• Since apoptosis can make autoantigens accessible for recognition by antibodies, and also create neo-epitopes by chemical modifications occurring naturally during this process, we sought to determine if CLL mAbs recognize autoantigens associated with apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • In a typical example, a library of monoclonal antibodies to a small protein, thought to recognize linear epitopes, was screened using a PepSet of biotinylated peptides (Figure 2). (mimotopes.com)
  • Using this approach, the linear epitopes of several monoclonal antibodies were quickly and clearly identified. (mimotopes.com)
  • I think that I had been assuming implicitly that the two antibodies (soluble versus immobilized) recognized the same epitope. (scienceforums.net)
  • Mapping of epitopes on porcine zona pellucida-3 alpha by monoclonal antibodies inhibiting oocyte-sperm interaction. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These antibodies may be generated against the hormonogenic epitopes of Tg. (avmi.net)
  • In this study, the precise epitopes in GAD-65 of three different mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (N-terminal MoAb within amino acid residues 4-17. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The epitope mapping that Integral Molecular has done has greatly supported both our mechanistic understanding and the intellectual property claims of our proprietary antibodies. (integralmolecular.com)
  • The association between aPL antibodies and particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and HLA-linked epitopes has been reported in studies of patients with lupus erythematous (eg, HLA-DR7, HLA-DR4). (medscape.com)
  • In this study we have profiled a panel of mouse antihuman CD40 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), regarding their CD40 binding affinity and epitope-specificity relative to the CD40L binding in relation to their cellular activating potential. (lu.se)
  • An IgE epitope is a part of an allergen that is capable of binding to IgE antibodies and eliciting an immune response . (bvsalud.org)
  • Identification of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) epitopes recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to IGF I. Endocrinology. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
  • The MECA-79 antibody reacts with sulfate-dependent carbohydrate epitopes of peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • There are currently no images for KT3 Epitope Tag Antibody (NB110-40655JF646). (novusbio.com)
  • Linear antibody epitopes are readily mapped with PepSets. (mimotopes.com)
  • Antibody epitope mapping by ELISA is simple to perform using biotinylated peptides because the peptides can be captured onto Streptavidin™ or NeutrAvidin™ coated plates through the strong noncovalent avidin-biotin binding. (mimotopes.com)
  • I now wonder whether the antibody at the Test position versus the gold-particle labeled antibody recognize the same or different epitopes. (scienceforums.net)
  • The model can be modified to use laboratory data that determine the epitope specific effects of mutations on ACE2 attachment strength or escape from antibody effects. (medrxiv.org)
  • These results demonstrated that SW186 neutralizes diverse SARS coronaviruses by binding to a conserved RBD epitope, which could serve as a target for further antibody development. (flutrackers.com)
  • V5 Epitope tag Antibody to my shopping cart. (diagenode.com)
  • Subject: [Histonet] Kappa opioid receptor Ab epitope Dear Histonet, I am trying to find out the epitope sequence of the primary antibody targeting kappa opioid receptors, marketed by Sigma (Cat. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The mouse monoclonal antibody PAC-1 recognizes an extracellular activation-induced conformational epitope PAC-1 on CD41/CD61 complex (gpIIb/IIIa), also known as integrin alpha IIb beta 3, a receptor which mediates platelet aggregation. (exbio.cz)
  • Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interaction between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled identifying the amino acid residues N339, K340 included in the conformational antigenic determinant rec-ognized by HlyIIC-20. (bvsalud.org)
  • Scientists from Australia and the USA have developed a lymph node-targeted multi-epitope subunit vaccine that induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in mice. (news-medical.net)
  • In this study, scientists have developed a lymph node-targeting multi-epitope subunit vaccine against EVB and tested its efficacy in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-expressing mice. (news-medical.net)
  • Scientists analyzed known human CD8+ T cell epitopes from EBV antigens to design a polyepitope vaccine immunogen that incorporates 20 CD8+ T cell epitopes into an engineered protein immunogen. (news-medical.net)
  • The testing of the polyepitope vaccine immunogen using peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from EBV seropositive donors revealed that the immunogen can be effectively processed by antigen-presenting cells to generate epitopes that can be presented on HLA class I molecules and subsequently recognized by human CD8+ T cells to promote an immune response. (news-medical.net)
  • We previously demonstrated long-lived immunoreactivity in individuals with past symptomatic and asymptomatic Coxiella infection (convalescents) to promiscuous HLA-class II C. burnetii epitopes, providing the basis for a novel T-cell-targeted subunit vaccine. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we investigated in a cohort of 22 individuals with persistent infection (chronic Q fever) whether they recognize the same set of epitopes, or distinct epitopes that could be candidates for a therapeutic vaccine or aid in the diagnosis of persistent infection. (biorxiv.org)
  • In conclusion, we have validated and expanded a previously published set candidate epitopes for a novel T-cell targeted subunit Q fever vaccine in the context of chronic Q fever patients and demonstrated that they successfully mounted a T-cell response comparable to that of convalescents. (biorxiv.org)
  • In the present study, sequences of 40 CD8 + T cell epitope candidates, including previously and newly identified, obtained from Jeryl-Lynn mumps vaccine strains were compared with genomes from 462 circulating MuV strains. (mdpi.com)
  • This model is a base on which to construct epitope specific evolutionary models using new high-throughput assay data from population samples to guide vaccine decisions. (medrxiv.org)
  • Model analysis indicates that vaccine trials and serological surveys are needed now to detect the effects of epitope specific escape mutations that could cause the loss of vaccine efficacy. (medrxiv.org)
  • Thus, our work creates an adjuvanted platform assembly of peptides resulting in cross presentation of CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes in a vaccine that prevents toxoplasmosis. (jci.org)
  • Structural and immunological characterization of a linear virus-neutralizing epitope of the rabies virus glycoprotein and its possible use in a synthetic vaccine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This study was undertaken to identify antigenic epitopes on two of the surface glycoproteins of BRSV, the fusion (F) and attachment (G) proteins, the major surface viral antigens, for inclusion into a novel subunit peptide vaccine. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Despite widespread uses of tetanus toxoid (TT) as a vaccine, model antigen and protein carrier, TT epitopes have been poorly characterized. (listlabs.com)
  • Tumour vaccination studies suggest that epitope spreading may increase the efficiency of peptide vaccination. (nature.com)
  • The peptide epitopes were restricted through several common HLA class I alleles for broader coverage across many ethnic groups. (news-medical.net)
  • Within HIV-1 RT the peptide appears to be the dominant HLA A*0201-restricted epitope. (anaspec.com)
  • Individuals with chronic Q fever showed strong class II epitope-specific cultured ELISpot responses largely overlapping with the peptide repertoire identified previously for convalescents. (biorxiv.org)
  • Immune catches up on COVID listener email, including discussions about long-term COVID, cross-reactive memory to SARS-CoV-2, common mucosal surfaces, the risky business of peptide mega-pools, immunodominant epitopes and much more. (microbe.tv)
  • This application is summarized in a separate article entitled Truncated Peptide Libraries for Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitope Mapping, available on the Mimotopes website. (mimotopes.com)
  • Rodda, S.J. (2002) Peptide Libraries for T-Cell Epitope Screening and Characterization. (mimotopes.com)
  • A 12 aa synthetic peptide of this epitope was recognized by both mAbs and sera from a subset of rabies-vaccinated dogs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In a multimeric form, the peptide could induce an epitope-specific response following immunization in rabbits and mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These precise epitope investigations were performed using two different phage-displayed random peptide libraries with different characteristics (T7 phage library gene X C9C and linear 9-mers, and M13 filamentous phage library gene III C7C and linear 12-mers and gene VIII 5C4C4). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • By using overlapping 15mer peptides both the IE1 and pp65 antigens were mapped and new epitopes are described that could be used in the construction of peptide vaccines. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This analysis examined if the previously identified viral epitopes targeted by CD8+ T-cells in these individuals (n=52 distinct epitopes) are mutated in the newly described Omicron VOC (n=50 mutations). (biorxiv.org)
  • Typically two distinct epitopes are selected (one for coating, one for capture) to avoid competition effects. (scienceforums.net)
  • Despite this diverse range of epitopes, individual responses were associated with only a few immunodominant epitopes, with each donor responding on average to 3 epitopes. (listlabs.com)
  • This first report on T-cell antigens and epitopes of M. immunogenum is significant as it is expected to open up avenues for understanding pathogenesis mechanisms and developing T-cell-based immunodiagnostic tools for this poorly investigated occupational lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Epitope spreading is defined as the diversification of epitope specificity from the initial focused, dominant epitope-specific immune response, directed against a self or foreign protein, to subdominant and/or cryptic epitopes on that protein (intramolecular spreading) or other proteins (intermolecular spreading). (nature.com)
  • The KT3 epitope tag is commonly engineered onto the N- or C- terminus of a protein of interest so that the tagged protein can be analyzed and visualized using immunochemical methods. (novusbio.com)
  • Within this population, only one low-prevalence epitope from the Spike protein restricted to two HLA alleles and found in 2/30 (7%) individuals contained a single amino acid change associated with the Omicron VOC. (biorxiv.org)
  • Epitopes are small structural elements in a good sized protein such as amylase you are likely to find a couple. (scienceforums.net)
  • The cryo-EM structure of SW186 bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein showed that SW186 interacted with an epitope of the RBD that is not at the interface of its binding to the ACE2 receptor but highly conserved among SARS coronaviruses. (flutrackers.com)
  • This epitope encompasses a glycosylation site (N343) of the viral spike protein. (flutrackers.com)
  • We created and tested multi-epitope DNA or protein vaccines with TLR4 ligand emulsion adjuvant (gluco glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion [GLA-SE]) for their ability to protect against Toxoplasma gondii in HLA transgenic mice. (jci.org)
  • Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of epitope spreading in various chronic immune-mediated human diseases and their animal models is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and to the ultimate goal of designing antigen-specific treatments. (nature.com)
  • The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update. (lji.org)
  • Self epitopes, which are found in high concentration on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in association with its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are known as dominant epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • With knowledge of the initial immune target, early antigen-specific treatments can block continued tissue damage, epitope spreading and clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • The recognized KT3 epitope represents the amino acid sequence KPPTPPPEPET derived from the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen. (novusbio.com)
  • Recently, the first set of naturally presented human leukocyte antigen Class I (HLA-I) epitopes of MuV was identified by us. (mdpi.com)
  • C ) Multi-epitope proteins with GLA-SE are captured by the Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and the peptides contained are presented by MHC molecules on the APCs to T lymphocytes in both a class I and a class II pathway. (jci.org)
  • Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)
  • Changes in epitope structure confirm the high conformational mobility of HlyIICTD required for the functioning of HlyII. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inclusion of both latent and lytic antigenic epitopes is intended to induce robust T-cell response targeting different phases of the viral life cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • An epitope may represent a linear amino acid sequence or antigenic tertiary structure. (medscape.com)
  • This is a reverse transcriptase (RT) epitope (Pol residues 476-484). (anaspec.com)
  • The T cells diminished their reactivity to each epitope after stimulation but sequentially killed targets that presented the gag epitope and then targets that presented the nef epitope, or vice versa. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the overall motif or GAD-6 may correspond to 523-528 aa of GAD-65 (M-S-R-L-S-K). To further define the GAD-6 epitope, sequencing or GAD-6 reactive peptides which were obtained from the successful biopanning using MI3 gene III C7C and linear 12-mers phage libraries, did not show a clear motif and did not show reactivity with GAD-6 by capture ELISA. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • However, limited data are available about sequence variability in CD8 + T cell epitope regions of mumps virus (MuV) proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • Screening of truncated glycoprotein fragments with both mAbs confirmed the location of the epitope in the N-terminal region. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Izadi, A , Godzwon, M , Ohlin, M & Nordenfelt, P 2023 ' Protective non-neutralizing mAbs targets conserved opsonic epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 variants ' bioRxiv. (lu.se)
  • The resulting TETAR responded to both epitopes with cytokine secretion and cytotoxic function. (nih.gov)
  • T-cell epitopes (Helper and Cytotoxic) are easily located using PepSets provided peptides of the correct length are used2. (mimotopes.com)
  • Induction of anti-inflammatory T helper (T H )2 responses via epitope spreading may be an important intrinsic immunoregulatory mechanism geared to limit tissue destruction and promote re-establishment of tissue-specific immune tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Our constructs each included 5 of our best down-selected CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes, a universal CD4+ helper T lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), and a secretory signal, all arranged for optimal MHC-I presentation. (jci.org)
  • Several human studies have observed epitope spreading in beta cell-specific humoral responses from birth to disease onset in offspring of diabetic parents. (nature.com)
  • They appear to bind to conserved epitopes on the N-terminal and receptor binding domain (RBD), respectively. (lu.se)
  • These nnAbs bind to epitopes that could be less subjected to mutations in the emerging variants. (lu.se)
  • In immunology, cryptic self epitopes are a source of autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Collectively, ROS caused extensive damage to Hb altering its immunogenicity, the neo-epitopes, thus generated might play a role in the induction of circulating autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus. (scialert.net)
  • The objective of this study was to develop multi-epitope recombinant peptides, procuring immunogenicity against circulating diverse subtypes of FMDV serotype O and A. Two chimeric peptides, named B1 (41.0 kDa) and B3 (39.3 kDa), have been designed to incorporate potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes selected from multiple FMDV strains, including previously reported and newly emerged sub-lineages. (preprints.org)
  • Convincing evidence for the pathological role of epitope spreading is also seen in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and adjuvant arthritis. (nature.com)
  • To further define the N-terminal MoAb epitope, sequencing of N-terminal MoAbs reactive peptides which were obtained from the successful biopanning using M13 gene VIII 5C4C4 phage Iibrary and were selected by high affinity binding in immnuo-blotting assay using nitro-cellulose membrane and in capture ELISA. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • However, self epitopes which appear in very low concentration on APC are termed cryptic in the sense that they do not delete autoreactive T-cells which will then join the peripheral adult T cell repertoire. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herein we defined the human CD4+ T cell epitope repertoire by reevaluation of previously described epitopes and evaluation of those derived from prediction of HLA Class II binding. (listlabs.com)
  • Forty-seven epitopes were identified following in vitro TT stimulation, with 28 epitopes accounting for 90% of the total response. (listlabs.com)
  • Studies in two models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitogenic virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have shown conclusively that epitope spreading plays a pathological role in ongoing disease and that blocking this process by inducing tolerance to spread myelin epitopes or blocking costimulation of T cells (necessary for epitope spreading) blocks (EAE) or inhibits (TMEV-IDD) ongoing clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Epitope spreading in autoimmune and virus-induced tissue immunopathology. (nature.com)
  • The precise epitopes in IA-2 of two different MoAbs (76B and 76F) were also investigated. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Identifying and characterizing human - allergy -relevant epitopes are important for diagnosis and prognosis of food allergy and development of immunotherapy treatments . (bvsalud.org)
  • Pathogenicity and Epitope Characteristics Do Not Differ in IgG Subclass-Switched Anti-Desmoglein 3 IgG1 and IgG4 Autoantibodies in Pemphigus Vulgaris. (umassmed.edu)
  • Lo AS, Mao X, Mukherjee EM, Ellebrecht CT, Yu X, Posner MR, Payne AS, Cavacini LA. Pathogenicity and Epitope Characteristics Do Not Differ in IgG Subclass-Switched Anti-Desmoglein 3 IgG1 and IgG4 Autoantibodies in Pemphigus Vulgaris. (umassmed.edu)
  • These multi-epitope vaccines increased memory CD8+ T cells that produced IFN-γ and protected mice against parasite burden when challenged with T. gondii. (jci.org)
  • This study examined if the parts of the virus, or epitopes, targeted by the CD8+ T-cell response in thirty individuals who recovered from COVID-19 in 2020 were mutated in the Omicron variant. (biorxiv.org)
  • Early induction of a T H 2 response to one specific β-cell autoantigen (βCAA) accelerated epitope spreading of T H 2 responses to other βCAAs and can prevent the development of diabetes in the NOD mice. (nature.com)
  • This review will focus primarily on epitope spreading at the T-cell level. (nature.com)
  • IV9 is the actual epitope processed and presented in HIV-1-infected cell lines. (anaspec.com)
  • Cell sorting revealed that one individual cell indeed recognized both epitopes. (nih.gov)
  • CMV epitope selection and its use in T cell reconstitution in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Results indicate that a fraction of Tg AA recognizes T3-containing epitopes in Tg. (avmi.net)
  • Epitope spreading might also play a role in chronic graft rejection. (nature.com)
  • Five additional peptides were recognized more frequently by chronic subjects, but there was no combination of epitopes uniquely recognized by or non-reactive in chronic Q fever subjects. (biorxiv.org)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that individuals treated for chronic Q fever mount a broader ex vivo response to class II epitopes than convalescents, which could be explored for diagnostic purposes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Human studies strongly suggest that epitope spreading has a role in ongoing disease, although epitope spreading is very difficult to verify in human disease. (nature.com)
  • When I e-mailed the company they wouldn't tell me what the epitope sequence was (it probably required more effort than checking the website), and they also refused to identify the manufacturer. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Therefore, the M13 pVIlI 5C4C4 worked with N-terminal MoAb by expressing a relevant sequence for the N-terminal MoAb but which is unlike its epitope in GAD-65. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • With these epitopes, we created a TT epitope pool, which allowed us to characterize TT responses directly ex vivo using a cytokine-independent Activation Induced Marker (AIM) assay. (listlabs.com)