• B-cell epitope mapping studies suggest that most interactions between antigens and antibodies, particularly autoantibodies and protective antibodies (e.g., in vaccines), rely on binding to discontinuous epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epitope data have been central to several high-profile legal cases involving disputes over the specific protein regions targeted by therapeutic antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • This method is fast, relatively inexpensive, and specifically suited to profile epitopes for large numbers of candidate antibodies against a defined target. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a typical example, a library of monoclonal antibodies to a small protein, thought to recognize linear epitopes, was screened using a PepSet of biotinylated peptides (Figure 2). (mimotopes.com)
  • Using this approach, the linear epitopes of several monoclonal antibodies were quickly and clearly identified. (mimotopes.com)
  • Mapping of epitopes on porcine zona pellucida-3 alpha by monoclonal antibodies inhibiting oocyte-sperm interaction. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The epitope mapping that Integral Molecular has done has greatly supported both our mechanistic understanding and the intellectual property claims of our proprietary antibodies. (integralmolecular.com)
  • Whereas unexposed individuals had minimal reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins that poorly correlated with reactivity against HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 S2 and N proteins, COVID-19 patient sera had higher correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV responses, suggesting that de novo antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 cross-react with HCoV epitopes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Evaluation of the ability of AlphaFold to predict the three-dimensional structures of antibodies and epitopes. (tau.ac.il)
  • By constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations and the PROCEEDpKa method, we have mapped the electrostatic epitopes for four monoclonal antibodies and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on both SARS-CoV-1 and the new SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. (nih.gov)
  • In atopic individuals, sensitizing T-cell epitopes can trigger a cascade of events that leads to synthesis of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies as well as other immunological reactions. (ispub.com)
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)
  • While the epitope of most B7-H3 antibodies has not been described, one of the clinically tested antitumor antibodies (8H9) was found to bind to the IgV domain 19 . (nature.com)
  • In this regard, generating antibodies targeting the IgC and IgV domains of B7-H3 is helpful for identifying the potent epitope by which CARs are activated on B7-H3. (nature.com)
  • Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-specific monoclonal antibodies: production and epitope mapping. (cdc.gov)
  • Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually, on a protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • X-ray co-crystallography has historically been regarded as the gold-standard approach for epitope mapping because it allows direct visualization of the interaction between the antigen and antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryo-EM can similarly provide high-resolution maps of antibody-antigen interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fine epitope mapping of 8 mAbs to the C-terminal domain of human ACE was carried out using plate precipitation assays, mAbs' cross-reactivity with ACE from different species, site-directed mutagenesis, and antigen- and cell-based ELISAs. (northwestern.edu)
  • Finally, antigen identification does not require knowledge of the restriction element and often leads directly to the identification of the T-cell epitope. (nih.gov)
  • Rational design of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells based on the recognition of antigenic epitopes capable of evoking the most potent CAR activation is an important objective in optimizing immune therapy. (nature.com)
  • Our results highlight the importance of the specific target antigen epitope in governing optimal CAR-T activity and provide a nanobody-based B7-H3 CAR-T product for use in solid tumor therapy. (nature.com)
  • We determine the epitopes for multiple antigen-antibody interactions and compare our findings with previously reported X-ray crystallography data. (msu.edu)
  • 1] Ansari, H. R., Raghava, G. P., Identification of conformational B-cell Epitopes in an antigen from its primary sequence. (degruyter.com)
  • Autoantibody epitope mapping of the 21‑ hydroxylase antigen in autoimmune Addison's disease. (prolekare.cz)
  • The epitope mapping resolution depends on the number of overlapping peptides that are used. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibody epitope mapping by ELISA is simple to perform using biotinylated peptides because the peptides can be captured onto Streptavidin™ or NeutrAvidin™ coated plates through the strong noncovalent avidin-biotin binding. (mimotopes.com)
  • T-cell epitopes (Helper and Cytotoxic) are easily located using PepSets provided peptides of the correct length are used2. (mimotopes.com)
  • Linear epitope mapping in the E and NS1 proteins of dengue and Zika viruses: Prospection of peptides for vaccines and diagnostics. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, several epitopes were located within " epitope hotspots", characterized by clusters of peptides recognized in more than 30% of the sub-arrays analyzed using individual or pooled serum samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, two DENV peptides detected at similarly high rates by both dengue and Zika patients were also found within the epitope hotspots. (bvsalud.org)
  • These hotspots contain several immunodominant epitopes that are recognized by a larger number of individuals when compared to 15- amino acid (aa) sequence peptides . (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, epitope hotspots may have greater potential to serve as antigens in diagnostic tests and vaccine development than peptides composed of only 15 amino acids . (bvsalud.org)
  • This review reports a comprehensive update of the current scientific knowledge about proteins and peptides of MAP with already documented humoral response. (degruyter.com)
  • Conformational epitope를 가지는 항체의 결합을 확인하기 어려웠습니다. (geneon.kr)
  • These findings indicate that the domain-swapping approach is useful for conformational epitope mapping in pemphigus and that amino-terminal residues 1-161, which are considered to include a region essential for cell-cell adhesion in cadherins, contain the critical residues of the conformational epitope of desmoglein 3 recognized by the autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris sera. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mapping epitopes on these targets can be challenging because of the difficulty in expressing and purifying these complex proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane proteins frequently have short antigenic regions (epitopes) that fold correctly only when in the context of a lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, mAb epitopes on these membrane proteins are often conformational and, therefore, are more difficult to map. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of this study was to identify the linear epitope profile recognized by serum samples from dengue and Zika patients in the E and NS1 proteins of DENV and ZIKV . (bvsalud.org)
  • The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients detected epitopes evenly distributed across the viral proteins in a peptide microarray platform. (bvsalud.org)
  • Different types of transgenic proteins food allergen proteins sequences were scanned for IgE epitopes. (ispub.com)
  • We have scanned total 52 proteins for detection of allergenic IgE epitopes. (ispub.com)
  • In this study we attempted to map the conformational epitopes of desmoglein 3 in pemphigus vulgaris using recombinant desmoglein 3 produced by the baculovirus expression system. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We also identify immunogenic surfaces important for cellular interactions by epitope mapping and functional assays. (rcsb.org)
  • In this paper we explore the idea of using HLA binding predictors to improve the efficiency of epitope mapping protocols in vaccine trials. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Given information about participant's HLA alleles, we attempt to predict vaccine induced T-cell responses at various levels of refinement, based on the current group-testing hierarchical mapping approach. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Epitope characterization can also help elucidate the binding mechanism of an antibody and can strengthen intellectual property (patent) protection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rodda, S.J. (2002) Peptide Libraries for T-Cell Epitope Screening and Characterization. (mimotopes.com)
  • There are several methods available for mapping antibody epitopes on target antigens: X-ray co-crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we describe a simple procedure that permits the identification of viral T-helper (TH)-cell antigens and epitopes. (nih.gov)
  • Integral Molecular was able to identify critical binding residues for an antibody for which no mapping had been successfully done after years in development. (integralmolecular.com)
  • How does Integral Molecular perform its Epitope Mapping service? (integralmolecular.com)
  • Using CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing), the molecular profile of established immunophenotype-gated progenitors was analyzed in the fetal liver (FL). (lu.se)
  • Our detailed single-cell map presented herein emphasizes molecular and immunophenotypic differences between fetal and adult blood cells, which are of significance for future studies of pediatric leukemia and blood development in general. (lu.se)
  • These autoantibodies recognize conformation-dependent epitopes on desmoglein 3. (elsevierpure.com)
  • γ interferon expression in CD8+ T cells is a marker for circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize an HLA A2-restricted epitope of human cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein pp65. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Finally, neither technique can distinguish key epitope residues (energetic "hot spots") for mAbs that bind to the same group of amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The epitope of mAb 1E10 is located at the N-terminal end of the C domain, close to the unique 36 amino acid residues of testicular ACE (tACE). (northwestern.edu)
  • citation needed] By providing information on mechanism of action, epitope mapping is a critical component in therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Custom synthesized biotinylated PepSets for linear antibody mapping are designed by the research scientist with help from experienced Technical Consultants at Mimotopes, and are shipped either ready to redissolve and plate or as ready-to-use plates already coated with the peptide (Figure 2). (mimotopes.com)
  • This application is summarized in a separate article entitled Truncated Peptide Libraries for Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitope Mapping, available on the Mimotopes website. (mimotopes.com)
  • Peptide Epitopes가 포함됩니다. (geneon.kr)
  • Therefore current mapping strategies use a group-testing approach in which responses to the immunogen are first measured using peptide pools that span a full protein, and are then further refined using sets of mini-pool and finally a peptide matrix [23]. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Therefore, computationally predicted IgE epitopes from GMF allergen might be an ideal peptide-based novel candidate for immunotherapy. (ispub.com)
  • Many therapeutic mAbs target conformational epitopes that are only present when the protein is in its native (properly folded) state, which can make epitope mapping challenging. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epitope mapping has become prevalent in protecting the intellectual property (IP) of therapeutic mAbs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epitope mapping of these C-domain mAbs, particularly those that compete with N-domain mAbs, enabled us to propose a model of the two-domain somatic ACE that might explain the interdomain cooperativity. (northwestern.edu)
  • Our findings demonstrated that mAbs directed to conformational epitopes on the C-terminal domain of human ACE are very useful for the detection of testicular and somatic ACE, quantification using flow cytometry and ELISA assays, and for the study of different aspects of ACE biology. (northwestern.edu)
  • The multi-coronavirus protein microarray is a useful tool for mapping antibody reactivity in COVID-19 patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In solid tumors, the B7-H3 transmembrane protein is an emerging target that harbours two distinct epitope motifs, IgC and IgV, in its ectodomain. (nature.com)
  • Epitope mapping has been crucial to the development of vaccines against prevalent or deadly viral pathogens, such as chikungunya, dengue, Ebola, and Zika viruses, by determining the antigenic elements (epitopes) that confer long-lasting immunization effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experimental epitope mapping data can be incorporated into robust algorithms to facilitate in silico prediction of B-cell epitopes based on sequence and/or structural data. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epitope mapping can reveal how a mAb exerts its functional effects - for instance, by blocking the binding of a ligand or by trapping a protein in a non-functional state. (wikipedia.org)
  • paratuberculosis (MAP) represents a good example of the potential of this discovery-phase. (degruyter.com)
  • Linear epitopes are formed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conformational epitopes epitopes are formed by amino acids that are nearby in the folded 3D structure but distant in the protein sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
  • In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
  • ChemProt also offers hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) for mapping and characterizing the target binding site, and monitoring other structural changes. (scilifelab.se)
  • Direct IgG epitope mapping on bacterial AB toxins by cryo-EM. (google.com)
  • Hence, T-and B- (IgE) epitopes are both relevant targets for models and the detection of protein allergens. (ispub.com)
  • Sera from each period ( n = 185 and n = 693) were screened in an epitope blocking enzyme immunoassay for flavivirus antibody detection. (who.int)
  • We developed a series of domain-swapped molecules between desmoglein 3 and desmoglein 1, which have similar structures but distinct epitopes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • B7-H3 has two distinct epitope domains - IgC and IgV. (nature.com)
  • By combining fluorescence activated cell sorting, yeast surface display, and next generation sequencing we present and validate an experimental pipeline that determines conformational epitopes. (msu.edu)
  • In addition to verifying antibody patentability, epitope mapping data have been used to support broad antibody claims submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office. (wikipedia.org)
  • How will epitope data help you? (integralmolecular.com)
  • Using extensive epitope mapping data from a cohort of 12 acutely infected HIV infected individuals, we show that using state-of-the-art HLA binding predictors, significant improvements in mapping efficiency can be obtained. (iucc.ac.il)
  • T-cell epitope mapping by flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Here, a combined single-cell immunophenotypic and transcriptional map of first trimester primitive blood development is presented. (lu.se)