• Later studies by many investigators showed original antigenic sin to be a general phenomenon associated with numerous related/sequentially infecting virus strains that contain multiple external epitopes of varying cross-specificity (i.e., ability to elicit cross-reactive antibody), including antigenically drifting viruses such as influenza A, and the more stable flaviviruses, which circulate concurrently as multiple distinct viruses, virus serotypes, and virus strains ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • and when sequential exposure intervals are long, consistent with ongoing selection and expansion of lymphocyte clones that have increasing antibody avidity at key cross-reactive epitopes ( 7 - 10 ) and possibly with epitope competition between naïve and antigen-specific B cells ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The MECA-79 antibody reacts with sulfate-dependent carbohydrate epitopes of peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • MECA-79 antibody inhibits L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte and platelet homing to lymph nodes in vivo , and in vitro adhesion to lymphoid tissue HEV and immobilized PNAd. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD45RB is expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and dendritic cells.The MEM-143 is therefore not neuraminidase sensitive like most other anti-CD45RB antibodies (including standard antibody MEM-55). (lsbio.com)
  • The original monoclonal antibody was generated by sequencing peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient exposed to the SARS-CoV. (abcam.com)
  • Likewise, antigen/antibody complexes are bound by the FcR of APCs and processed in a unique fashion dependent on the epitope specificity of the bound antibody. (hindawi.com)
  • The 581 antibody recognizes the class III group epitope which is resistant to sialidase/glycolyprotease and chymopapain treatment. (biolegend.com)
  • BF residues 78 and 81 (HLA 79 and 82) form an antibody epitope with a slight effect on ALV antigen presentation, consistent with their predicted orientation based on the HLA-A2 crystal structure. (usda.gov)
  • Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using VisUCyte Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # VCTS021 ). (rndsystems.com)
  • Monoclonal antibody 9EG7 defines a novel beta 1 integrin epitope induced by soluble ligand and manganese, but inhibited by calcium. (xenbase.org)
  • Epitope spreading is defined as the diversification of epitope specificity from the initial focused, dominant epitope-specific immune response, directed against a self or foreign protein, to subdominant and/or cryptic epitopes on that protein (intramolecular spreading) or other proteins (intermolecular spreading). (nature.com)
  • Evidence continues to accumulate supporting the hypothesis that tissue damage during an immune response can lead to the priming of self-reactive T and/or B lymphocytes, regardless of the specificity of the initial insult. (nature.com)
  • Our data demonstrate that type-specific CTL responses make up a significant proportion of the host cellular immune response against HIV-1 and that a broadening of epitope specificity may occur. (jci.org)
  • For confirming the S protein-specificity of IgG4-expressing B lymphocyte clones, four mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) were cloned from the BCR (B cell receptor) sequences, and their RBD binding and S protein-binding were assessed. (news-medical.net)
  • Suboptimal Stimulation by Weak Agonist Epitope Variants Does Not Drive Dysfunction of HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clones. (aidshealth.org)
  • Importantly, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones specific for viral epitopes from one strain often showed diminished recognition of the corresponding epitopes in other strains. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, human DC treated with the recombinant CyaA were shown to process and present efficiently the melanoma epitopes to human CTL clones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the present paper, we have defined a dengue serotype-cross-reactive epitope recognized by two CD4+ CD8- cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, JK36 and JK46. (umassmed.edu)
  • These T cell clones were established from the peripheral blood T lymphocytes of a dengue-3-immune donor, using a limiting dilution method. (umassmed.edu)
  • The amino acid sequence of the peptide epitope was compared to six other known virus peptides known to be restricted by HLA B8 and a sequence homology was identified, which predicted nonamer and octamer epitope sequences. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD8+ CTL lines were derived from lymphocytes of two HLA B37-positive donors and used to show that the peptide was represented on virus-infected cells and to determine the probable boundaries of the epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • HLA-A*0201 presents TAP-dependent peptide epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the absence of tapasin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We show here that while tapasin is required for HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2) molecules to bind to TAP, its absence does not block the presentation of HLA-A2-restricted TAP-dependent epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes indicating that, unlike HLA-A1, HLA-B8 and HLA-B4402, HLA-A2 has access to the TAP-dependent peptide pool even in the absence of tapasin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Within HIV-1 RT the peptide appears to be the dominant HLA A*0201-restricted epitope. (anaspec.com)
  • Tumour vaccination studies suggest that epitope spreading may increase the efficiency of peptide vaccination. (nature.com)
  • Flow Pharma, Inc. is a biotechnology company in the San Francisco Bay Area developing fully synthetic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)stimulating peptide vaccines for Marburg virus. (sbir.gov)
  • We previously described the use of the 16 amino acid peptide penetratin from the Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain (penetratin, Antp) to transport cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from ovalbumin (OVA) or the Mucin-1 tumor-associated antigen into cells. (edu.au)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (lsbio.com)
  • Further, flow cytometry analysis was performed to characterize anti-S memory B lymphocytes by IgG subclasses among PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) samples, obtained from 11 individuals post-second dose and third dose administration. (news-medical.net)
  • We use two evaluation datasets consisting of known HIV CTL epitopes and their source proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of type-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to homologous viral proteins in laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1. (jci.org)
  • Characterization of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HIV-1 has been limited by the use of target cells expressing viral proteins from laboratory isolates of HIV-1. (jci.org)
  • However, limited data are available about sequence variability in CD8 + T cell epitope regions of mumps virus (MuV) proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • The secondary objective was to assess the effect of anti-OX40 on lymphocyte subsets in the tumor and blood. (bepress.com)
  • BD Tritest™ CD3 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/CD4 phycoerythrin (PE)/CD45 peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP) is a three-color direct immunofluorescence reagent for use with a suitably equipped flow cytometer to identify and determine the percentages and absolute counts of mature human T lymphocytes (CD3 + ) and helper/inducer (CD3 + CD4 + ) T-lymphocytes subsets in erythrocyte-lysed whole blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Lastly, for each method, we calculate the percentage of known epitopes that rank within the 5% peptides with the highest predicted score. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the large-scale benchmark calculation consisting of 216 known HIV epitopes covering all 12 recognized HLA supertypes, the NetCTL-1.2 method was shown to have a sensitivity among the 5% top-scoring peptides above 0.72. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reliable predictions of immunogenic peptides can minimize the experimental effort needed to identify new epitopes to be used in, for example, vaccine design or for diagnostic purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A sequence pattern for peptides presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by HLA B8 revealed by analysis of epitopes and eluted peptides. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The dominant epitope was mapped using recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed fragments of the NP and then synthetic peptides based on the NP amino acid sequence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • One of the predicted epitope peptides was made and shown to be recognized by specific CTL. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This causal lentivirus can be found in monocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages of infected sheep in the presence of humoral and cell mediated immune response and can also be detected by conducting several serological tests. (wikipedia.org)
  • The non-restricted CD45 epitope is present on the surface of all human leucocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils monocytes, basophils and neutrophils by order of decreasing level of expression. (beckman.com)
  • HLA B8-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for influenza A virus were generated and shown to recognize the nucleoprotein (NP). (ox.ac.uk)
  • HLA B37 determines an influenza A virus nucleoprotein epitope recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recombinant adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis induces cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against HLA*0201-restricted melanoma epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • With a view to elaborating cancer immunotherapy in humans using CyaA, we constructed two recombinant CyaA carrying HLA*0201-restricted melanoma epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lack of strong immune selection pressure by the immunodominant, HLA-A 0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. (anaspec.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. (usda.gov)
  • Several human studies have observed epitope spreading in beta cell-specific humoral responses from birth to disease onset in offspring of diabetic parents. (nature.com)
  • Induction of anti-inflammatory T helper (T H )2 responses via epitope spreading may be an important intrinsic immunoregulatory mechanism geared to limit tissue destruction and promote re-establishment of tissue-specific immune tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Early induction of a T H 2 response to one specific β-cell autoantigen (βCAA) accelerated epitope spreading of T H 2 responses to other βCAAs and can prevent the development of diabetes in the NOD mice. (nature.com)
  • The two vaccine components elicit both B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte immune responses to the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. (medscimonit.com)
  • Population frequency of HLA types (or supertypes) and their capacity to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are also negatively correlated. (unige.ch)
  • This is a reverse transcriptase (RT) epitope (Pol residues 476-484). (anaspec.com)
  • Functional analysis employing site directed mutagenesis identified BF amino acid residues forming serologic epitopes as well as residues important in antigen presentation to ALV induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (usda.gov)
  • Eight of the epitopes identified were group specific, lying in relatively conserved regions of Gag, reverse transcriptase, and envelope. (jci.org)
  • Substantial increase in T cell-associated Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Granzyme B (GRB) upon exposure of splenic lymphocytes harvested from rWnt5A-treated mice to L. donovani-infected RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro validated the occurrence of L. donovani-responsive T cell activation in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we used circulating lymphocytes isolated from human blood and found that rotenone (50-250microM, 12-18h) caused apoptosis (phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase 3/7 activation), reactive oxygen species production (superoxide, H2O2), mitochondrial dysfunction (inactivation of complex I, decrease of mitochondria membrane potential, depletion of ATP) and activation of peroxidase activity of mitochondria. (cdc.gov)
  • The development of skin sensitization is associated with, and requires, the activation and clonal expansion of allergen responsive T lymphocytes and it is these cells that orchestrate the cutaneous allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • NetCTL is a web-based tool designed for predicting human CTL epitopes in any given protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, our results demonstrate that tumoral epitopes inserted into CyaA are efficiently processed and presented in association with human MHC molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This is the first epitope to be defined that is recognized by human CD4+ CTL cross-reactive for dengue virus types 2, 3, and 4. (umassmed.edu)
  • Human studies strongly suggest that epitope spreading has a role in ongoing disease, although epitope spreading is very difficult to verify in human disease. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of epitope spreading in various chronic immune-mediated human diseases and their animal models is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and to the ultimate goal of designing antigen-specific treatments. (nature.com)
  • Recently, the first set of naturally presented human leukocyte antigen Class I (HLA-I) epitopes of MuV was identified by us. (mdpi.com)
  • Notably, molecular species of oxygenated CL formed in human lymphocytes were similar to those formed in cyt c driven reaction in the presence of H2O2 - in line with the known participation of cytochrome as a catalyst of CL peroxidation during apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed for anti-S B lymphocytes obtained from four donor individuals 210.0 days post-second dose and 10.0 days post-third dose of Comirnaty vaccines. (news-medical.net)
  • The binding epitope is only accessible in the "open" conformation of the spike protein (Joyce et al. (abcam.com)
  • The full-length S protein in this vaccine has common epitopes that could protect against all the SARS-CoV-2 viral variants. (medscimonit.com)
  • We have now shown that penetratin covalently conjugated to OVA protein and linked in tandem to CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T-cell epitopes from OVA-stimulated T cells in vitro (B3Z T-cell hybridoma and OT-I and OT-II T cells). (edu.au)
  • With knowledge of the initial immune target, early antigen-specific treatments can block continued tissue damage, epitope spreading and clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis is able to deliver CD8(+) T cell epitopes into the cytosol of CD11b(+) dendritic cells (DC) following its specific interaction with the alpha(M)beta(2) integrin (CD11b/CD18). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The T cells diminished their reactivity to each epitope after stimulation but sequentially killed targets that presented the gag epitope and then targets that presented the nef epitope, or vice versa. (nih.gov)
  • Studies in two models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitogenic virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have shown conclusively that epitope spreading plays a pathological role in ongoing disease and that blocking this process by inducing tolerance to spread myelin epitopes or blocking costimulation of T cells (necessary for epitope spreading) blocks (EAE) or inhibits (TMEV-IDD) ongoing clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) are cytotoxic T-cells that are found in tumors. (shu.edu)
  • Reliable predictions of Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes are essential for rational vaccine design. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, sequences of 40 CD8 + T cell epitope candidates, including previously and newly identified, obtained from Jeryl-Lynn mumps vaccine strains were compared with genomes from 462 circulating MuV strains. (mdpi.com)
  • The FlowVax vaccine platform allows us to create dry powder formulations of biodegradablemicrospheres and TLR adjuvants incorporating class I and class II T cell epitopes. (sbir.gov)
  • Fifty-one vaccine candidates were designed mainly to mimic fusion intermediate conformations of gp41 and in some instance to increase exposure of the 2F5/4E10 epitopes. (europa.eu)
  • Convincing evidence for the pathological role of epitope spreading is also seen in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and adjuvant arthritis. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Epitope spreading in autoimmune and virus-induced tissue immunopathology. (nature.com)
  • Cohen SB, Weetman AP Activated interstitial and intraepithelial thyroid lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroid disease. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, when T-cell epitopes including their flanking regions were compared, a substantial proportion was found to be polymorphic in different EBV strains. (nih.gov)
  • Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen. (childrensmercy.org)
  • In addition, T-cell recognition of a conserved epitope was affected by amino acid exchanges within the epitope flanking region. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, the CD8+ T-cell response against polymorphic epitopes varied between donors and often ignored antigen variants. (nih.gov)
  • These results demonstrate that viral strain heterogeneity may impair antiviral T-cell immunity and suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches against EBV should preferably target broad sets of conserved epitopes including their flanking regions. (nih.gov)
  • This delivery results in intracellular processing and presentation by MHC class I molecules of the CD8(+) T cell epitopes inserted into CyaA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cell sorting revealed that one individual cell indeed recognized both epitopes. (nih.gov)
  • IV9 is the actual epitope processed and presented in HIV-1-infected cell lines. (anaspec.com)
  • This review will focus primarily on epitope spreading at the T-cell level. (nature.com)
  • Binns RM, Whyte A, Licence ST. The role of E-selectin in lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell recruitment into cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized pigs. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD34 mediates cell adhesion and lymphocytes homing through binding to L-selectin and E-selectin ligands. (biolegend.com)
  • Specific staining was localized to cell membrane in lymphocytes. (rndsystems.com)
  • In longitudinal studies in one subject, seven different epitopes and five different restricting HLA class I alleles were identified, with a progressive increase in the number of CTL epitopes recognized by this subject over time. (jci.org)
  • The resulting TETAR responded to both epitopes with cytokine secretion and cytotoxic function. (nih.gov)
  • A study published in Neurology by Genzyme researchers in April 2017 showed that GZ402668 worked by binding to a different epitope on CD52 than Lemtrada-achieving similar levels of lymphocyte depletion as Lemtrada but with reduced cytokine release in vitro , suggesting a potentially improved infusion-associated reaction profile. (genengnews.com)
  • According to the differential sensitivity to enzymatic cleavage, four groups of epitopes of CD34 have been described. (biolegend.com)
  • Using the combination of lipidomics and oxidative epitope-targeted enzymatic digestion of oxidized tetralinoleoyl-CL we found that its oxygenated LA species were represented by hydroxy- and hydroperoxy-derivatives. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza-specific CTL from 10 donors of other HLA types failed to recognize this epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • Patients with HLA types associated with rapid disease progression recognize a significantly smaller fraction of their known repertoire of viral epitopes than do patients with HLA types associated with slow progression. (unige.ch)
  • Among anti-S memory B lymphocytes, the frequency of immunoglobulin G4 subclass-switched B lymphocytes (from IgG1 and IgG3 to IgG4) was 14.0% (median) compared to the repertoire of memory B lymphocytes (median of 1.0%) post-booster doses. (news-medical.net)
  • Epitope spreading might also play a role in chronic graft rejection. (nature.com)
  • Several other groups have likewise attempted to generate methods that enable CTL epitope identification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, we previously showed that CyaA toxins carrying a single cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope can induce efficient protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Among them, 42 could be produced and characterized for solubility, oligomerization state, thermal stability, epitope exposure and structural properties. (europa.eu)
  • Structural modelling has confirmed that CR3022 targets a conserved epitope between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 in the RBD domain (32245784, 32065055). (abcam.com)
  • In addition we were able to detect oxygenated molecular species of tetra-linoleyl CL, a major CL molecular species in lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Unexpectedly, the five ligands correspond to only three cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, two of which occur in two COOH-terminal length variants. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The role of dengue virus-specific serotype-cross-reactive T lymphocytes in recovery from and pathogenesis of dengue virus infections is not known. (umassmed.edu)
  • Three type-specific epitopes were identified, two of them in highly variable regions of envelope. (jci.org)
  • Early tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of diabetes has been shown to block epitope spreading and disease progression. (nature.com)