ReceptorsHormonesDiethylstilbestrolReceptorAromatase inhibitorAndrogensNonsteroidal estrogenSynthetic estrogenEstrogenic activityTamoxifenPostmenopausalAgonistConcentrationsAnti-inflammatory medicationsCell proliferationSteroidsProgesteroneMimicBiosynthesisDosesReproductiveIsoflavonesAntiestrogenSynthesisHYPOGONADISMEquolDrugsTumorsAnabolicDeprivationBirth contrNaturalSubstrateDerivativesMenstrualEffectsBoneMenopauseClinicalExposureWithdrawalDependOrganicSuggestsBreast cancer cells
Receptors10
- Steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- Two types of estrogen receptor exist: ER, which is a member of the nuclear hormone family of intracellular receptors, and the estrogen G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 , which is a G protein-coupled. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- Nonsteroidal estrogens act as agonists of the estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. (wikipedia.org)
- The result would be very thin, uniform layers of polymer matrix imprinted with receptors for the target estrogen molecule. (uky.edu)
- The extreme thinness of the polymer layer will allow ready diffusion of the target molecules (steroidal estrogen) to the receptors where they will be trapped. (uky.edu)
- Because its molecules lock into the same cell receptors as does oestrogen, the body is duped into thinking that this activity has been stimulated by its own stores of natural oestrogen (Grant E. Sexual Chemistry: Understanding Our Hormones, The Pill and HRT. (healthy.net)
- Besides functioning as an antioxidant and anthelmintic , many isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors , causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen . (wikipedia.org)
- LGD-4033 navigates to muscle and bone estrogen receptors with high affinity and stimulates them. (publichealthlaw.net)
- Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. (reference.md)
- White and his fellow researchers speculate that soy's estrogen-like compounds (phytoestrogens) might compete with the body's natural estrogens for estrogen receptors in brain cells. (westonaprice.org)
Hormones6
- When gonadotropins reach the ovaries, they control the synthesis of steroidal sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. (kent.edu)
- Land application of horse stall bedding and municipal sludge can increase runoff concentrations of nutrients, organic matter and bacteria as well as steroidal hormones such as estrogen. (usda.gov)
- 2. ESTROGENS SHOULD NOT BE USED DURING PREGNANCY The use of female sex hormones, both estrogens and progestens, during early pregnancy may seriously damage the offspring. (drugs.com)
- Tofu and other soybean foods contain isoflavones, three-ringed molecules bearing a structural resemblance to mammalian steroidal hormones. (westonaprice.org)
- Antibiotics and hormones in meat can interfere with estrogen in women's bodies, and this could lead to breakouts and other health problems. (bellasante.com)
- In Bioidentical Hormones 101 , Dr. Jeffrey Dach provides numerous citations regarding the treatment of osteoarthritis with estrogens. (womensinternational.com)
Diethylstilbestrol6
- The most well-known example is the stilbestrol estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). (wikipedia.org)
- A previous report demonstrated that zeranol is comparable to natural 17β-estradiol (E2) and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol in its ability to transform MCF-10A normal human breast epithelial cells to a pre-cancerous phenotype in vitro ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- It has been shown that females exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol, a non-steroidal estrogen, have increased risk of developing in later life a form of vaginal or cervical cancer that is ordinarily extremely rare. (drugs.com)
- Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen that was used to prevent miscarriage and other pregnancy complications between 1938 and 1971 in the United States. (aafp.org)
- In 1971, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning about the use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy after a relationship between exposure to this synthetic estrogen and the development of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix was found in young women whose mothers had taken diethylstilbestrol while they were pregnant. (aafp.org)
- Between 1938 and 1971, as many as 4 million women in the United States took diethylstilbestrol (DES), an oral synthetic non-steroidal estrogen, for the purpose of improving pregnancy outcomes. (aafp.org)
Receptor11
- All of these steroids bind to the estrogen receptor(s) and have been shown to elicit a range of estrogenic responses in fish at environmentally relevant concentrations. (port.ac.uk)
- On the other hand, virtually all selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are nonsteroidal, with triphenylethylenes like tamoxifen and clomifene having been derived from DES, and these drugs remain widely used in medicine for the treatment of breast cancer among other indications. (wikipedia.org)
- Estrogen Action, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, and Women's Health: Progress and Promise. (wikipedia.org)
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Estrogen Receptor Modulators" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Estrogen Receptor Modulators" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Estrogen Receptor Modulators" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- The novel estrogen receptor modulator STX attenuates Amyloid-ß neurotoxicity in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (harvard.edu)
- If the estrogen receptor (ER) is present in breast cancer cells, estrogen enters into tumor cells and binds with ER, promoting mRNA and DNA synthesis of tumor cells, stimulating tumor cell growth. (lookchem.com)
- However, Tamoxifen Z isomer enters into the cell, competitively binding with ER to form receptor complexes, inhibiting that estrogen plays an role, and inhibiting proliferation of breast cancer cells. (lookchem.com)
- It is clear that estrogens increase mammary gland cell proliferation, predominantly via estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms in estrogen-dependent breast tumors ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Few studies have addressed whether risk reduction pertains to specific breast cancer subtypes defined jointly by hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. (medscape.com)
Aromatase inhibitor2
- Arimidex ( anastrozole ) is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women. (rxlist.com)
- ARIMIDEX ( anastrozole ) tablets for oral administration contain 1 mg of anastrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor . (rxlist.com)
Androgens3
- Anabolic steroids, androgens, prednisolone, and high-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications can increase prealbumin concentrations. (testing.com)
- In post-menopausal women, the principle source of estrogen comes from the conversion of adrenal and ovarian androgens to estrogens by the aromatase (exemestane) enzyme. (centerwatch.com)
- Aromatase is a cytochrome P450, which synthesizes estrogens by converting C19 androgens to aromatic C18 estrogenic steroids, thus catalyzing the rate-limiting or final step of estrogen synthesis ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Nonsteroidal estrogen2
- A nonsteroidal estrogen is an estrogen with a nonsteroidal chemical structure. (wikipedia.org)
- Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist, is the most prescribed drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (regrowth.com)
Synthetic estrogen3
- Chlorotrianisene is a nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen. (pharmacycode.com)
- Diethylstilboestrol (DES), the synthetic estrogen, caused re-productive deformities and reproductive cancer among a generation of children born to millions of American women who took the drug to prevent mis-carriage in the middle of the last century. (healthy.net)
- 5 , 6 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has instituted a campaign to educate health care professionals and patients about the risks associated with exposure to this synthetic estrogen. (aafp.org)
Estrogenic activity3
- E type has weak estrogenic activity, Z type having the effect of anti-estrogen. (lookchem.com)
- They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes. (nih.gov)
- Zeranol is a non‑steroidal agent with potent estrogenic activity, which is widely used as a growth promoter for cattle in certain countries. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tamoxifen11
- Tamoxifen is non-steroidal anti-estrogen drugs. (lookchem.com)
- Although tamoxifen behaves primarily as an estrogen antagonist, it has agonist (or growth-stimulatory) activity as well. (regrowth.com)
- The absence of agonist activity may make this steroidal antiestrogen superior to tamoxifen in suppressing tumor cell growth. (regrowth.com)
- PURPOSE: We compared the inhibitory effects of ICI 182,780, tamoxifen, and estrogen withdrawal on the growth of established tumors and on tumorigenesis in a model system that uses estrogen-dependent, human MCF-7 breast tumor cells growing in athymic nude mice. (regrowth.com)
- The effects of repeated doses of tamoxifen and ICI 182,780 (500 micrograms and 5 mg, respectively) on the growth of established tumors (8-10 mm in size) were determined after supplemental estrogen was removed. (regrowth.com)
- To evaluate the hormonal responsiveness of tumors resistant to tamoxifen and ICI182,780, 1-mm3 segments of the tumors were transplanted onto the flanks of new recipient mice, which were then treated with estrogen or the antiestrogens-alone or in combination. (regrowth.com)
- RESULTS: Treatment with ICI 182,780 suppressed the growth of established tumors twice as long as treatment with tamoxifen or estrogen withdrawal. (regrowth.com)
- Tumorigenesis, in the absence of supplemental estrogen, was delayed to a greater extent in ICI182,780-treated mice than in tamoxifen-treated mice. (regrowth.com)
- ICI 182,780 was found to be more effective than tamoxifen in reducing the expression of estrogen-regulated genes. (regrowth.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: ICI 182,780is a more effective estrogen antagonist than tamoxifen in the MCF-7 tumor cell/nude mouse model system. (regrowth.com)
- Arimidex may not work as well if taken with tamoxifen or an estrogen medication. (rxlist.com)
Postmenopausal6
- Clinically it is mainly used for high levels of estrogen in breast cancer patients, which combines with androgen and other anticancer drugs (such as doxorubicin, etc., enhancing the effectiveness and showing good effect in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. (lookchem.com)
- Exemestane significantly lowers circulating estrogen concentrations in postmenopausal women, but has no detectable effect on adrenal biosynthesis of corticosteroids or aldosterone. (centerwatch.com)
- Although the major site of estrogen production is reproductive tissue, peripheral estrogen synthesis in adipose or fat tissue is thought to be a major source of estrogen in postmenopausal women ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Estrogen production in adipose tissue has previously been demonstrated to provide excessive estrogen for the stimulation and progression of postmenopausal breast cancer cells, and elevated enzymatic activity of aromatase has been detected in the adjacent adipose stroma of breast carcinoma ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Three independent case control studies have shown an increased risk od endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women exposed to exogenous estrogens for prolonged periods. (drugs.com)
- Letrozole Is A Non-steroidal Inhibitor Of Aromatase That Effectively Blocks Estrogen Synthesis In Postmenopausal Females. (blogadda.com)
Agonist1
- Zeranol is a non-steroidal estrogen agonist that is approved for use as a growth promoter in livestock, including beef cattle, in various countries. (spandidos-publications.com)
Concentrations3
- Estrogens may also decrease elevated blood cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations. (pharmacycode.com)
- As a result, the concentrations of estrogen, on which breast cancer cells may depend, are lowered. (centerwatch.com)
- SHBG serum concentrations depend on the extent, duration, and the kind of estrogen applied, and how regulation takes place. (cdc.gov)
Anti-inflammatory medications1
- This study assessed the prospective risk of breast cancer (overall and by subtype) according to use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) in a cohort of female public school professionals in California. (medscape.com)
Cell proliferation4
- The present study hypothesized that aromatase expression and activity may be elevated by low dose zeranol exposure, providing a source of estrogens that may stimulate cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The effects of zeranol on cell proliferation were measured using the MTS assay, aromatase expression levels were determined by immunocytochemical staining and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, and aromatase enzyme activity and estrogen production were analyzed using corresponding assay kits. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The results demonstrated that low dose zeranol (2‑50 nM) was able to significantly promote cell proliferation, aromatase mRNA expression, aromatase activity and estrogen production in primary cultured human breast preadipocytes, thus suggesting that zeranol may act as an aromatase activator. (spandidos-publications.com)
- 2008). New steroidal aromatase inhibitors: Suppression of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation and induction of cell death . (up.pt)
Steroids2
- Field and laboratory studies support a mechanism based on endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which interfere with the formation of gonadal steroids such as estrogen and the development of the reproductive tract. (eurekalert.org)
- however, this herb should probably not be used in conjunction with steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). (rxmed.com)
Progesterone1
- Accompanying the decline of estrogens is a corresponding decline in the production of progesterone. (womensinternational.com)
Mimic2
- Male roach in English rivers often develop female characteristics, a consequence of natural and synthetic steroidal estrogens and chemicals that mimic estrogens. (eurekalert.org)
- They evolved compounds that mimic natural estrogen. (westonaprice.org)
Biosynthesis2
- Aromatase is a crucial enzyme for the biosynthesis of estrogens and is involved in the process of breast carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The findings of the present study suggest that zeranol promotes breast cancer cell growth by stimulating aromatase activation and increasing estrogen biosynthesis in adipose tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
Doses3
- The benefit derived from estrogen therapy in the prevention of postpartum breast engorgement must be carefully weighed against the potential increased risk of puerperal thromboembolism associated with the use of large doses of estrogens. (pharmacycode.com)
- Although the evidence must be considered preliminary, one study suggests that cyclic administration in low doses of estrogen may carry less risk than continuos administration, 3 it therefore appears prudent to utilize such a regimen. (drugs.com)
- There is no evidence at present that "natural" estrogens are more or less hazardous than "synthetic" estrogens at equiestrogenic doses. (drugs.com)
Reproductive1
- Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. (reference.md)
Isoflavones1
- however, isoflavones and their metabolites have biological properties that are quite separate from classic estrogen action. (medscape.com)
Antiestrogen1
- The effects of antiestrogen treatments on the process of tumorigenesis, in the absence of estrogen supplementation, were determined by initiating drug administration on the same day as tumor cell inoculation. (regrowth.com)
Synthesis2
- The synthesis of estrogens in breast tissue is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatase, which is encoded by the gene cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Its synthesis and secretion are regulated by estrogen. (cdc.gov)
HYPOGONADISM1
- Testosterone is determined in men when reduced testosterone production is suspected, e.g. in hypogonadism, estrogen therapy, chromosome aberrations (as in the Klinefelter's syndrome) and liver cirrhosis. (cdc.gov)
Equol1
- The dietary origin of the weak oestrogen equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman) present in human urine has been investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (endocrinology-journals.org)
Drugs2
- Drugs such as amiodarone, estrogens, and oral contraceptives (birth control pills) can decrease prealbumin levels. (testing.com)
- We also studied the hormonal responsiveness of tumors that became resistant to the two estrogen antagonists and the effects of these drugs on estrogen-regulated gene expression. (regrowth.com)
Tumors2
- Expression of the estrogen-responsive genes, pLIV1 and pS2, in the tumors of treated animals was analyzed using blots of total cellular RNA and complementary DNA probes. (regrowth.com)
- Most tumors eventually became resistant to ICI 182,780 and grew independently of estrogen. (regrowth.com)
Anabolic1
- Estrogens have a weak anabolic effect and may cause sodium retention with associated fluid retention and edema. (pharmacycode.com)
Deprivation1
- Dr. Dach cites studies that demonstrate osteoarthritis pain as a result of estrogen deprivation, as well as animal and human studies showing the benefits of restoring estrogen. (womensinternational.com)
Birth contr1
- Products containing estrogen (such as birth control pills ) should not be used. (rxlist.com)
Natural1
- Exemestane is an irreversible, steroidal aromatase inactivator, structurally related to the natural substrate androstenedione. (centerwatch.com)
Substrate1
- And because it is non-steroidal, it does not act as a substrate for CYP19 estrogen or 2-deoxy. (publichealthlaw.net)
Derivatives2
- Butcher's Broom contains a mixture of steroidal saponin glycosides, particularly the modified cholesterol derivatives ruscogenin and neuroruscogenin. (rxmed.com)
- 2013). New steroidal 17β-carboxy derivatives present anti-5α-reductase activity and anti-proliferative effects in a human androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line . (up.pt)
Menstrual2
- During the preovulatory or nonovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, estrogen is the principal determinant in the onset of menstruation. (pharmacycode.com)
- Gynecology (i.e. menstrual problems, troubles with taking estrogens, cramps of pregnancy, varicose veins of pregnancy). (rxmed.com)
Effects2
- Concerns have been raised regarding the effects of environmental estrogens as potential regulators of aromatase expression in human breast cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
- 2013). Effects of steroidal aromatase inhibitors on sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells: Aromatase inhibition and autophagy . (up.pt)
Bone1
- Estrogens affect bone by increasing calcium deposition and accelerating epiphyseal closure, following initial growth stimulation. (pharmacycode.com)
Menopause1
- After menopause, when the body no longer produces estrogen, chlorotrianisene is used as a simple replacement of estrogen. (pharmacycode.com)
Exposure2
- One of the potential factors that contributes to breast carcinogenesis is the increased exposure of epithelial cells to estrogens produced locally by the tissue microenvironment ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Long-term exposure to estrogens and non-estrogenic agents with estrogenic actions, such as endocrine disruptors, may be important in human breast carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Withdrawal1
- Acute overdosage of estrogens may cause nausea, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females. (pharmacycode.com)
Depend2
- Aromasin, a new drug to treat post-menopausal advanced breast cancer in patients for whom treatment with tamofixen was ineffective, has been shown to inhibit the production of estrogen, upon which some breast cancer cells depend. (centerwatch.com)
- The rik appears to depend on both duration of treatment 1 and on estrogen dose. (drugs.com)
Organic1
- If you can, try to buy organic, non-steroidal and non-hormonal meat. (bellasante.com)
Suggests1
- Although estrogen's role in the central nervous system is not well understood, White notes that "a growing body of information suggests that estrogens may be needed for optimal repair and replacement of neural structures eroded with aging. (westonaprice.org)
Breast cancer cells1
- Stabilization of MORC2 by estrogen and antiestrogens through GPER1- PRKACA-CMA pathway contributes to estrogen-induced proliferation and endocrine resistance of breast cancer cells. (harvard.edu)