Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Medical search. Frequent questions

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
EPI is caused by a progressive loss of the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
The main treatment option for EPI is replacing enzymes that the pancreas isn't providing with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (webmd.com)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition characterized by deficiency of exocrine pancreatic enzymes, resulting in the inability to digest food properly, or maldigestion. (medscape.com)
The exocrine pancreas produces three main types of enzymes: amylase, protease, and lipase, which are responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. (medscape.com)
People with EPI don't have enough pancreatic (digestive) enzymes to break down foods and absorb nutrients. (clevelandclinic.org)
Over time, chronic inflammation can damage the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. (clevelandclinic.org)
Secretin pancreatic function test to test how the pancreas responds to secretin, a hormone that triggers the release of digestive enzymes. (clevelandclinic.org)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ( EPI ) is a condition in which the pancreas doesn't produce enough digestive enzymes. (everydayhealth.com)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), however, is a condition in which the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of these enzymes, leading to nutrient deficits and symptoms including diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain. (tutorialspoint.com)
PERT, which imitates the body's organic pancreatic enzymes, is used to treat EPI. (tutorialspoint.com)
These replacement pancreatic enzymes come in pill form and combine lipase, protease, and amylase. (tutorialspoint.com)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is an inability of proper digestion of food owing to insufficient levels of digestive enzymes from pancreas. (researchandmarkets.com)
EPI is triggered by the progressive loss of pancreatic cells, which generates the digestive enzymes. (researchandmarkets.com)
Primarily, these pancreatic digestive enzymes include lipase for the fat digestion, protease for the protein digestion, and amylase for the starch digestion in the body. (researchandmarkets.com)
EPI is treated with pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs) , a combination of porcine-derived amylases, lipases, and proteases that mimic digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas and act in the duodenum and proximal small intestine. (medscape.com)
When the pancreas stops producing digestive enzymes, it can cause a condition called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), which commonly coexists with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. (bdsn.de)
EPI is commonly treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, which replaces digestive enzymes . (bdsn.de)
The exocrine pancreas is a portion of this organ that contains clusters of ducts (acini) producing bicarbonate anion, a mild alkali, as well as an array of digestive enzymes that together empty by way of the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts into the duodenum (upper small intestine). (iiab.me)
[1] The hormones cholecystokinin and secretin secreted by the stomach and duodenum in response to distension and the presence of food in turn stimulate the production of digestive enzymes by the exocrine pancreas. (iiab.me)
EPI results from progressive failure in the exocrine function of the pancreas to provide its digestive enzymes , often in response to a genetic condition or other disease state, resulting in the inability of the animal involved to properly digest food. (iiab.me)
When the pancreas isn't producing enough of those enzymes, the condition is called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. (doghealth.com)
Pancreatic enzymes in a powdered form that can be added to food are the treatment of choice for EPI. (doghealth.com)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) happens when the pancreas is unable to produce enzymes that help with digestion. (dakotaveterinarycenter.com)
EPI (Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency) is described as a weakness of the pancreas which results in a lack of digestive enzymes. (happydoguk.com)
Pancreatic Enzymes capsule,delayed release (enteric coated) (capsule,delayed (e.c. (webmd.com)
EPI, often caused by cystic fibrosis, is a disease resulting from a lack of exocrine pancreatic enzymes, which play a role in breaking down food molecules. (mecfa.org)
The current standard treatment for EPI is porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement pills, which consist of enzymes derived from pigs. (mecfa.org)
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process in which pancreatic enzymes autodigest the gland. (medscape.com)
Pancreatic pseudocysts (see the image below) are best defined as localized fluid collections that are rich in amylase and other pancreatic enzymes, that have a nonepithelialized wall consisting of fibrous and granulation tissue, and that usually appear several weeks after the onset of pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
Pancreatic duct stones are common in people with chronic pancreatitis and can be painful as they block the duct along with pancreatic enzymes needed for digestion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency occurs when your dog's pancreas fails to produce enough digestive enzymes. (hillspet.com.au)
It creates pancreatic enzymes that are released into your digestive system (upper small intestines) that help break down fats and some proteins. (choa.org)
Interpretation of serum pancreatic enzymes in pancreatic and nonpancreatic conditions. (medscape.com)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is most often caused by inactivity of pancreatic acinar cells that produce enzymes to aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients. (vetinfo.com)
Dietary supplements of pancreatic enzymes are an effective treatment. (vetinfo.com)
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) refers to an insufficient secretion of pancreatic enzymes (acinar function) and/or sodium bicarbonate (ductal function). (medscape.com)
The main causes of PEI are loss of the pancreatic parenchyma, obstruction of the main pancreatic duct, decreased stimulation of the exocrine pancreas, and inactivation of pancreatic enzymes. (medscape.com)

Because exocrine pancreas retains a large reserve capacity for enzyme secretion, fat digestion is not clearly impaired until lipase output decreases to below 10% of the normal level. (medscape.com)
The pancreatic neck is the arbitrary junction between the head and body of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
Pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and other conditions that affect the pancreas cause exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). (clevelandclinic.org)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is most commonly associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas and is a frequent late-stage manifestation of chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
[5] The latter is a limitedly used test that assesses exocrine function in the pancreas by inserting a tube into the small intestine to collect pancreatic secretions. (iiab.me)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is an important condition which also affects the pancreas and can have significant health impacts. (yourhealthforumbydrcirino.org)
They affect the hormone-producing cells in the pancreas and tend to grow more slowly than exocrine tumors. (cancercare.org)
About 10 to 15 percent of people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer will be candidates for a Whipple procedure (a surgery for cancer in the head of the pancreas) in which parts of the pancreas, gall bladder, bile duct and small bowel are removed. (cancercare.org)
The cornerstone of EPI treatment is a lifetime of pancreatic enzyme supplements to replace those the pancreas fails to secrete. (dakotaveterinarycenter.com)
Fortunately, the pancreas has a high reserve capacity, so signs of maldigestion do not occur until 90% of the exocrine pancreatic function is lost. (happydoguk.com)
The most common cause of digestive enzyme deficiency in dogs is Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy, in which the pancreas simply becomes shrivelled and useless. (happydoguk.com)
The Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy seems to be an immune mediated problem in which the immune system 'attacks' the pancreas and destroys its cells which are replaced then by non-functioning tissue. (happydoguk.com)
The National Pancreas Foundation provides hope for those suffering from pancreatitis and pancreatic disease through funding of cutting-edge research, advocating for new and better therapies, and providing support and education for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals. (choa.org)
Pancreatic abscesses, collections of pus near the pancreas, may occur secondary to pancreatitis resulting in continuation of pancreatitis symptoms after treatment. (vetinfo.com)
Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer are two of the major diseases affecting the pancreas. (medscape.com)

These symptoms are often greatly reduced, or even eliminated, when you take pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) along with meals and make changes to your diet. (everydayhealth.com)
You'll probably use pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, or PERT, along with close dietary monitoring to treat this problem. (tutorialspoint.com)
The cornerstone of EPI management is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (medscape.com)
Topics also include the prevalence of CD in idiopathic pancreatitis, when to investigate and treat other causes of steatorrhea, particularly EPI with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (pancreapedia.org)
Another main treatment includes pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (medicgenius.com)
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is indicated for patients with CP and PEI in the presence of clinical symptoms or laboratory signs of malabsorption. (medscape.com)
At study commencement, participants will be given baseline prescriptions for antiemetics (metoclopramide 10mg, ondansetron 8mg) and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) (Creon, 25,000IU) to ensure proactive nutrition impact symptom management is feasible. (who.int)

The three main tests used in considering a diagnosis of EPI are: fecal elastase test, fecal fat test, and a direct pancreatic function test. (iiab.me)
The role of fecal elastase-1 in detecting exocrine pancreatic disease. (medscape.com)
There are other tests available to assess exocrine pancreatic function, including fecal proteolytic activity tests, but multiple fecal samples over a few days need to be collected for that test. (doghealth.com)
Diabetic patients have significantly reduced levels of fecal elastase 1, a marker of pancreatic insufficiency, compared with control subjects. (medscape.com)

Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. (wellnessresources.com)
Delayed release pancrelipase for treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency associated with chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
Lindkvist B, Dominguez-Munoz JE, Luaces-Regueira M, Castineiras-Alvarino M, Nieto-Garcia L, Iglesias-Garcia J. Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
Chronic pancreatitis that destroys the exocrine pancreatic cells. (doghealth.com)
Patients come to the Advanced Pancreatic Care Program from across the region to receive expert diagnosis and advanced care for acute, recurrent and chronic pancreatitis, as well as pancreatic tumors, pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatic birth defects and/or anatomical abnormalities. (choa.org)
CREON is a combination of porcine-derived lipases, proteases, and amylases indicated for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, or other conditions. (nih.gov)
Physicians have known for more than 20 years that some patients with chronic pancreatitis eventually develop pancreatic cancer . (medscape.com)
However, it is an uncommon event: Over two decades, only about 4% of patients with well-documented chronic pancreatitis will develop pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Patients who experience only a single attack of acute pancreatitis without developing recurrent pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis do not progress to pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis can be easily confused with those of pancreatic cancer, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. (medscape.com)
In addition, so-called "type 3c diabetes" can be a complication in patients with either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
At the 46th Annual Meeting of the American Pancreatic Association, a mini-symposium was dedicated to discussing chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes. (medscape.com)
Chronic Pancreatitis to Pancreatic Cancer - Medscape - Dec 17, 2015. (medscape.com)

However, in the painful chronic exocrine pancreatitis, high dose protease are estimated to be beneficial. (researchandmarkets.com)
A recent literature review found a high prevalence (62%) of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency among patients during first admission for acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
These include celiac disease, Crohn disease, autoimmune pancreatitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome , and gastrointestinal and pancreatic surgical procedures. (medscape.com)
Inherited pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and pancreatitis: When children transition to adult care. (qxmd.com)
Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) encompasses two distinct disease groups: the first manifests as congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), and the second includes hereditary forms of pancreatitis. (qxmd.com)
The review encompasses the current diagnostic criteria of CD and disease related prevalence and mechanisms of secondary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and the risk and mechanisms of pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
The aim of this review is to address this gap in clinical information by reviewing secondary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and pancreatitis associated with CD. (pancreapedia.org)
The Advanced Pancreatic Care Program at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta treats a variety of pancreatic diseases, ranging from acute pancreatitis to rare genetic disorders and congenital abnormalities. (choa.org)
Pancreatic pseudocysts are collections of pancreatic fluid in tissue that also occur secondary to pancreatitis. (vetinfo.com)
Clinical signs similar to pancreatitis may occur in cases of benign or malignant pancreatic neoplasms. (vetinfo.com)
In every pediatric patient, cystic fibrosis has to be ruled out, since 10-15% of cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic sufficiency (comprising 1-2% of all patients with cystic fibrosis) present clinically with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
Patients with type 2 diabetes without underlying pancreatitis have an almost twofold excess risk for pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)

HAYWARD, Calif., Dec. 27, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ANTH) today announced the top line results of the SOLUTION clinical study in cystic fibrosis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). (einpresswire.com)
Fibrosing colonopathy is associated with high-dose use of pancreatic enzyme replacement in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients. (nih.gov)

In dogs, the most common cause is pancreatic acinar atrophy , arising as a result of genetic conditions , a blocked pancreatic duct , or prior infection. (iiab.me)
Idiopathic acinar atrophy: This unknown mechanism of destruction of pancreatic cells is the most common cause of EPI in dogs. (doghealth.com)
German Shepherds, Collies, and English Setters are predisposed to pancreatic acinar atrophy, an inherited condition that can lead to EPI. (dakotaveterinarycenter.com)

The prevalence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in diabetes mellitus (DM) varies widely between studies, which may be explained by methodological problems. (efim.org)

In analyzing the results of the SOLUTION study, patients' ability to increase their doses during the study were hindered by time restrictions and amounts allowed per protocol, while other patients were prevented from increasing their dose due to the daily limit (10,000 lipase units/kg/day) for porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies (PERTs). (einpresswire.com)

The diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is largely clinical. (medscape.com)
The Applicability of a Checklist for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: Results of the Italian Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Registry / Pezzilli, R. (univpm.it)
A review of deep learning and radiomics approaches for pancreatic cancer diagnosis from medical imaging. (medscape.com)
EUS is an essential tool in the differential diagnosis of CP with other pancreatic masses or cystic lesions. (medscape.com)
A pancreatic function test is required for the diagnosis of CP. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis of type 3c diabetes is based on a documented history of pancreatic disease, evidence of exocrine insufficiency, and ruling out type 1 and type 2 diabetes . (medscape.com)

The etiology of EPI includes pancreatic and nonpancreatic causes (see Etiology). (medscape.com)
Causes of EPI can be either pancreatic or nonpancreatic in origin. (medscape.com)
It is important to keep in mind that EPI can also result from nonpancreatic diseases, mainly in patients with normal pancreatic structure as revealed by advanced abdominal imaging modalities (eg, MRI, endoscopic ultrasonography [EUS], and CT scanning). (medscape.com)

Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - Medscape - May 04, 2020. (medscape.com)

No medications are specific to the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. (medscape.com)

In "classical" CD the prevalence of EPI ranges 0-77.8%, on the basis of secretagogue and test meal evoked direct pancreatic function tests. (pancreapedia.org)

A form of therapy called external beam radiation is commonly used in treating pancreatic cancer. (cancercare.org)

You or your child may need a stool elastase test if you have certain digestive problems and a health care provider thinks exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) could be the cause. (medlineplus.gov)

Rapidly emerging economies in region such as India, China, and more disease prevalence will drive the growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency market. (researchandmarkets.com)
In case series having at least 5 patients the overall prevalence of EPI in "classical" CD ranges 0-77.8% ( Table 1 ) but varies considerably by the specific pancreatic function test (PFT): 0-15.4% with i.v. secretin, 22.7-77.8% with i.v. CCK analogues, and 42.9-58% with test meal. (pancreapedia.org)

EPI is often treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement products (PERPs) such as pancrelipase , that are used to break down fats (via a lipase), proteins (via a protease), and carbohydrates (via amylase) into units that can be digested. (iiab.me)

More than 95 percent of pancreatic cancers (tumors) form in the gland's exocrine cells, usually in the ducts. (cancercare.org)
Tumors that form in endocrine cells are called neuroendocrine (or islet-cell) tumors, and account for less than 5 percent of all pancreatic cancers. (cancercare.org)

Learn more about the pathophysiology and etiology of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. (medscape.com)

The symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency vary depending on the severity, so if you notice any problems such as loose bowel movements, abdominal discomfort or erratic blood glucose levels, talk to your healthcare team! (bdsn.de)

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is characterized by maldigestion - an inability to digest food properly. (medscape.com)

According to the research conducted by Robbins basic pathology, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was observed to occur in the 85% to 90% of patients with cystic fibrosis in 2013. (researchandmarkets.com)

What are the complications of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)? (clevelandclinic.org)

The aim of this review is to provide a valuable and focused source of information for understanding and evaluating pancreatic manifestations of patients with celiac disease (CD). (pancreapedia.org)

Pancreatic replacement therapy in EPI is an extensively accepted mode of treatment and aids in minimizing the malabsorption and related malnutrition. (researchandmarkets.com)
Relations between pancreatic enzyme ouputs and malabsorption in severe pancreatic insufficiency. (medscape.com)

While dietary changes and enzyme replacement therapy are the basic treatments for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, you may be able to do more. (everydayhealth.com)
However, the lack of technological reach and insufficient advanced treatments are the key restraints of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency market in developing regions. (researchandmarkets.com)
We are most grateful for their commitment to our shared hope of developing new treatments for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and believe that the shortcomings of Sollpura in SOLUTION can be addressed in the new study that we plan to initiate in 1Q'17," said William Shanahan, M.D., Anthera's Chief Medical Officer. (einpresswire.com)

Johns Hopkins pancreatic stone program offers extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for pancreatic duct stones, performed by trained and experienced gastroenterologists and urologists in a dedicated facility. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Other causes include infection, blockage of pancreatic duct or weight conditions. (vetinfo.com)

Considering taking medication to treat exocrine+pancreatic+insufficiency? (webmd.com)

Lowenfels AB, Sullivan T, Fiorianti J, Maisonneuve P. The epidemiology and impact of pancreatic diseases in the United States. (medscape.com)
While these diseases are rather rare, there are individuals who have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). (medicgenius.com)

First, an organized necrosis is actually devitalized pancreatic tissue that appears cystlike on computed tomography (CT) scans, but it appears to be solid on other imaging modalities. (medscape.com)

Studies show that patients who undergo pancreatic surgery performed by an experienced surgeon with a strong clinical support team have the best outcomes. (cancercare.org)
AzurRx BioPharma, in partnership with Mayoly Spindler , announced that a recent Phase 2a clinical trial testing MS1819-SD as a potential treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) achieved its goals, namely a statistically significant improvement in fat absorption. (mecfa.org)
For exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, in a clinical setting, a noninvasive pancreatic function test (PFT) should be performed. (medscape.com)

A stool elastase test is used check for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) when a person has belly pain and other digestive symptoms that don't have a known cause. (medlineplus.gov)

HP occurs in patients carrying mutations in genes encoding digestive proteases or proteins playing an important role in proper pancreatic function and homeostasis. (qxmd.com)
Intestinal damage, a histological feature of "classical" CD, correlates with the degree of decline in exocrine pancreatic function (38). (pancreapedia.org)
Inhibition of islet cell function as a result of pancreatic disease is yet another reason. (medscape.com)

Ali S, T N, Gagloo M, Dhar S. Revisiting the problem of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in surgical patients. (medscape.com)

Three views of a pancreatic pseudocyst noted during endoscopic ultrasound. (medscape.com)

If you are taking pancreatic enzyme supplements, you may need to stop taking them for five days before the test. (medlineplus.gov)

Individual pancreatic replacement therapy along with pancreatin medication is advised to the patient in severe cases. (researchandmarkets.com)
13 C-mixed triglyceride breath test ( 13 C-MTGT) is a non-invasive test for the detection of moderate and severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), but it requires prolonged breath sampling. (radioloncol.com)

Following pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs) were approved by USFDA for the treatment of EPI: Zenpep and Creon in 2009, Viokace and Ultresa in 2012, Pancreaze in 2010, and Pertzye in 2012. (researchandmarkets.com)
In recent years, additional treatment options have become available to people living with pancreatic cancer, and more are on the horizon. (cancercare.org)

Shwachman syndrome is characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hematologic abnormalities, including increased risk of malignant transformation, and skeletal abnormalities. (lu.se)

Key factors responsible for growth of this market involve, increasing global incidences of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, demands of advanced therapeutics and presence of significant number of pipeline drugs. (researchandmarkets.com)
This report covers detailed insights on Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Drugs under development, targeted therapeutics, assessment by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (datavagyanik.com)
Break-down of the Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Drugs under development in terms of potential market segments, targeted therapeutics and assessment by indications. (datavagyanik.com)

What causes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in adults? (clevelandclinic.org)

Each year, more than 55,000 people in the United States-most over the age of 60-will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. (cancercare.org)
If surgery is chosen, patients should select a surgeon who has a high level of experience operating on pancreatic cancer, and who works with a dedicated hospital support team. (cancercare.org)
Can 'top-up' small bowel tube feeding, with intensive dietitian support delivered via telehealth, improve quality of life in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer? (who.int)
To deliver appropriate nutritional support, advice, and symptom management to people with advanced (inoperable) pancreatic cancer having palliative chemotherapy. (who.int)
Having type 3c diabetes is associated with a 33-fold increased risk for pancreatic cancer-an enormous increase. (medscape.com)
Suresh Chari, MD, continued the discussion of diabetes and pancreatic disorders, focusing on the relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
The risk is not as high as with type 3c diabetes, but it still constitutes a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)

Anatomy6

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Enzymes38

Pancreas15

PERT7

Fecal4

Chronic pancreatitis13

Pancreatitis12

Cystic Fibrosis Patients2

Acinar3

Diabetes mellitus1

Porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement1

Diagnosis6

Nonpancreatic3

Medscape1

Pseudocysts1

Direct pancreatic function1

Treating pancreatic cancer1

Digestive problems1

Prevalence2

Amylase1

Tumors2

Etiology1

Abdominal1

Digest food1

Patients with cystic fibrosis1

Complications1

Celiac1

Malabsorption2

Treatments3

Duct2

Medication to treat1

Diseases2

Tissue1

Clinical3

Stool1

Function3

Surgical1

Pseudocyst1

Enzyme supplements1

Severe2

Treatment2

Abnormalities1

Therapeutics3

Adults1

Cancer7