Electrodes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Ion selective electrodes are stipulated in JIS K 0122: General rules regarding ion selective electrode methods. (horiba.com)
Ion selective electrodes are categorized into the five types shown below, depending on response membrane. (horiba.com)

Reference electrode. (wikipedia.org)
Silver/silver chloride is an industry preferred reference electrode because it has stable electrochemical potential under numerous measurement conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Electrode is composed of a stem into which an internal pH glass and reference electrode have been inserted, and is filled internally with liquid and coated with a diaphragm. (horiba.com)

The following two figures compare the salt content (salt equivalents) in processed foods measured by using a sodium ion selective glass electrode against those measured by the titration method (Mohr method) and sodium flame photometry. (horiba.com)
The measurement results obtained by the titration method, which measures chloride ions, agreed well with those obtained by the sodium ion selective glass electrode method, and it is assumed that many of the sodium ions contained in the processed foods come from salt in the measurement range. (horiba.com)
The measurement results obtained by sodium flame photometry method agreed well with those obtained by the sodium ion selective glass electrode method, and it is assumed that the processed foods have low potassium ion content, which affects measurements with a sodium ion selective glass electrode. (horiba.com)

When a battery is used, electrically charged ions travel between electrodes, causing those electrodes to shrink and swell. (electrochem.org)
and Mengquiang Zhao, PhD, designed electrode architectures with open macroporosity -- many small openings -- to make each redox active sites in the MXene material readily accessible to ions. (sciencedaily.com)
The ideal electrode architecture would be something like ions moving to the ports via multi-lane, high-speed 'highways,' instead of taking single-lane roads. (sciencedaily.com)
Mikhael Levi, PhD, and Netanel Shpigel, research collaborators from Bar-Ilan University in Israel, helped the Drexel group maximize the number of the ports accessible to ions in MXene electrodes. (sciencedaily.com)
Most metallic electrodes inject charge through the generation of electrons at the electrode surface, however in physiological systems charge is carried by electrolytes (ions). (frontiersin.org)
F - electrodes have a response membrane composed of a single crystal of lanthanum fluoride LaF 3 , and have a neutral internal solution containing F - ions. (horiba.com)

Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are electrochemical measurement devices that are manufactured by printing different types of ink on plastic or ceramic substrates, allowing quick in-situ analysis with high reproducibility, sensitivity and accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
One of the principal advantages is the possibility of modifying the screen-printed electrodes, modifying the composition of its inks by adding different metals, enzymes, complexing agents, polymers, etc., which is useful for the preparation of multitude electrochemical analyses. (wikipedia.org)
Multicomponent composite electrodes are an essential feature of a variety of electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and hybrid systems, and their proper design is key to ensuring that optimum kinetics and mass transport are achieved during operation. (electrochem.org)
Researchers have introduced a next-generation model membrane electrode that promises to revolutionize fundamental electrochemical research. (sciencedaily.com)
This innovative electrode, fabricated through a meticulous process, showcases an ordered array of hollow giant carbon nanotubes (gCNTs) within a nanoporous membrane, unlocking new possibilities for energy storage and electrochemical studies. (sciencedaily.com)
Unlike traditional composite electrodes, this self-standing model electrode eliminates inter-particle contact, ensuring minimal contact resistance -- something essential for interpreting the corresponding electrochemical behaviors. (sciencedaily.com)
By employing the model membrane electrode with its extensive range of nanopore dimensions, we can attain profound insights into the intricate electrochemical processes transpiring within porous carbon electrodes, along with their inherent correlations to the nanopore dimensions. (sciencedaily.com)
This 1D tutorial models the current distribution and electrode utilization in the porous electrodes in an electrochemical capacitor. (comsol.com)
In this project, Ludovic Jourdin of Biotechnology (TNW) and Kunal Masania of the Shaping Matter Lab (LR) will team up to explore strategies to shape carbon electrodes into hierarchical porous electrodes for microbial electrosynthesis and study the role of hierarchical porosity on microbial and electrochemical activity. (tudelft.nl)
The step-by-step assembly of antibiotin IgG on Os(bpy)(2)ClPyCH(2)NH poly( allylamine ) redox polymer (PAH-Os) adsorbed on thiolated gold electrodes was proved by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments, confirming the electrochemical evidence. (bvsalud.org)

EL510 is a disposable, Ag-AgCl , radio-translucent set of three pre-wired electrodes with hydrogel centers and hydrocolloid ends Contact area: 10 mm. (biopac.com)
Collaborators Patrice Simon, PhD, and Zifeng Lin, from Université Paul Sabatier in France, produced a hydrogel electrode design with more redox active sites, which allows it to store as much charge for its volume as a battery. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers from The University of Manchester and Harvard University have collaborated on a pioneering project in bioengineering, producing metal-free, hydrogel electrodes that flex to fit the complex shapes inside the human body. (manchester.ac.uk)
Hydrogel polymers present a versatile coating option for electrodes as they can be chemically modified to provide a soft and conductive scaffold. (frontiersin.org)
A more recent approach proposes tissue engineering the electrode interface through the use of encapsulated neurons within hydrogel coatings. (frontiersin.org)

The prosthetic arm plugs into the patient's electrode implant to create natural-feeling sensations. (electrochem.org)
To test their new creation, the researchers injected the material into rats and pigs, and compared the performance to that of silver wires and a clinical electrode implant. (ieee.org)
To achieve higher resolution it has become clear that reducing the size of electrodes is required to enable higher electrode counts from the implant device. (frontiersin.org)
At the center of the technology are a series of 14 electrodes, which neurosurgeons implant deep within the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex-two regions of the brain that are involved in mood regulation. (extremetech.com)
Blood an implant with a positioner, a silastic agalactiae , designated group B strepto- count was remarkable for leukocy- wedge inserted next to the implanted coccus (GBS), is a major cause of in- tosis of 30,000/mm3 and neutrophil electrode in the cochlea to position the fections in neonates and young infants predominance. (cdc.gov)
When we don't know exactly where a patient's seizures are coming from, we surgically implant electrodes in and around the brain. (medlineplus.gov)

To monitor heart rhythms and muscle function, doctors often attach electrodes to a patient's skin, detecting the electrical signals that lie beneath. (eurekalert.org)
While four externally-fed electrodes are removed from the patient's brain after the initial nine-day observation period, the others are left behind and energized by a rechargeable battery implanted in the participant's chest. (extremetech.com)

Auxiliary or counter electrode. (wikipedia.org)

Researchers can, and they took a big step toward making it a reality with their recent work unveiling of a new battery electrode design. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers in Drexel University's College of Engineering can, and they took a big step toward making it a reality with their recent work unveiling of a new battery electrode design in the journal Nature Energy . (sciencedaily.com)
A team of MIT researchers has announced that they have developed a new battery electrode that could lead to more powerful batteries. (slashgear.com)

The Nernst-Planck equations are used to model transport by diffusion and migration of the binary electrolyte, using tortuosity and porosity parameters to derive effective transport parameters for the porous electrodes. (comsol.com)
Electrode has a response membrane which consists of a porous membrane or macromolecular material that acts as a support for polar organic solvent containing dissolved liquid ionic-exchanger. (horiba.com)

Electrodes have a different internal resistance depending on their response membrane, and also require different measurement methods, electrode storage, and electrode maintenance. (horiba.com)
Also known as a plastic solidification membrane electrode. (horiba.com)

image: Sponge electrodes, seen here in a variety of thicknesses, use sugar cubes as templates. (eurekalert.org)
As a low-cost, flexible alternative, sponge electrodes expand the possibilities for wearable health care applications, including use in medical exams that require patients to move, or for long-term monitoring of people at home or at work, say the researchers. (eurekalert.org)

We demonstrate that hippocampal slices can be imaged through transparent graphene electrodes by both confocal and two-photon microscopy without causing any light-induced artefacts in the electrical recordings. (nature.com)
Graphene electrodes record high-frequency bursting activity and slow synaptic potentials that are hard to resolve by multicellular calcium imaging. (nature.com)

Coating electrodes with conductive polymers or carbon nanotubes offers a substantial increase in charge transfer area compared to conventional platinum electrodes. (frontiersin.org)

For some time, researchers have wondered why the electrode materials - which are fairly brittle - don't crack in the expansion and contraction styles. (electrochem.org)
Addressing these challenges, researchers have designed soft electrodes that better conform to the skin, as well as microneedle-based versions that physically penetrate the skin, but these are expensive to manufacture, limiting their widespread use. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers tested the ability of the sponge device to monitor uterine contractions during labor and found it performed as well as, or better than, a conventional electrode. (eurekalert.org)
Use in battery electrodes is just the latest in a series of developments with the MXene material that was discovered by researchers in Drexel's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 2011. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers have created numerous flexible or stretchy electrodes to mold to the shape of, say, brain tissue, but this technology can be injected into the body and fill in cracks and crevices around nerves. (ieee.org)
Once the electrodes are implanted, researchers observe the participant's brain activity while ensuring the participant is medically sound. (extremetech.com)

Silver-silver chloride (Ag-AgCl) electrodes provide accurate and clear transmission of surface biopotentials EL250 series reusable lead electrodes. (biopac.com)
Reusable cup electrodes designed to provide effectiveness, ease of use and reliable signals every time. (bio-medical.com)

Several phases must meet in these composite systems, such as a gas diffusion electrode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, for the electrochemistry to take place, which requires the combination of good materials selection and processing protocols. (electrochem.org)
This talk considers the stability limits for metal electrodeposition processes in liquid and semisolid structured electrolytes and, on that basis, proposes electrode and anode/electrolyte interphase design principles for enabling highly reversible storage solutions. (aiche.org)
The concept would ditch the liquid or polymer gel that is used as an electrolyte between the two electrodes inside the battery. (slashgear.com)

Throw that mood ring away-these brain electrodes can tell scientists exactly how you're feeling at any given time. (extremetech.com)

Very recently, we have initiated a project in electro catalysis using model electrodes for a fundamental understanding of the structure-activity relation during the Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions (OER and HER) as well as the electro oxidation of hydrocarbons. (lu.se)

Ludovic Jourdin of Biotechnology (TNW) and Kunal Masania of the Shaping Matter Lab (LR) team up for novel carbon electrodes for microbial electrosynthesis. (tudelft.nl)

This new electrode design for lithium-ion batteries has been shown to potentially reduce the charging time from hours to minutes, all by replacing the conventional graphite electrode with a network of tin-oxide nanoparticles. (electrochem.org)

A new material that possesses high transparency in the visible and near infra-red (NIR) range and is also highly conducting could have promising application as transparent electrodes (TEs) in optoelectronic devices. (thehindubusinessline.com)
The development of infrared (IR) transparent electrodes (specifically in the near-infrared range) is crucial for improving the efficiency of certain optoelectronic devices and opening up applications in emerging areas like IR photodetectors, IR switching devices, sensors, and modulators for telecommunication. (thehindubusinessline.com)

Characterization of self-assembled redox polymer and antibody molecules on thiolated gold electrodes. (bvsalud.org)
Multilayer immobilization of antibody and redox polymer molecules on a gold electrode was achieved, as a strategy for the potential development of an amperometric immunosensor. (bvsalud.org)

The potassium content of 15 types of foodstuffs was measured using a flame photometer and with a potassium ion electrode. (horiba.com)
In the figure, the horizontal axis represents measurements using the flame photometer, and the vertical axis represents measurements with the potassium electrode. (horiba.com)

Low-cost electrodes-used to teach electrochemistry-are being created by professor James Kariuki and technician David King of the Augustana Campus Department of Chemistry . (ualberta.ca)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this translational SBIR program, we will develop a totally implantable, wireless, subdural electrode grid for short-term cortical EEG monitoring (less than 30 days). (sbir.gov)
Implantable electrodes for long term monitoring and interaction with multiple neurons have the potential to provide such information but will only be useful if truly biocompatible, i.e. if they themselves do not cause significant tissue reactions such as inflammation, neuronal loss and glial encapsulation. (lu.se)

This adapter is an MR Safe carbon composite radio translucent electrode lead that connects a non-ferrous 2 mm pin to a Touchproof 15 mm female. (biopac.com)
This work aimed at preparing the electrode composite LiFePO 4 @carbon by hydrothermal and the calcination process was conducted at 600, 700, and 800°C. The structure and morphology were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal analysis. (hindawi.com)
We summarized in Table 1 the highlighted results of composite electrode LiFePO 4 @carbon prepared by hydrothermal method. (hindawi.com)
Summary of composite electrode LiFePO 4 @carbon prepared by hydrothermal method. (hindawi.com)
In this work, we prepared the electrode composite LiFePO 4 @carbon based on hydrothermal route and pyrolysis process at different temperature at 600, 700, and 800°C. The glucose as carbon coating source was added at the beginning of hydrothermal reaction. (hindawi.com)
The composite electrode LiFePO 4 @carbon were synthesized by hydrothermal route. (hindawi.com)

The electrode manufacturing process involves the sequential deposition of different layers of conductive and/or insulating inks on the substrates of interest. (wikipedia.org)
The current gold-standard electrodes for electrophysiologic monitoring rely on a silver disc that contacts the skin through a conductive gel. (eurekalert.org)
They then dissolved the sugar with hot water and coated the sponge's micropores with a conductive thin film to form the electrode. (eurekalert.org)
The team, led by Yury Gogotsi, PhD, Distinguished University and Bach professor in Drexel's College of Engineering, in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, created the new electrode designs from a highly conductive, two-dimensional material called MXene. (sciencedaily.com)

At the time of hospital admis- tor with an electrode array surgically sion, he was somnolent but could be placed near the auditory nerve fibers aroused and was cooperative. (cdc.gov)

Simultaneous and non-simultaneous dual electrode stimulation in cochlear implants: evidence for two neural response modalities. (advancedbionics.com)

Chloride electrodes can be used on any ISE meter with a BNC connection The electrodes can also be used on meters with a variety of inputs when an adapter cable is used. (fishersci.com)

The electrodes were prepared by electrospinning a solution of catalyst powder, salt-form Nafion (with Na+, Li+, or Cs+ as the sulfonic acid counterion), and a carrier polymer of either polyethylene oxide or poly(acrylic acid). (ornl.gov)
We've managed to take everyday things like gold or silver foil or wire, inexpensive recycled platinum and even pencil lead to use for electrodes, and we use affordable polymer to print the casings," said King. (ualberta.ca)
A spool of polymer can yield "hundreds of electrodes" and cost only one to four dollars to produce. (ualberta.ca)

Typically, an electrode is connected to the base/apex of the heart and the other to the atria with a reference or ground electrode attached to a metal cannula. (adinstruments.com)
The limitations of interfacing electrodes including low charge injection limits, mechanical mismatch and foreign body response can be addressed through the use of organic electrode coatings which typically provide a softer, more roughened surface to enable both improved charge transfer and lower mechanical mismatch with neural tissue. (frontiersin.org)
These waveforms represent motor unit potentials as typically observed on needle electrode examination during electromyogram, with a frequency of 20-100 Hz. (medscape.com)

Due to the non-woven backing material, the electrode ensures ease of use and comfort during application. (bio-medical.com)
With a robust design and ease of implantation, the HiFocus 1j is the electrode of choice for many surgeons worldwide. (advancedbionics.com)

These combination electrodes withstand the most demanding field conditions-the semi-domed tip protects the pH bulb and ensures a quick response when taking measurements in harsh and dirty environments. (coleparmer.com)

This ink acts as a conductor, while the working electrodes are printed mainly with graphite inks, although gold, platinum and silver inks are also used. (wikipedia.org)

ISE Meters, Orion 900100 sure flow single junction electrode, and module 932001. (fishersci.com)

Now Slater and her team have developed a method that uses an electrode positioned on the midline of the scalp to detect brainwave patterns associated with pain. (newscientist.com)
Electrodes are placed on your scalp. (medlineplus.gov)

The Ammonium Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Ammonium (NH 4 + ) in aqueous samples. (vernier.com)

HAVING electrodes implanted in your brain is a drastic measure, but for many people with Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation offers a new lease of life. (newscientist.com)
Traditional neuronal interfaces utilize metallic electrodes which in recent years have reached a plateau in terms of the ability to provide safe stimulation at high resolution or rather with high densities of microelectrodes with improved spatial selectivity. (frontiersin.org)
Every electrode array in the HiFocus family delivers focused stimulation through current steering technology - available only from Advanced Bionics - for hearing that more closely resembles normal hearing. (advancedbionics.com)
A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit consists of 1 or more electrical-signal generators, a battery, and a set of electrodes. (medscape.com)
In addition, ongoing work aims at developing a new generation of biocompatible electrodes for highly specific and personalized deep brain stimulation to be used to treat neurological disorders such as chronic pain, motor disorders and epilepsy. (lu.se)

A pair of pure tin cup electrodes with a 48" (122 cm) lead wire and a 1.5mm DIN connector. (bio-medical.com)
Limb clamp electrode, clothespin type, for 1/8' post end leads or 4mm banana plug leads, screw connector. (philips.co.uk)
A pack of three non-sterile spring clip (spring metal plated with nickel and gold) electrodes, each having a 1 m lead wire and terminating to a 2 mm pin connector. (adinstruments.com)

These disposable dry electrodes have a very long shelf-life and are ideal for EDA/GSR applications EL509 electrodes are radiotranslucent and have. (biopac.com)

AB's HiFocus Helix electrode is designed to conform to the cochlea's natural contour. (advancedbionics.com)

This transparent electrode technology may pave the way for high spatio-temporal resolution electro-optic mapping of the dynamic neuronal activity. (nature.com)

Usually, the electrodes are initially placed on the skin over the painful area, but other locations (eg, over cutaneous nerves, trigger points, acupuncture sites) may give comparable or even better pain relief. (medscape.com)

In response to requirements at the time, many types of ion electrodes have been used as the detectors in dedicated specific ion meters. (horiba.com)

Now, a team of biomedical engineers has created a type of electrode that can be injected into the body as a liquid, then harden into a stretchy, taffy-like substance. (ieee.org)

Indium tin oxide is a very expensive and brittle material, which cracks easily upon bending, making it unsuitable for flexible electrode arrays. (nature.com)

In addition, screen-printed electrodes avoid tedious cleaning processes. (wikipedia.org)
Developed through extensive research and using state-of-the-art manufacturing processes, the HiFocus Mid-Scala electrode has been designed for optimal placement in the cochlea. (advancedbionics.com)

We demonstrate charging of thin MXene electrodes in tens of milliseconds. (sciencedaily.com)

Here, we report a transparent, flexible neural electrode technology based on graphene, which enables simultaneous optical imaging and electrophysiological recording. (nature.com)

These impulses are vital to the early diagnosis and treatment of many disorders, but currently available electrodes have limited function or are expensive to manufacture. (eurekalert.org)
These electrodes are critical tools for detecting abnormal electrical signals linked to health issues, such as heart attacks, brain disorders or neuromuscular diseases. (eurekalert.org)

They developed a 3D nanoarchitecture in the form of a honeycomb-like array of hexagonal MIEC tubes partially infused with solid lithium metal to form one electrode of the battery with extra space in each tube. (slashgear.com)

In the figure above, the carrier gas enters a chamber interacts with the dry powder that is then moved to coat the electrode. (wpi.edu)

The composition of the different inks (carbon, silver, gold, platinum) used in the manufacture of the electrode determines its selectivity and sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
8mm Silver EEG Flat Electrode. (bio-medical.com)
The Nicolet Silver EEG Flat Electrode in Yellow with a length of 48 inches is a high-quality electrode that is specifically designed for use in electroencephalography (EEG) procedures. (bio-medical.com)

GEL101A electrode paste is specially formulated with 05% saline added to a neutral base to create an isotonic, 005 molar NaCl, electrode paste Unlike. (biopac.com)

This work demonstrated that you need both materials to achieve optimal electrode performance - carbon nanotubes or graphene alone would not suffice. (manchester.ac.uk)

Combinations of biocompatible light guides and electrodes are developed to allow identification of phenotype (by using optogenetic methods) of the neurons recorded from in mice. (lu.se)

Anatomy7

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science1

Health Care4

Selective Electrodes2

Reference electrode3

Glass Electrode3

Ions6

Electrochemical10

Hydrogel5

Implant6

Patient's2

Counter electrode1

Battery electrode3

Porous2

Membrane2

Sponge Electrodes2

Graphene electrodes2

Platinum Electrodes1

Researchers6

Reusable2

Electrolyte3

Brain electrodes1

Model electrodes1

Carbon electrodes1

Lithium-ion batte1

Transparent electrodes2

Redox2

Potassium2

Electrochemistry1

Implantable2

Composite6

Conductive4

Surgically1

Cochlear1

Chloride1

Polymer3

Typically3

Ease2

Measurements1

Graphite1

Single junction1

Scalp2

Measure the concentration1

Stimulation5

Connector3

Shelf-life1

Conform1

Neuronal1

Initially1

Meters1

Biomedical1

Brittle1

Processes2

Tens1

Simultaneous1

Disorders2

Partially1

Powder1

Silver3

Unlike1

Optimal1

Neurons1