Eukaryotic initiation factor 4f. Medical search. Frequent questions

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) is a heterotrimeric protein complex that binds the 5' cap of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to promote eukaryotic translation initiation. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian eIF4F complex was first described in 1983, and has been a major area of study into the molecular mechanisms of cap-dependent translation initiation ever since. (wikipedia.org)
eIF4F is important for recruiting the small ribosomal subunit (40S) to the 5' cap of mRNAs during cap-dependent translation initiation. (wikipedia.org)
One major mechanism is called CAP dependent translation, which catalyzes the production of proteins through the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) CAP complex (an assembly of several proteins that function to accelerate certain protein synthesis). (pictherapeutics.com)

eIF4E binds the m7G 5' cap and the eIF4G scaffold, connecting the mRNA 5' terminus to a hub of other initiation factors and mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation of 4E-BPs by mTOR prevents their binding to eIF4E, freeing eIF4E to bind eIF4G and participate in translation initiation. (wikipedia.org)
AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. (senescence.info)
While eIF4E binds to the 5′-cap structure, eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that hydrolyzes ATP in order to unwind secondary structure present in the 5′-leader of an mRNA that would otherwise inhibit 40S subunit scanning during its search for the initiation codon [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
eIF4E binds to the 7 methyl GTP cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs. (affbiotech.com)

Although the bacterial 30 S ribosomal subunit can identify the initiation codon through base-pairing between the 3′-end of its16 S ribosomal RNA subunit and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of the initiation codon, the 40 S ribosomal subunit of the eukaryotic 80 S ribosome requires several translation initiation factors (eIFs) for its binding to an mRNA and to identify the initiation codon [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Although eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that binds the MA3 domain of eIF4G to promote translation initiation, binding of eIF4A to the MA3 domains of PDCD4 inhibits protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures (PubMed:16271312, PubMed:22578813). (wuxibiortus.com)

Both the 5' cap (m7GpppN) and the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs are important regulators of translation efficiency in vivo. (oregonstate.edu)
These data suggest that 1) exogenous poly(A) may bind to and sequester factors required for translation and 2) that capped messages compete with poly(A) more efficiently for these factors than do uncapped mRNAs. (oregonstate.edu)
Oncogene mRNAs have complex tertiary structure and are particularly dependent on the 4F complex for efficient translation. (pictherapeutics.com)
EIF5B (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B) is a conserved eukaryotic translation factor that mediates association of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits during eukaryotic translation initiation, and modulates the cell cycle progression by regulating the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORF)-containing mRNAs such as p27 and p21 [ 3 ]. (techscience.com)

PIC Therapeutics is working to translate our Scientific Co-Founder's discoveries into small molecule therapeutics that restore dysregulated protein synthesis in cancer cells by targeting the 4F complex. (pictherapeutics.com)
Eukaryotic initiation factor of protein synthesis. (uams.edu)

PDCD4 is composed of two MA3 domains that share similarity with the single MA3 domain present in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4G, which serves as a scaffold protein to assemble several initiation factors needed for the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit to an mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex. (mcw.edu)
A trimeric peptide initiation factor complex that associates with the 5' MRNA cap structure of RNA ( RNA CAPS ) and plays an essential role in MRNA TRANSLATION . (nih.gov)
Component of a multiprotein complex that sequesters and represses translation of proneurogenic factors during neurogenesis (By similarity). (wuxibiortus.com)
Injury to these neurons causes activation of translation regulation signaling, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinase(MNK) eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E pathways. (tdl.org)
Many studies have implicated altered 4F CAP complex behavior in cellular transformation and oncogenesis, with enhanced activity being associated with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. (pictherapeutics.com)
As initiation proceeds, eIF-2 forms a ternary complex with Met-tRNAi and GTP. (uams.edu)

Poly(A) binds to initiation factors and increases cap-dependent translation in vitro. (oregonstate.edu)
BAF60 binds nucleosome-free regions of multiple G box-containing genes, opposing in cis the promoting effect of the photomorphogenic and thermomorphogenic regulator Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) on hypocotyl elongation. (biomedcentral.com)

In higher eukaryotes the factor consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. (uams.edu)

In addition to its role in translation initiation, also acts as a regulator of translation and stability in the cytoplasm (PubMed:24335285). (wuxibiortus.com)

Gel shift analysis of purified initiation factors isolated from wheat germ confirmed that eIF-4B and eIF-4F do in fact form complexes with poly(A) in vitro. (oregonstate.edu)

Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating AKT1 which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. (senescence.info)

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)

however, addition of poly(A) prevented this eIF-4B- or eIF-4F-mediated stimulation. (oregonstate.edu)
Addition of eIF-4F or eIF-4B, alone, was not sufficient to restore translation in lysate to which poly(A) had been added. (oregonstate.edu)

In this study, we investigated the functional role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (EIF5B) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms. (techscience.com)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
The major risk factors associated with HCC development and progression include chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections, high alcohol consumption, and activation of oncogenes [ 2 ]. (techscience.com)
The bZIP ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) transcription factor is another major regulator of thermo- and photomorphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Also, DR only retards the progression of specific cancers, possibly because of its relatively small effect on glucose and growth factors (7, 8). (kingdomfasting.com)

Furthermore, Notch is responsible for the regulation of known stem cell factor genes. (nature.com)

eIF4F is important for recruiting the small ribosomal subunit (40S) to the 5' cap of mRNAs during cap-dependent translation initiation. (wikipedia.org)
16. Translation initiation in Leishmania major: characterisation of multiple eIF4F subunit homologues. (nih.gov)
9. Functional dissection of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F: the 4A subunit and the central domain of the 4G subunit are sufficient to mediate internal entry of 43S preinitiation complexes. (nih.gov)
The eukaryotic 80S ribosome is composed of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit. (lookformedical.com)
eIF4E is a subunit of the eIF4F protein initiation complex and required for its recruitment. (biomedcentral.com)
Cryptosporidium muris RN66 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit family protein, mRNA. (genscript.com)
TAF4, a subunit of transcription factor II D, directs promoter occupancy of nuclear receptor HNF4A during post-natal hepatocyte differentiation. (genscript.com)

Our data also support the hypothesis that alpha(6)beta(4) can regulate ErbB-3 expression at the translational level as evidenced by the findings that alpha(6)beta(4) does not increase ErbB-3 mRNA significantly, and that this regulation is both rapamycin sensitive and dependent on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. (nih.gov)
3. A new translational regulator with homology to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. (nih.gov)

Inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation by the marine natural product pateamine A". Molecular Cell. (wikipedia.org)
The activation of PERK initiates the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), resulting in the inhibition of global translation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

13. Was the initiation of translation in early eukaryotes IRES-driven? (nih.gov)
We provide clues to function and define lineage-specific organelle adaptations for parasitism, mapping the ultraconserved cellular architecture of eukaryotes, including the first comprehensive 'cartographic' analysis of the eukaryotic flagellum, which is vital for morphogenesis and pathology. (nature.com)
Moreover, the flagellum is also a widely conserved organelle in eukaryotes and a defining feature of the last eukaryotic common ancestor 9 , but not yet analysed by genome-wide protein localization mapping using microscopy. (nature.com)

An isoform of eukaryotic initiation factor-4F found in plants. (bvsalud.org)

2. RNA aptamers to mammalian initiation factor 4G inhibit cap-dependent translation by blocking the formation of initiation factor complexes. (nih.gov)
18. High affinity RNA for mammalian initiation factor 4E interferes with mRNA-cap binding and inhibits translation. (nih.gov)
14. High affinity RNA for mammalian initiation factor 4E interferes with mRNA-cap binding and inhibits translation. (nih.gov)

Our data support the concept that chromatin opening during transcriptional initiation involves intermediates with DNA breaks that subsequently require DNA repair mechanisms to ensure genome integrity. (nature.com)
As the eukaryotic genome is passed between generations, there occurs significant remodeling or re-programming of the gamete epigenomes as they merge in the zygote. (biomedcentral.com)

4. Regulation of cap-dependent translation initiation in the early stage porcine parthenotes. (nih.gov)
In both gametophytes, the retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR) plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle by inhibiting cell cycle entry through repressing E2F transcription factors. (frontiersin.org)

Although HMG proteins do not possess intrinsic transcriptional activity, they are called architectural transcription factors because they modulate the transcription of their target genes by altering the chromatin structure at the promoter and/or enhancers 15 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, we demonstrated the biological relevance of this mechanism of transcriptional initiation within the context of TGFB1 signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nature.com)
Hyperphosphorylation of the Pol II CTD is considered a hallmark of 'active Pol II' that has progressed past the initiation stage and begun transcriptional elongation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Growth factors regulate the mTOR1 pathway through PI3K and AKT [4]. (researchsquare.com)

In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, chromatin is the physiological template of all DNA-dependent processes including transcription. (nature.com)

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway overexpresses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and appears to have a significant part in their survival and chemotherapy resistance. (bvsalud.org)

Translation elongation factor-1 α , La, and PTB interact with the 3′ untranslated region of dengue 4 virus RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Peptide Elongation Factor G catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site of bacterial ribosomes by a process linked to hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. (lookformedical.com)

The REproductive Meristem (REM) gene family encodes for transcription factors belonging to the B3 DNA binding domain superfamily. (frontiersin.org)

9. Cap-independent translation conferred by the 5' leader of tobacco etch virus is eukaryotic initiation factor 4G dependent. (nih.gov)
1. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E availability controls the switch between cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation. (nih.gov)

Gel shift analysis of purified initiation factors isolated from wheat germ confirmed that eIF-4B and eIF-4F do in fact form complexes with poly(A) in vitro. (oregonstate.edu)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F architectural alterations accompany translation initiation factor redistribution in poxvirus-infected cells. (ucsb.edu)

IRE1 splices transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA, leading to a frameshift and the subsequent translation of functional XBP1 protein [ 28 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Upon ER stress, the ER-localized 90 kDa activating transcription factor 6 (p90ATF6) is proteolytically cleaved to produce the transcriptionally active amino-terminal 50 kDa (p50ATF6) product where it enters the nucleus to activate a subset of unfolded protein response and ER-associated degradation (also known as ERAD) genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Three transmembrane ER stress sensor proteins have been identified and comprehensively characterized: PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (biomedcentral.com)
By binding the ER stress response element (ERSE) and UPR element promoter regions, the spliced transcription factor XBP1 can sequentially stimulate different subsets of genes encoding proteins that promote the folding and degradation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in a process termed ER-associated degradation (also known as ERAD) [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the order of events and the precise function of high-mobility group proteins during transcription initiation remain unclear. (nature.com)

Among the eIFs, the most abundant factor is eIF4A, a DEAD-box RNA-binding protein. (biorxiv.org)

Addition of eIF-4F or eIF-4B, alone, was not sufficient to restore translation in lysate to which poly(A) had been added. (oregonstate.edu)

translation initiation factor 4G;MIF4G domain;Eukaryotic. (ntu.edu.sg)

they have long been assumed to have redundant roles in translation initiation. (biorxiv.org)

Given that ErbB-2 can activate PI3K only when it heterodimerizes with other members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, these data imply that other receptors cooperate in this process. (nih.gov)
Phosphorylation of additional residues also occurs, for example, in response to insulin growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factor. (nih.gov)

Tumor suppressor APC is lost in 85% of CRCs, leading to β-catenin stabilization, activation of Wnt targets such as c-Myc (Myc) and cyclin D1 and cancer initiation, which cooperates with hyperactivated RAS/RAF/ERK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer progression [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Eukaryotic cells harness a number of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) to achieve accurate and efficient initiation ( Sonenberg and Hinnebusch, 2009 ). (biorxiv.org)

To address this question, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the potential link between genetic and environmental factors of health and disease. (nih.gov)

Here we will focus on HMG AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2), a member of the HMGA family that mediates transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1, commonly known as TGFβ1) signaling 16 . (nature.com)

These data highlight the novel response of the general transcription factor TAF4B to estrogen in the normal ovary and during ovarian tumor progression in the mouse. (genscript.com)

NP-Nrf2_siRNA-CP were significantly capable of cell apoptosis induction and proliferation prevention marked by respectively decreased and increased anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors. (bvsalud.org)
TrypTag is a transformative resource, important for hypothesis generation for both eukaryotic evolutionary molecular cell biology and fundamental parasite cell biology. (nature.com)
T . brucei is an early-branching eukaryote (Fig. 1a ), giving enormous insight into eukaryote evolutionary cell biology and losses or gains in organelle complexity since the last eukaryotic common ancestor. (nature.com)

An intimate relationship between alpha(6)beta(4) and growth factor receptors may explain this effect of alpha(6)beta(4) on signaling. (nih.gov)

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EIF4F4

EIF4E5

Subunit of the eukaryotic1

EIF4G1

Ribosome1

MRNAs4

Protein synthesis2

Ribosomal subunit1

Complex6

Binds2

Gamma1

Cytoplasm1

Vitro1

Apoptosis1

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Role1

Major3

Growth factors1

Responsible1

Subunit7

Translational2

Inhibition2

Eukaryotes3

Isoform1

Mammalian3

Genome2

Regulation2

Transcriptional3

Regulate1

Chromatin1

Pathway1

Elongation factor2

Superfamily1

Dependent2

Complexes1

Architectural1

Functional1

Amino1

Proteins3

EIF4A1

Sufficient1

Domain1

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Epidermal2

PI3K1

Cells1

Mechanisms1

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Transcription factor1

Cell3

Growth1