• An illustration depicting the UCSF team's implant of a subdural, high-density, multi-electrode array over the area of the sensorimotor cortex that controls speech. (medscape.com)
  • Flexible multi electrode brain-machine interface for recording in the cerebellum. (lu.se)
  • Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) implanted in arm nerves. (researchgate.net)
  • High-count microelectrode arrays implanted in peripheral nerves could restore motor function after spinal cord injury or sensory function after limb loss. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study, we implanted Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) intrafascicularly, at the elbow or shoulder in arm nerves of rhesus monkeys (n = 4) under isoflurane anesthesia. (researchgate.net)
  • Several recent studies have found that electrode array deviation is far more likely with perimodiolar or mid-scala electrode arrays. (medel.pro)
  • Avoiding electrode array deviation isn't always possible-but significantly better rates of successful scala tympani placement can be achieved with the combination of soft surgical techniques and flexible lateral wall arrays. (medel.pro)
  • Electrode arrays with up to 100 electrodes have been used for recordings in peripheral nerves [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Neurosurgeons hope to treat some of the most intractable mental disorders by putting advanced arrays of electrodes into patients' brains. (technologyreview.com)
  • Indium tin oxide is a very expensive and brittle material, which cracks easily upon bending, making it unsuitable for flexible electrode arrays. (nature.com)
  • As of yet, neural recordings with completely transparent, flexible electrode arrays, compatible with in vitro and in vivo imaging techniques, have not been demonstrated, to our knowledge. (nature.com)
  • As mentioned above, if there is to be significant progress towards long-term implantable electrodes, an important step is documenting the response of living tissue to electrode implantation in both the acute and chronic timelines. (wikipedia.org)
  • A solution for motor control of an advanced prosthesis could be implantable electrodes with high spatial resolution, which via telemetry could be used to control the artificial limb. (hindawi.com)
  • Implantable electrodes for long term monitoring and interaction with multiple neurons have the potential to provide such information but will only be useful if truly biocompatible, i.e. if they themselves do not cause significant tissue reactions such as inflammation, neuronal loss and glial encapsulation. (lu.se)
  • The implantable electrodes will be used to establish stable high-fidelity communication between neuronal networks in the central nervous system and computers for research and therapeutic purposes. (lu.se)
  • These findings suggest that the methods to reduce channel interaction, e.g., perimodiolar electrode array or current focusing, may only be beneficial for a subgroup of CI users. (wustl.edu)
  • showing translocation of a perimodiolar electrode array from the scala tympani into the scala vestibuli. (medel.pro)
  • The perimodiolar electrode array crosses the basilar membrane and exits the scala tympani (red) in the basal turn, and deviates to the scala vestibuli (blue). (medel.pro)
  • The distance of each electrode from the medial wall (MW) of the cochlea and mid-modiolar axis (MMA) was measured from scans obtained using computerized tomography (CT) imaging. (wustl.edu)
  • Key to the design are the elements that allow a surgeon to easily handle the electrode in the surgical space and insert with minimal trauma to the delicate cochlea structures. (advancedbionics.com)
  • The HiFocus SlimJ electrode can be introduced into the cochlea by a surgeon's preferred approach - by using round window, extended round window, or small cochleostomy, requiring only a 0.8mm opening. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve directly. (kidshealth.org)
  • It sends electrical impulses by a thin wire to electrodes placed in the cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
  • That's because a limited number of electrodes take over the work of the thousands of hair cells in a normal cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
  • Threads the wires with the electrodes into the spirals of the cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
  • What's more, our cochlear implants are individualized, so that the electrode array fits your individual cochlea. (medel.com)
  • The implant is a neural stimulator with an electrode array surgically placed near the auditory nerve fibers in the scala tympani of the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • Most meningitis cases were associated with an implant with a positioner, a silastic wedge inserted next to the implanted electrode in the cochlea to position the electrode closer to the cochlear nerve endings and thus facilitate electrical signal transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • In part one of this series on electrode array deviation , we looked at how cochlear structures can be damaged when an electrode deviates from the scala tympani into the scala vestibuli. (medel.pro)
  • Round window technique has demonstrated much better prospects of having electrodes fully in the scala tympani. (medel.pro)
  • Fig. 2: Flexible MED-EL lateral wall electrode array placed fully within scala tympani using round window approach. (medel.pro)
  • 7,8,9 HiFocus electrodes are designed with balanced stiffness, which allows for easy insertion within the scala tympani while making it less prone to bend upwards towards the basilar membrane and translocate. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Standard cochlear implantation requires an extended postauricular and scalp incision and large flap, mastoidectomy, facial recess approach, cochleostomy, and insertion of an electrode into the scala tympani. (medscape.com)
  • Monaural chinchillas had electrodes implanted in the inferior colliculus. (cdc.gov)
  • A chronic recording electrode was then stereotaxically implanted into the left inferior colliculus and a ground electrode was implanted just below the dura mater. (cdc.gov)
  • We report here the results of an open prospective study in 9 patients suffering from severe Parkinson's disease with on/off fluctuations and restricted off-period mobility, who underwent bilateral implantation of stimulating electrodes in the internal pallidum. (nih.gov)
  • Thin metal electrodes, inserted initially into the smaller tubes in some experiments, became embedded in the new nerve structures and when stimulated contractions of the distal muscles were observed. (hindawi.com)
  • The technology uses a set of thin metal electrodes implanted on the surface of the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
  • the most critical differences are whether or not the implant is anchored across the skull[22] and the speed of insertion. (wikipedia.org)
  • 23] The overall observed tissue response is caused by a combination of the traumatic injury of electrode insertion and the persistent presence of a foreign body in the neural tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Damage caused by electrodes in the short term is caused by the insertion into the tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, research into minimizing this is focused on the geometry of the electrode and the proper technique for insertion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Short term effects of electrode insertion on surrounding tissue have been documented extensively. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2006 study, an ex vivo apparatus was constructed explicitly to study the deformation of and damage to neural tissue during electrode insertion. (wikipedia.org)
  • were implanted in nerves just distal to the brachial plexus (Fig. 1A) and near the elbow (Fig. 1B) by means of a high-speed insertion system (Rousche and Normann 1992). (researchgate.net)
  • To make insertion easy and to provide flexibility for surgeons, the implant is designed for a shallow 1mm ramped recess, requiring minimal drilling to reduce surgery time. (advancedbionics.com)
  • HiFocus electrode contacts are encased in a slim flexible tapered silicone carrier to minimize insertion forces and damage to cochlear structures during surgery. (advancedbionics.com)
  • The HiFocus™ SlimJ electrode is the latest approved electrode technology, designed for ease of handling and insertion. (advancedbionics.com)
  • The main benefit of the gentle curvature next to easy insertion is to ensure electrode movement in the apical direction. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Allows for ease of handling and insertion of the electrode. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Dorsal Column (Spinal Cord) Neurostimulation - The surgical implantation of neurostimulator electrodes within the dura mater (endodural) or the percutaneous insertion of electrodes in the epidural space is covered. (cms.gov)
  • The electrodes intercept signals from individual neurons in the brain, and a specially developed computer algorithm translates these signals into trajectories and velocities for the computer cursor. (technologyreview.com)
  • Neural interface electrodes that can record from neurons in the brain for long periods of time will be of great importance to unravel how the brain accomplishes its functions. (lu.se)
  • A cochlear implant is a surgically placed device that helps a person with severe hearing loss hear sounds. (kidshealth.org)
  • In addition, ongoing work aims at developing a new generation of biocompatible electrodes for highly specific and personalized deep brain stimulation to be used to treat neurological disorders such as chronic pain, motor disorders and epilepsy. (lu.se)
  • Our research aim is to develop a new generation of biocompatible Brain Machine Interfaces (BMI), i.e. electrodes that can be implanted into the brain and spinal cord and be maintained there over long periods of time. (lu.se)
  • With a type of electrode that can be injected as a liquid and then cure in the body, the researchers have laid the groundwork for a new kind of neural interface system. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
  • Researchers have created numerous flexible or stretchy electrodes to mold to the shape of, say, brain tissue, but this technology can be injected into the body and fill in cracks and crevices around nerves. (ieee.org)
  • To test their new creation, the researchers injected the material into rats and pigs, and compared the performance to that of silver wires and a clinical electrode implant. (ieee.org)
  • Researchers at Clarkson University in Potsdam, New York, have implanted snails with tiny biofuel cells that capture electrical power from the snail's blood. (the-scientist.com)
  • This eerie feat is possible because the researchers, led by Brown neuroscientist John Donoghue, have implanted a tiny array of electrodes in the monkey's brain. (technologyreview.com)
  • Researchers implanted 14 electrodes into the brains of volunteers with depression. (technologyreview.com)
  • So far the researchers have worked on a microscale, but now when there is a functioning method using flexible electrodes that do not damage the brain, there is increasing interest in trying to make it work on a nanoscale. (lu.se)
  • Super-thin flexible electrodes that can be placed exactly where the researchers want them and that register signals from single, or a few, cells are interesting tools for basic research, but what medical applications are in the pipeline? (lu.se)
  • But to reach critical areas of the body, such as the brain or the spine , many treatments require surgically implanted devices, such as a cuff that wraps around the spinal cord. (ieee.org)
  • A new spinal cord implant helped stroke patients regain movement in their arms and hands. (nih.gov)
  • The hypoglossal nerve stimulator implant is controlled by a hand-held remote that turns the device on and off. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Use of this stimulator involves implantation of electrodes around a selected peripheral nerve. (cms.gov)
  • Limited-incision techniques forgo en face exposure of the parietooccipital cortex completely in favor of a restricted tangential exposure of just the cortical bone necessary to develop a limited well for the thickest portion of the receiver/stimulator package. (medscape.com)
  • Electrodes were constructed from silicon wafers to have three different sharpnesses (interior angle of 5° for sharp, 90° for medium, 150° for blunt). (wikipedia.org)
  • Working with Andrew Shoffstall at Case Western Reserve University and Manfred Franke of Neuronoff Inc. , a California-based biotech company, Ludwig and colleagues developed an electrode consisting of bits of metal and a silicon base-similar to surgical glue-that combine to form a thick liquid. (ieee.org)
  • We demonstrate the operation of silicon microprobes containing up to 256 electrodes in conjunction with optical fibers for optogenetic manipulations or fiber photometry. (nih.gov)
  • A new type of 3D electrode detector, named here as the Implanted-Epi Silicon 3D-Spherical Electrode Detector, is proposed in this work. (mdpi.com)
  • A chronic electrode implant is an electronic device implanted chronically (for a long period) into the brain or other electrically excitable tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, by embedding the dummy probes in a gelatin matrix that dissolves shortly following implantation, neuronal cell death surrounding chronically (6 weeks) implanted electrodes was, for the first time, abolished. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, it suggests that estimating neural survival preoperatively is important for choosing the most appropriate electrode array type (perimodiolar vs. lateral wall) for optimal implant function. (wustl.edu)
  • For people 4 years old or older with hard-to-control epileptic seizures, the vagus nerve stimulation system implant may reduce the severity and amount of seizures. (sutterhealth.org)
  • Approximately 63 percent of patients who have received a VNS implant report up to a 50 percent reduction in the amount of seizures, a reduction in hospital admissions and a substantial improvement in quality of life. (sutterhealth.org)
  • When we don't know exactly where a patient's seizures are coming from, we surgically implant electrodes in and around the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Then they can use a basic transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENS, unit - the kind you can buy at a department store or pharmacy - to stimulate the nerve from the surface of the skin, making the whole setup less expensive and more adaptable compared to traditional implanted electrodes. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
  • A pulse generator , which is a flat disc about 1.5 inches across that sends a tiny electrical impulse to a cuff electrode when it gets the signal from the breathing monitor. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • those wires are plugged into a computer, feeding the electrical signals generated by neurons firing near each electrode into the machine. (technologyreview.com)
  • We demonstrate that hippocampal slices can be imaged through transparent graphene electrodes by both confocal and two-photon microscopy without causing any light-induced artefacts in the electrical recordings. (nature.com)
  • All eight participants had electrodes implanted into the PMC for electrical stimulation. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Advances include epilepsy surgery in infants, the use of implanted depth electrodes for surgical mapping, intra-operative computer guidance systems, the use of 3D electrical dipole models and the use of new neuro-imaging systems for brain mapping and for identification of the epileptic zone. (ualberta.ca)
  • Friehs starts by implanting a four-millimeter-square array of 100 electrodes in this region, which is located in the brain's outermost layer, about halfway between the ear and the top of the skull. (technologyreview.com)
  • And then you get to the brain's surface, where you can implant the electrodes. (naturalnews.com)
  • Jens Schouenborg and his research group have been working for a long time on developing thinner and more flexible electrodes that can follow the brain's natural movements. (lu.se)
  • These results could suggest that ears able to take advantage of the proximal placement of electrodes are likely to have better speech recognition outcomes. (wustl.edu)
  • Applications for stimulating interfaces include sensory prosthetics (cochlear implants), for example, are the most successful variety of sensory prosthetics) and deep brain stimulation therapies, while recording interfaces can be used for research applications[11] and to record the activity of speech or motor centers directly from the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Temporal modulation sensitivity has been studied extensively for cochlear implant (CI) users due to its strong correlation to speech recognition outcomes. (wustl.edu)
  • The ears showing positive MDT-distance correlations, thus benefiting from electrodes being close to the neural elements, were those who performed better on the two speech recognition measures, i.e., speech reception thresholds (SRTs) and recognition of the AzBio sentences. (wustl.edu)
  • Alternatively, ears with good speech recognition outcomes may have good overall neural health, which is a precondition for close electrodes to produce spatially confined neural excitation patterns that facilitate modulation sensitivity. (wustl.edu)
  • Children with cochlear implants begin auditory rehabilitation (listening therapy) and speech and language therapy soon after surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • Repeated testing of his hearing and speech perception with the cochlear implant showed no deterioration. (cdc.gov)
  • Hypoglossal nerve stimulation with an implanted device can help some people manage obstructive sleep apnea without a continuous positive airwave pressure (CPAP) machine. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A hypoglossal nerve stimulation implant is an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate CPAP treatment. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea that uses an implant to stimulate a nerve under the tongue to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Children over 2 years old with cochlear implants also should get the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) to help protect against meningitis. (kidshealth.org)
  • The clinical use of the new electrodes include application for symptomatic relief of chronic pain and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, improving control of prostheses in paralyzed patients and diagnostics in patients suffering from drug resistant epilepsy. (lu.se)
  • This review aimed to expose some clinical, microbiological and radiographic characteristics found in periodontal tissues and around dental implants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The use of dental implants to replace teeth is an important component of clinical Dentistry today. (bvsalud.org)
  • The biological and clinical successes demonstrated in prospective longitudinal studies have provided evidence of the appropriateness of the use of dental implants 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Taking into account these aforementioned factors, the objective of this study was to review the clinical, microbiological, and radiographic changes around implants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The loading time (e.g., early or delayed) does not seem to have any significant clinical impact on the marginal peri-implant bone or soft-tissue levels 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We essentially went through the standard repertoire of electrochemical tests to show this acts like a standard wire electrode that could be used to stimulate the nerve," says James Trevathan, a postdoctoral fellow in Ludwig's lab and first author on the study. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
  • In a paper in the journal Advanced Healthcare Materials , the multi-institutional team used their "injectrodes" to stimulate the nervous systems of rats and pigs, with comparable results to existing implant technologies. (ieee.org)
  • These studies are typically conducted in people who have epilepsy because doctors implant electrodes in the brains of these research volunteers to monitor their brain activity prior to surgery. (scientificamerican.com)
  • There are quite a few disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's and obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which people have received brain implants and the disorders have been treated quite successfully, allowing them to have an improved quality of life," Chen said. (naturalnews.com)
  • Influence of probe flexibility and gelatin embedding on neuronal density and glial responses to brain implants. (lu.se)
  • It provides an easy area for a surgeon to hold and control the electrode, even into the facial recess. (advancedbionics.com)
  • 2014) found that a cochleostomy approach lead to electrodes in the scala vestibuli significantly more often, even when controlling for array design. (medel.pro)
  • However, surgical approach isn't the only significant factor in electrode array deviation. (medel.pro)
  • In those initial trials, the company will implant the electrode array, manufactured by Salt Lake City, UT-based Bionic Technologies, but the signal-processing hardware and power supply will remain outside of the body. (technologyreview.com)
  • At the start of 2020, he had a total of 14 electrodes implanted across his brain. (technologyreview.com)
  • O'Keefe had his Stentrode device implanted in spring 2020, thanks to Australia's relatively lax, risk-based regulation of medical devices. (insider.com)
  • By minimizing cochlear disruption, HiFocus electrodes offer an increased opportunity for better hearing outcomes. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Is Hearing With a Cochlear Implant Like Normal Hearing? (kidshealth.org)
  • Sound quality from a cochlear implant is different from that in normal hearing. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cochlear implants are considered for children with profound hearing loss who can be as young as 9 months old. (kidshealth.org)
  • Depending on a child's hearing, the doctor may recommend getting two cochlear implants, one for each ear. (kidshealth.org)
  • An advanced implant works with your audio processor to give you the best sound quality possible-whether you're talking to friends, enjoying your favourite music or just hearing the little sounds in life. (medel.com)
  • That's why you should think about which implant will give you the best hearing both now, and in the future. (medel.com)
  • MED-EL cochlear implants use advanced coding strategies, designed to give you the closest to natural hearing of any CI system. (medel.com)
  • This way, you can make the most of your cochlear implant, and experience the best hearing you possibly can. (medel.com)
  • Just because you are receiving your implant now, that doesn't mean that you won't benefit from future hearing technology. (medel.com)
  • You also need to choose an audio processor, which will work with your CONCERTO implant to give you great hearing. (medel.com)
  • A cochleostomy can lead to a higher likelihood of electrodes in the scala vestibuli. (medel.pro)
  • Here, we report a transparent, flexible neural electrode technology based on graphene, which enables simultaneous optical imaging and electrophysiological recording. (nature.com)
  • We investigated graphene, an emerging two-dimensional material, to build low noise, transparent and flexible neural electrodes. (nature.com)
  • It was shown that thin, flexible electrodes with approximately the same density as brain tissue caused the least damage. (lu.se)
  • This was a breakthrough for flexible implants. (lu.se)
  • We succeeded in showing that super-thin flexible electrodes can be implanted in the brain without damaging it, and that kill-zones are practically non-existent around this type of implant. (lu.se)
  • "At the moment we are working on the nanostructuring of the super-thin, flexible electrodes", says Jens Schouenborg, somewhat cryptically. (lu.se)
  • The remaining challenge is to make the nanowire-based electrodes as flexible as those on a microscale. (lu.se)
  • An important aspect is to ensure positional stability of the implanted flexible electrodes for long periods of time, using highly innovative methods and techniques, as this is required for advanced analysis of neuronal network functions. (lu.se)
  • To address these challenges, we have for more than a decade systematically researched underlying mechanisms for these tissue reactions and developed new surgical methods, ultraflexible constructions and novel vehicles for enabling implantation of ultraflexible electrodes equipped with fragile nanostructures into soft tissue. (lu.se)
  • The focus is on developing truly biocompatible electrode constructions and implantation methods that cause minimal injury or irritation of the brain tissue, ensuring that physiological conditions are preserved. (lu.se)
  • This transparent electrode technology may pave the way for high spatio-temporal resolution electro-optic mapping of the dynamic neuronal activity. (nature.com)
  • We also put a lot of effort in developing software to be able to analyze the enormous amount of data acquired from implanted electrodes and for computer assisted interaction with neuronal networks. (lu.se)
  • It has three parts that are surgically implanted in the neck and chest, and a remote to control the device. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Implanting such a device can involve cutting through muscle and nerves (and may require changing a battery every few years). (ieee.org)
  • When you feel symptoms, you turn on the device and place the electrodes on your chest to record the ECG. (medlineplus.gov)
  • But because of a new device implanted inside the blood vessels at the top of his head , he can harness his thoughts to propel a computer's actions: Click, zoom in, move the mouse right, move it left. (insider.com)
  • O'Keefe, who lives in Melbourne, Australia, is one of fewer than 40 people worldwide to have a functioning BCI device implanted into their skulls. (insider.com)
  • Payment may be made under the prosthetic device benefit for implanted peripheral nerve stimulators. (cms.gov)
  • You could have a Neuralink device implanted right now and you would not even know. (naturalnews.com)
  • Local delivery of minocycline‑loaded PLGA nanoparticles from gelatin‑coated neural implants attenuates acute brain tissue responses in mice. (lu.se)
  • In principle these systems are susceptible to the same tissue response that causes failure in implanted electrodes, but stimulating interfaces can overcome this problem by increasing signal strength. (wikipedia.org)
  • In paper V, sensory processing in primary somatosensory cortex during an episode of hyperalgesia was monitored using implanted neural interfaces in order to further evaluate the probe functionality and usefulness in neurophysiological research. (lu.se)
  • The cuff electrode fits around a branch of nerve under the tongue, like a tiny cuff. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • For invasive electrodes, one possibility would be to increase the number of fascicles in a severed nerve. (hindawi.com)
  • Electrodes are wrapped around the vagus nerve. (sutterhealth.org)
  • The electrodes rub against the surrounding brain tissue, which leads to scarring around the electrode known as a "kill-zone" of dead nerve cells - the outcome is that you have damaged what you want to study. (lu.se)
  • He can, however, say that in cooperation with physicists at the Neuronano Research Centre it has been possible to make and implant a nanoelectrode, an electrode with super-thin nanowires, in the brain of a rat, and that signals were successfully captured from the nerve cells. (lu.se)
  • As we learn more and more about how to interface with the nervous system, we're not limited to what we've implanted through an invasive surgical procedure. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
  • In recent years, the standard approach to cochlear implantation with a large incision has been challenged by successful implantation of cochlear implants in numerous patients with a much smaller incision and a less-invasive approach. (medscape.com)
  • It is ultimately this tissue response that causes electrodes to fail by encapsulating the electrode itself in a protective layer called a "glial scar," (see 2.2). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, this advance depended on microscopic electrodes implanted in the rats' heads. (livescience.com)
  • The HiRes Ultra implant family offers two electrode designs, the straight HiFocus™ SlimJ electrode and the precurved HiFocus™ Mid-Scala electrode, to offer the surgeon a choice based on their practice preferences and the recipient's anatomy. (advancedbionics.com)
  • The HiFocus SlimJ or HiFocus Mid-Scala electrode provide the surgeon with maximum surgical flexibility based upon surgical preference while maintaining patient performance. (advancedbionics.com)
  • The surgeon places the VNS pulse generator under the skin of the chest in a surgically created pocket and tunnels the electrode under the skin from the neck incision. (sutterhealth.org)
  • Relationship between electrode position and temporal modulation sensitivity in cochlear implant users: Are close electrodes always better? (wustl.edu)
  • We tested 13 ears for the effect of distance on modulation sensitivity, specifically targeting the question of whether electrodes closer to the modiolus are universally beneficial. (wustl.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Relationship between electrode position and temporal modulation sensitivity in cochlear implant users: Are close electrodes always better? (wustl.edu)
  • The distance measures were correlated with slopes of spatial tuning curves measured on selected electrodes to investigate if electrode position accounts, at least in part, for the width of neural excitation. (wustl.edu)
  • In accordance with previous findings, electrode position explained 24% of the variance in slopes of the spatial tuning curves. (wustl.edu)
  • To date, only one company has conducted human tests of a brain-recording implant with the aim of helping restore function in paralyzed patients: Atlanta, GA-based Neural Signals. (technologyreview.com)
  • External electrodes, picking up myoelectrical (EMG) signals, can also be utilized, but again the numbers of signals are limited. (hindawi.com)
  • In our patient, the implant did not include a positioner. (cdc.gov)