with 2 fungal mitochondrial ornithine carrier protein sequences. (medscape.com)
  • In an effort to reduce the number of expressed sequence tags for downstream gene discovery analyses, several groups assembled expressed sequence tags into EST contigs. (wikipedia.org)
  • GOblet: annotation of anonymous sequence data with Gene Ontology and pathway terms. (mpg.de)
  • An annotated genomic sequence of the corn anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola has been published previously, but correct identification of gene models by means of automated gene annotation remains a challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of peanut cultivars and breeding lines from China, India and the US using simple sequence repeat markers [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Analysis of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Wheat Based on Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) Technique [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Comparative expressed sequence tag analysis. (mpg.de)
  • Northern blot analysis revealed that hOAT3 mRNA is expressed in the kidney, brain, and skeletal muscle. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Comparative analysis of RNA-Seq data and the genome sequence did not provide evidence for RNA editing in C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Large scale gene analysis of most organisms is hampered by incomplete genomic sequences. (usda.gov)
  • Through a laborious genetic sequencing analysis, Dunn and an international team of scientists have settled the long-standing debate and determined that acoelomorpha belongs as a sister clade to other bilateral animals. (brown.edu)
  • DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. (nih.gov)
  • In: Expressed sequence tags - generation and analysis, Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 533 (J. Parkinson, ed. (umontreal.ca)
  • In 1982, the idea of selecting random or semi-random clones from such a cDNA library for sequencing was explored by Greg Sutcliffe and coworkers. (wikipedia.org)
  • sequenced 178 clones from a rabbit muscle cDNA library. (wikipedia.org)
  • This technology involves breaking the entire genome into small segments, sequencing the segments, and then reassembling the sequences using intensive computational techniques to provide the base-by-base sequence of the entire genome or more limited regions, such as the expressed portion of the genome known as the exome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, the sheer volume of information generated by sequencing the exome or genome results in a variety of interpretive problems that complicate understanding of the results. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The tagged DNA binds to its complementary DNA segment and can be detected by measuring the amount and type of fluorescence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In genetics, an expressed sequence tag (EST) is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4 We screened the coding sequence of ESPN (GenBank accession number AL136880) by sequencing PCR amplified ESPN exons from genomic DNA of affected individuals in the two families. (bmj.com)
  • In particular, non-conservative amino acid substitutions in a highly expressed gut protease may be of adaptive significance for M. persicae feeding on different host plants. (nih.gov)
  • SLC6A19 is a sodium-dependent and chloride-independent neutral amino acid transporter, expressed predominately in the kidneys and intestine. (medscape.com)
  • The deduced amino acid sequence of hOAT3 showed 36 to 51% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Based on the nucleotide sequence information of transcripts, we identified 819 novel transcriptionally active regions (nTARs) and revised 906 incorrectly predicted gene models, including revisions of exon-intron structure, gene orientation and sequencing errors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the expressed sequence tag able to underline intra-species differentiation are not yet identified, beyond a few plastidial markers. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Entrez is NCBI's primary text search and retrieval system that integrates the PubMed database of biomedical literature with 38 other literature and molecular databases including DNA and protein sequence, structure, gene, genome, genetic variation and gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Conserved Domains is a database of protein domains represented by sequence alignments and profiles for protein domains conserved in molecular evolution. (nih.gov)
  • Approximately one half of the ORFs are expressed in at least some of the ten tissues and cell types queried by the microarray. (the-scientist.com)
  • For instance, cancer origin of a library is often mixed with the tissue name (e.g., the tissue name "glioblastoma" indicates that the EST library was sequenced from brain tissue and the disease condition is cancer). (wikipedia.org)
  • Concerted evolution refers to the pattern in which copies of multigene families show high intraspecific sequence homogeneity but high interspecific sequence diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The team used a genetic sequencing technique called expressed sequence tags to carry out the phylogenetic studies. (brown.edu)
  • They may be represented in databases as either cDNA/mRNA sequence or as the reverse complement of the mRNA, the template strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liu Z, Feng S, Pandey MK, Chen X, Culbreath AK, Varshney RK, Guo B (2013) Identification of expressed resistance gene analogs from peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) expressed sequence tags. (jipb.net)
  • The identification of potential gene sequences (pHaps) from soybean allows us to begin to get a picture of the genomic history of the organism as well as begin to observe the evolutionary fates of gene copies in this highly duplicated genome. (usda.gov)
  • Of these 9498 ORFs, 31% are completely novel and 29% are similar, but not identical, to sequences in public databases. (the-scientist.com)
  • Time will tell if such collaborations can be developed and maintained, but failure to do so would seem a missed opportunity to generate clinical utility data for using genome sequencing as a screening tool to prevent disease and improve population health. (cdc.gov)
  • These motifs contain 2 hydrophobic alpha-helical segments connected by an extensive hydrophilic sequence, resulting in 6 transmembrane portions of the protein. (medscape.com)
  • 2018) using expressed sequence tag-short tandem repeats (EST-STRs) markers. (matis.is)
  • An EST results from one-shot sequencing of a cloned cDNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • RESULTS: We identified approximately 45,000 potential gene sequences (pHaps) from EST sequences of Williams/Williams82, an inbred genotype of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. (usda.gov)
  • Soybean has a large (1115 Mbp) genome that has yet to be fully sequenced. (usda.gov)
  • The existence of early adopter organizations generating sequence data on large numbers of individuals with paired longitudinal electronic health record data provides opportunities for real-world clinical research directed at health outcome endpoints. (cdc.gov)
  • The workshop concluded with substantial momentum directed at finding concrete ways to enhance collaboration across organizations that have, or soon will have, genome sequencing programs for large population groups. (cdc.gov)
  • These early adopters have taken a leap of faith that having genome sequence data readily at hand to guide health management will eventually yield improved health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Expressed Sequence Tags" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
  • The resulting sequence is a relatively low-quality fragment whose length is limited by current technology to approximately 500 to 800 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genomic sequencing of selected loci indicate that intron-like intervening sequences are numerous and are approximately 220 bp in length. (usda.gov)
  • This suggests that the genome size differences are largely due to sequence acquisition in A. oryzae . (nature.com)
  • Over 300,000 putative SNPs have been identified, of which over 48,000 are high quality SNPs as defined by contig size of at least four sequences and the minor allele presence of at least twice in the contig. (auburn.edu)
  • The best-aligned sequences were annotated with gene ontology groups. (frontiersin.org)