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Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalEncephalomyelitisEncephalomyelitis, Acute DisseminatedMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinEncephalomyelitis, EquineMyelin Basic ProteinMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin ProteinsMyelin Proteolipid ProteinTheilovirusMultiple SclerosisSpinal CordDemyelinating DiseasesCentral Nervous SystemEncephalomyelitis Virus, AvianRats, Inbred LewMaus Elberfeld virusCardiovirus InfectionsMice, Inbred C57BLEncephalitis VirusesEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquinePeptide FragmentsT-LymphocytesMice, Inbred StrainsEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineMyelin SheathAdoptive TransferInterleukin-17Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNSEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineMice, KnockoutLymphocyte ActivationTh1 CellsEncephalomyelitis, Enzootic PorcineTh17 CellsEnterovirus InfectionsBrainFatigue Syndrome, ChronicCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalAutoimmunityCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineInterferon-gammaMice, TransgenicOligodendrogliaFreund's AdjuvantGlycoproteinsAutoimmune DiseasesAutoantigensT-Lymphocyte SubsetsEnterovirusEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis, ViralParalysisCoronavirus InfectionsT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryMicrogliaMolecular Sequence DataSpleenAmino Acid SequenceCells, CulturedImmune ToleranceImmunizationBlood-Brain BarrierEpitopes, T-LymphocyteInterleukin-10InflammationLymph NodesPoliomyelitisArbovirusesAstrocytesMuscle RigidityFlow CytometryPleurodynia, EpidemicAntigen-Presenting CellsDisease SusceptibilityT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerTh2 CellsReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-betaReceptors, Antigen, T-CellHorse DiseasesInjections, SubcutaneousPeptidesCardiovirusParaneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous SystemCell MovementInjections, IntraperitonealCallithrixMacrophagesCell DifferentiationNervous System Autoimmune Disease, ExperimentalHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIMurine hepatitis virusImmunologic FactorsForkhead Transcription FactorsCell ProliferationGuinea PigsInterleukin-4

TetanusAmerican Association of Equine PractitionersEncephalitisInfluenzaRhinopneumonitisHorsesVaccinationMosquitoesWesternDiseaseInfectionVirusInfectious AnaemiaFeverSubsequentFloridaResearchersLoversHorse OwnershipOwnersVenezuelan Equine EncephalomWest NileStrainsVaccinationVirusesRabiesVaccinesWestern encephalomyelitisCaliforniaOrganismAlphavirusOutbreakDiseasesInfections2016Corresponding equine diseaseHumansGood equine2017AntibodiesInfectiousVaccineIsolatesSicknessCasesTransmissionHospital

Tetanus6

• It also provides protection against equine encephalomyelitis due to eastern, western and Venezuelan viruses, and tetanus. (canadapharmacy.com)
• The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) recommends that all horses be vaccinated for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
• Vaccination is recommended for all horses for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
• For active immunization of all types and ages of healthy horses against Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis and tetanus. (pbsanimalhealth.com)
• Vetera Gold XP by Boehringer Ingelheim is a vaccine used in the prevention of EIV, EHV (EHV-1 and EHV-4), Eastern & Western Encephalomyelitis, West Nile Virus, Tetanus. (farmvet.com)
• There are a number of vaccines - against tetanus, rabies, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis (EEE/WEE), and West Nile virus (WNV) - that are strongly recommended for all horses (with the rarely occurring exception of horses that have experienced serious adverse reactions to vaccinations in the past). (horsejournals.com)

American Association of Equine Practitioners1

• The American Association of Equine Practitioners recently revised its vaccination guidelines, based on current disease trends. (equisearch.com)

Encephalitis11

• Equine encephalomyelitis may refer to: Eastern equine encephalitis virus Western equine encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Viral encephalitis This article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). (wikipedia.org)
• Other viruses that cause encephalomyelitis are Eastern equine encephalitis (found primarily in eastern Canada, US states east of the Mississippi river, and the Caribbean islands), Western equine encephalitis (found in western Canada, US states west of the Mississippi river, Mexico, and South America), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (found in Mexico, and Central and South America). (msdvetmanual.com)
• Infections with Eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis are generally severe and can progress to death over a short period of time. (msdvetmanual.com)
• they are usually characterized by diffuse encephalomyelitis Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis or meningoencephalomyelitis, signs of CNS dysfunction, and moderate to high mortality rates. (msdvetmanual.com)
• Other alphaviruses associated with equine encephalitis are Semliki Forest virus in Africa and Ross River virus in Australia and the South Pacific. (msdvetmanual.com)
• Togaviridae also encompasses Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE). (medscape.com)
• Short description: East equine encephalitis. (icd9data.com)
• There are three mosquito-borne diseases that every horse owner should recognize and vaccinate against: Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) and West Nile Virus (WNV). (farnam.com)
• In this review, we highlight five rarer emerging or reemerging arboviruses capable of neuroinvasion: Cache Valley, eastern equine encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu viruses. (bvsalud.org)
• Cache Valley and Jamestown Canyon viruses likely circulate throughout most of North America, while eastern equine encephalitis and Powassan viruses typically circulate in the eastern half. (bvsalud.org)
• CASE DESCRIPTION Within a 2-week period, 4 southern cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius) at an exhibit at a Virginia zoo died acutely subsequent to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection. (bvsalud.org)

Influenza6

• Fluvac Innovator 6 vaccines provide protection against circulating contemporary equine influenza viruses (EIV). (canadapharmacy.com)
• Fluvac Innovator vaccines help in the prevention of equine influenza due to type A2 viruses as well as equine rhinopneumonitis due to equine herpes virus (EHV) types 1 and 4. (canadapharmacy.com)
• Influenza, equine herpesvirus, and strangles have both intramuscular and intranasal vaccines available. (ufl.edu)
• Vaccination for influenza and equine herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) is recommended in most cases, especially in performance horses and horses exposed to transient or young equine populations. (ufl.edu)
• 7. Equine Influenza. (advocatekhoj.com)
• Duration of immunity is at least 6 months against equine influenza and 12 months against WNV. (farmvet.com)

Rhinopneumonitis1

• 9. Equine rhinopneumonitis. (advocatekhoj.com)

Horses5

• The aim of the present study is to describe the results of clinical and virological investigations on the first outbreak of a genetic lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in horses. (ivis.org)
• Horses with West Nile encephalomyelitis may have spinal cord incoordination, muscle contractions, and an abnormal sensitivity to touch. (msdvetmanual.com)
• Colic is an equine problem familiar to all people who work with horses. (thehorse.com)
• However, horses that travel to competitions may need to be vaccinated for several different strains of the virus, since mosquitoes in different areas spread different forms of encephalomyelitis. (marylandpet.com)
• Even if Zika never becomes an issue in the equine population, there are already enough mosquito-borne diseases that do infect horses. (farnam.com)

Vaccination1

• Another deadly virus, equine encephalomyelitis, is also avoidable with a yearly vaccination. (marylandpet.com)

Mosquitoes3

• We evaluated mosquitoes collected in the Amazon Basin, near Iquitos, Peru, for their susceptibility to a subtype IIIC strain of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex. (edu.pe)
• Aedes triseriatus (Say) mosquitoes were infected with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from a blood meal on viremic chicks. (utmb.edu)
• More than just annoying, some mosquitoes are the primary transmitters of West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), and Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE). (ritchiefount.com)

Western3

• West Nile virus and Western equine encephalomyelitis are less severe. (msdvetmanual.com)
• In 1964, the cause of death of one horse in Florida was attributed to western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEE). (ufl.edu)
• Hemolytic properties of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Disease2

• While so far, the disease has only been found in humans and primates, it makes sense for horse owners to wonder if Zika could pose a problem in equines. (farnam.com)
• Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a transmissible and incurable disease caused by a lentivirus, the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). (scielo.br)

Infection2

• Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis is due to infection with arthropod-borne viruses typically belonging to the families Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus ) or Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus ). (msdvetmanual.com)
• however, serologic testing and necropsy are required for definitive diagnosis of viral infection and subsequent encephalomyelitis. (msdvetmanual.com)

Virus3

• The technique of preparing virus suspensions, mixing and holding serum-virus inocula, was identical to that employed by Howitt in neutralization tests of poliomyelitis and equine encephalomyelitis vira . (wiktionary.org)
• They can cause other health risks by spreading such diseases as West Nile virus, encephalomyelitis viruses and equine infectious anemia. (apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com)
• Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV's country cousin got to tell us? (scielo.br)

Infectious Anaemia1

• 6. Equine infectious anaemia. (advocatekhoj.com)

Fever1

• In our area, there's a higher prevalence of Potomac horse fever," says Dr. Corey Todd, of Gilson Equine Veterinary Services in Peterborough, Ontario. (horsejournals.com)

Subsequent1

• Subsequent diffuse encephalomyelitis causes clinical signs consistent with forebrain and cranial nerve dysfunction. (msdvetmanual.com)

Florida1

• The titles of numerous news stories in Florida papers during a few weeks in October shared some common words-Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. (thehorse.com)

Researchers1

• Join us as we interview leading equine researchers from the University of Kentucky. (thehorse.com)

Lovers1

• Equine enthusiasts and casual horse lovers alike can often have a negative attitude towards the Arabian horse breed. (holistapet.com)

Horse Ownership1

• Automatic Waterers Increase Your Horse Time and Decrease Your Chore Time One of the joys of horse ownership is just spending time with your equine friend. (ritchiefount.com)

Owners1

• equine owners encouraged. (richmondobserver.com)

Venezuelan Equine Encephalom4

• Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in wild birds. (nih.gov)
• Infection of Mansonia perturbans and Psorophora ferox mosquitoes with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. (nih.gov)
• Epizootiology of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in the Americas. (nih.gov)
• EEEV, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV), and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) are related but genetically distinct alphaviruses. (cdc.gov)

West Nile5

• West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in horses in Ontario: 28 cases. (ajtmh.org)
• Using a model in which grave, reproducible neurological disease was induced, a West Nile virus vaccine showed a 12-mo duration of protection against West Nile virus encephalomyelitis. (ivis.org)
• To ensure peace of mind, all products within the WEST NILE-INNOVATOR and FLUVAC INNOVATOR® lines of vaccines from Zoetis are covered under the Equine Immunization Support Guarantee, which is the most comprehensive equine vaccine guarantee available. (southernstates.com)
• The threat of deadly equine diseases like West Nile and EEE is closer than you think. (statelinetack.com)
• The only vaccine credited for helping reduce the number of equine West Nile virus cases by nearly 70% from 2002 to 2003. (circlepfeedstore.com)

Strains3

• Product contains Kentucky Lineage (KY/95), Florida sublineage clade 1 (OH/03), and Florida sublineage clade 2 (RI/07) equine influenza strains. (entirelypets.com)
• eastern, western and Venezuelan: these are three strains of the virus that causes encephalomyelitis in horses, and your horses need antibodies against all 3 of them. (incredibleplanet.net)
• this disease is a result of the Equine Herpesvirus strains 1 and 4. (incredibleplanet.net)

Vaccination5

• Vaccination against equine encephalomyelitis. (nih.gov)
• While there currently is no cure for EEE or WNV infections, both diseases are preventable in equine populations through routine vaccination. (msu.edu)
• Vetera EIV XP is for the vaccination of healthy, susceptible horses 6 months of age or older, including pregnant mares, as an aid in the reduction of respiratory disease caused by equine influenza types A2 North American and A2 Eurasian. (entirelypets.com)
• If your horses have not received any vaccination and have been leading a healthy life among other vaccinated equine friends, it is a contribution of herd immunity. (incredibleplanet.net)
• MISSISSIPPI STATE -- Keeping up with equine vaccination schedules may seem like an expensive inconvenience, but protected horses likely will avoid more serious and costly health problems. (msstate.edu)

Viruses1

• Horse vaccines can help protect your horses from a range of common equine viruses, and provide active immunity against a range of equine diseases. (statelinetack.com)

Rabies2

• PRESTIGE EquiRab is the industry's only equine-specific monovalent rabies vaccine and features a 14-month duration of immunity. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
• Most people in Mississippi do not vaccinate for rabies because equine rabies is uncommon in this area," Robertson said. (msstate.edu)

Vaccines3

• Immunization against equine encephalomyelitis with chick embryo vaccines. (nih.gov)
• The only vaccines featuring respiratory disease insights from the Equine Biosurveillance Program. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
• Just like in humans, vaccines strengthen the equine immune system and prepare the antibodies to fight against common but serious diseases. (incredibleplanet.net)

Western encephalomyelitis1

• At that time he was spending essentially all of his time studying Western encephalomyelitis virus. (nih.gov)

California3

• The likelihood of EEEV's having become established in California following this isolated equine case is remote but still important to monitor because of the public health implications. (medscape.com)
• A yearling quarter horse, which was raised in southern California, received routine vaccinations for prevention of infection by Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV). (cdc.gov)
• In California, arboviral encephalomyelitides are rarely reported, and EEEV infection has not previously been documented. (cdc.gov)

Organism1

• The causative organism (ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, WESTERN EQUINE) may be transferred to humans via the bite of mosquitoes (CULEX tarsalis and others). (rush.edu)

Alphavirus1

• Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. (cdc.gov)

Outbreak1

• Word of an equine disease outbreak can spread faster than the contagion itself, causing chaos and worry. (westernhorseman.com)

Diseases2

• Illustrating the ability of arboviruses to push north and affect susceptible species, of Michigan's seven equine EEE cases in 2017, three were in the central Upper Peninsula in Marquette and Menominee counties- the first-ever reported mosquitotransmitted equine diseases in the Upper Peninsula , while the remaining four were in the central Lower Peninsula in Clair, Roscommon and Wexford counties. (msu.edu)
• Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) are viral diseases that attack the nervous system. (statelinetack.com)

Infections1

• these are exclusively equine infections . (incredibleplanet.net)

20162

• There have been occasional outbreaks in both 2012 (690 equine cases) and 2016 (380 equine cases). (msu.edu)
• APHIS only reported one case of equine WNV in Michigan in 2016 and three cases of equine WNV in Michigan in 2015, while there were 15 cases in 2017. (msu.edu)

Corresponding equine disease1

• Under the Equine Immunization Support Guarantee, if a horse, properly vaccinated by a veterinarian, contracts the corresponding equine disease, Zoetis will reimburse the horse owner up to $5,000 in diagnostic and treatment costs. (southernstates.com)

Humans1

• which feed on tangential hosts such as humans and equines, may result in large epizootics with high mortality rates ( 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)

Good equine1

• You also need a good equine dentist, either your veterinarian or someone your veterinarian recommends. (westernhorseman.com)

20172

• In 2017, the USDA reported 317 equine cases. (msu.edu)
• The number of Michigan's equine WNV cases for 2017 is much higher than in previous years. (msu.edu)

Antibodies1

• Protective antibodies against equine encephalomyelitis virus in the serum of laboratory workers. (nih.gov)

Infectious1

• Secondary disease occurring subsequent to infectious equine encephalomyelitis. (nih.gov)

Vaccine1

• One week later, severe neurologic signs developed, and the horse was humanely destroyed because vaccine-related encephalomyelitis was suspected. (cdc.gov)

Isolates2

• Determination of the antibiotic susceptibility of pure isolates from equine by disk diffusion. (tamu.edu)
• Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of pure isolates from equine by minimum inhibitory concentration. (tamu.edu)

Sickness1

• There have been cases of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE), commonly called sleeping sickness in southern Michigan. (howellanimal.com)

Cases3

• 8 fatal cases, with 4 due to the virus of equine encephalomyelitis J. (nih.gov)
• Since data collection began in 2004, there have been 2,362 equine cases reported in the United States. (msu.edu)
• Last year, 86 equine cases were reported in 13 states. (msu.edu)

Transmission1

• Transmission of encephalomyelitis in the horse and possible vectors in the human being. (nih.gov)

Hospital1

• There are three things every horse owner needs," says Ryan Meeks, DVM, a partner at Peterson and Smith Equine Hospital. (westernhorseman.com)