• Most of the EDARADD gene mutations associated with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the receptor protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
  • Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED. (springer.com)
  • Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)
  • An autosomal recessive form of ectodermal dysplasia which is due to mutations in the gene for the EDAR RECEPTOR or EDAR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. (rush.edu)
  • It includes a number of mutations, including three in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. (salon.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Although Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and X-linked spastic paraplegia type 2 are nosologically distinguished, they are at opposite ends of a clinical spectrum of X-linked diseases caused by mutations of the same gene, the proteolipid protein 1 ( PLP1 ) gene, and result in defective central nervous system (CNS) myelination (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Severe clinical syndromes (sometimes referred to as the connatal forms of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease) are typically caused by missense and other small mutations that affect critical positions in PLP1 , whereas the milder spastic paraplegia syndrome is caused by mutations that presumably affect less critical regions of the protein. (medscape.com)
  • X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets are the result of mutations in PHEX (a phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) and dentin matrix protein 1 ( DMP1 ), respectively. (medscape.com)
  • The EDARADD protein interacts with another protein, called the ectodysplasin A receptor, which is produced from the EDAR gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The EDARADD protein acts as an adapter, which means it assists the ectodysplasin A receptor in triggering chemical signals within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These changes occur in or near the death domain, preventing the EDARADD protein from interacting effectively with the ectodysplasin A receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Once activated through formation of an inflammasome complex, it initiates a proinflammatory response through the cleavage and thus activation of the two inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) as well as pyroptosis, a programmed lytic cell death pathway, through cleavage of Gasdermin D. The two inflammatory cytokines activated by Caspase-1 are excreted from the cell to further induce the inflammatory response in neighboring cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein is part of a signaling pathway that plays an important role in development before birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Within the last 10 years significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of HED and this is mainly due to the discovery of unknown proteins and the elucidation of their function in signal transduction via the TNFα-related pathway. (springer.com)
  • Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • To analyze this effect anatomically, we manipulated G q -protein-dependent signaling selectively in neurons belonging to the direct or indirect striatal pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Acute G q -protein activation in direct-pathway or indirect-pathway neurons produced an enhancement or a decrease, respectively, of activity-dependent parameters. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast, sustained G q -protein activation impaired the functionality of direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons and disrupted the behavioral performance and electroencephalography-related activity tasks controlled by either anatomical framework. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus NRAGE was identified during this research doctorate as a novel pro-apoptotic, IAP-interacting protein, able to accelerate apoptosis in a pathway independent of Bcl-2 cell protection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The EDA gene, located at Xq12-q13.1 and encoding the transmembrane type II ectodysplasin-A (EDA) protein, which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is responsible for XLHED through EDA-EDAR (EDA receptor)-EDARADD (EDAR-associated death domain) pathway [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RoRet is a new anti-apoptotic molecule that can inhibit the mitochondrial pathway via its PRY-SPRY domain. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • It interacts with other CARD containing proteins such as Apoptosis-Associated Speck-like Protein Containing a CARD (ASC) and Nod-Like Receptor (NLR) Family CARD Domain-Containing Protein 4 (NLRC4) through CARD-CARD interactions in the formation of inflammasomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their importance is highlighted by the fact that they are involved in almost all essential biological cellular processes including apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, and migration, and they are suggested to regulate more than 50% of all protein-coding genes [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) have been shown to interact with a growing number of intracellular proteins and signalling pathways in order to fulfil their anti-apoptotic role. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Die Familie der „inhibitor of apoptosis proteins" (IAPs) interagieren mit einer wachsenden Zahl an intrazellulären Proteinen und Signaltransduktionswegen um ihre anti-apoptotische Aufgabe zu erfüllen. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Um diese Befunde genauer zu untersuchen, wurde in dieser Arbeit ein "yeast two-hybrid screen" mit ITA als "bait" (Köder) und einer cDNA-Bank aus Die Familie der „inhibitor of apoptosis proteins" (IAPs) interagieren mit einer wachsenden Zahl an intrazellulären Proteinen und Signaltransduktionswegen um ihre anti-apoptotische Aufgabe zu erfüllen. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Proteins that contain the recently described MIF4G and/or MA3 domains function in translation, cell growth, proliferation, transformation, and apoptosis. (umn.edu)
  • The conserved domain is referred to as a death domain due to the fact that many of these receptors are involved in signaling APOPTOSIS. (reference.md)
  • Apoptosis (programmed cell death) represents a general genetic safeguard mechanism of multicellular organisms for the elimination of superfluous or dangerous cells (virus-infected or cancer cells). (fu-berlin.de)
  • For Caspase-1, genes for specific COPs-ICEBERG, COP1 (ICE/Pseudo-ICE), and INCA (Inhibitory Card)-are all found near its locus, and are thus thought to have emerged from gene duplication events and subsequent deletions of the catalytic domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The EDARADD gene provides instructions for making a protein called the EDAR-associated via death domain (EDARADD) protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gene defect in ectodermal dysplasia implicates a death domain adapter in development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, the PDCD4 protein combines directly with the mRNA coding region of the target gene ( MYB/c-MYB ) to block translation [2] . (plos.org)
  • Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • The new gene encodes a approximately 34-kilodalton protein that is highly homologous to human CPP32, Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein CED-3, mammalian Ich-1 (Nedd2), and mammalian interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. (deathbase.org)
  • One of Chakravarti's major research interests is to determine the mechanisms of steroid hormone and vitamin signaling with special emphasis on the role of the nuclear hormone receptor co-regulatory proteins in gene transcription. (northwestern.edu)
  • Chakravarti's laboratory identifies and characterizes the role of chromatin signal transducer proteins including the recently identified INHAT proteins in gene regulation. (northwestern.edu)
  • The lab is also characterizing members of a novel THAP domain protein family regarding their roles in gene regulation, chromatin signaling, cell growth and differentiation and cancer. (northwestern.edu)
  • [ 1 ] is a congenital hypomyelination disorder caused by changes affecting the proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1) located on Xq22.2. (medscape.com)
  • Alzheimer's research has traditionally focused on a few major themes - the role of the amyloid protein on neuronal loss and how this toxic protein causes injury by interacting with tau. (news-medical.net)
  • Naturally occurring axonal pruning and neuronal cell death help to sculpt neuronal connections during development, but their mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. (deathbase.org)
  • The LC selectively cleaves a disease that is contracted by ingestion of food containing the neuronal proteins required for acetylcholine release. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we report that the ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells is critical for the promoting effect of tumor necroptosis in tumor metastasis through inhibiting the anti-tumor activity of T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor recurrence and metastasis contribute to the high death rate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We recently found low level of tumor suppressor programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque area (unpublished). (plos.org)
  • Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
  • Examples of MIF4G/MA3 containing proteins and their functions include eIF4G, which serves as a scaffold for assembly of factors required for translation initiation, programmed cell death protein 4 (Pdcd4) that inhibits translation and functions as a tumor suppressor, and NMD2, which is essential for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. (umn.edu)
  • With multiple inhouse proprietary technology platforms, Alphamab Oncology has established a globally competitive and differentiated pipeline which consists of tumor single domain antibody/monoclonal antibodies, multi-functional antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. (cbinsights.com)
  • His early research includes seminal work done in 1989, demonstrating the importance of cell cycle proteins in the functioning of DNA tumor viruses. (newswise.com)
  • ED1 , encoding a ligand-ectodysplasinA-A1 (EDA-A1), EDAR , coding for ectodysplasinA-A1 receptor, EDARADD , programming the structure of EDAR-associated death domain protein and NEMO whose protein product, NFκB essential modulator (NEMO), is necessary for an indirect activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). (springer.com)
  • Administration of ADAMs pan inhibitor reduces the levels of soluble cell surface proteins in WT tumors/mice and leads to the dramatic decrease in metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We present 68 Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) PET/CT findings of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 57-year-old woman. (bvsalud.org)
  • The predicted NOM1 protein contains one MIF4G domain and one MA3 domain and, consistent with data obtained with other MIF4G/MA3 proteins, interacts with members of the eIF4A family of helicases. (umn.edu)
  • The inflammasome complex is a ring complex composed of trimers of a signal specific sensor protein such as those of the NLR family and the AIM-1 (Absent in Melanoma) like receptors, an adaptor protein such as ASC, and a caspase, in this case Caspase-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both receptors and ligands are membrane-bound proteins that require direct cell-cell interaction for activation. (hindawi.com)
  • A family of cell surface receptors that signal via a conserved domain that extends into the cell CYTOPLASM. (reference.md)
  • Activation of NMDA receptors induces protein kinase A‐mediated phosphorylation and degradation of matrin 3. (google.es)
  • Caspase-1/Interleukin-1 converting enzyme (ICE) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18 as well as the pyroptosis inducer Gasdermin D, into active mature peptides. (wikipedia.org)
  • CASP8 cleaves this encoded protein, and the COOH-terminal part translocates to mitochondria where it triggers cytochrome c release. (thermofisher.com)
  • Of the serotypes, only one, BoNT/C, administration of therapeutic immunoglobulin product and is most cleaves more than one specific protein. (cdc.gov)
  • 1997). The screen resulted in the identification of six proteins displaying cell death-inhibiting activity in S. pombe as well as anti-apoptotic potential in mammalian cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Aven was published to act as an anti-apoptotic protein and suggested to function via the recruitment of Bcl-XL to Apaf-1. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • This work shows that its C-terminal domain can bind to Apaf-1 and has a strong anti-apoptotic activity by itself. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • For death-receptor-induced necroptosis, the protein kinase receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) are the key components of the necroptosis machinery [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some cases, where the signaling proteins contain their own CARDs, like in NLRP1 and NLRC4, the CARD -CARD interaction is direct, meaning there is no adaptor protein in the complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, it is thought to inhibit Caspase-1 activation by interfering with the interaction of Caspase-1 with other important CARD containing proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This interaction occurs at a region called the death domain that is present in both proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Moreover, the results of the coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that this interaction requires the RING domain. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Towards in silico CLIP-seq : predicting protein-RNA interaction via sequence-to-signal learning. (ki.si)
  • Interestingly, the levels of some soluble cell surface proteins including sE-cadherin that are known to promote metastasis are also dramatically reduced in MLKL null tumors/mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NOM1, which includes a previously described EST called c7orf3, encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcript composed of 11 exons and an approximately 3 kb 3′ UTR that contains several Alu repeats. (umn.edu)
  • PLP1 encodes 2 major products, PLP1 and a smaller protein, DM20, that results from alternative splicing. (medscape.com)
  • The function of EDA protein in pathways regulating ectodermal development, is a key regulator of hair follicle and sweat gland initiation [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralization Profiles of Monoclonal Antibodies Elicited by the Receptor Binding Domain of the Ancestral SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, some POPs (Pyrin only proteins) are also known to regulate Caspase-1 activation through inhibition of inflammasome activation by binding to and blocking PYD interactions, which also play a role in the formation of the inflammasomes, though the exact mechanisms are not yet well established. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins that regulate vesicle exocytosis cluster at AZs, composing the cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ). (eneuro.org)
  • As a necrotic cell death, the rupture of cell plasma membrane of necroptotic cells results in the release of many cellular factors of necroptotic cells, which may trigger inflammation and immune responses [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This newly identified member of the MAGE family, which was later named NRAGE, exhibited some unique characteristics that suggested for the first time a role in normal cellular physiology for this protein family. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Using biochemical, molecular and cellular analyses, we demonstrated that histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation functions as a module that promotes release of key cellular proteins such as SRp20, and heterochromatin protein HP1. (northwestern.edu)
  • The antigen corresponds to amino acid range 1-195 of the target protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • In a study published online in the journal EBiomedicine , Wong and his team at the Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN of Houston Methodist, reported on a new role of OCIAD1 (ovarian cancer immune-reactive antigen domain containing 1). (news-medical.net)
  • The ubiquity and diversity of these bacteria in nature, the unusual resistance of their endospores to chemical and rust no recoil cheap agents, the developmental cycle valorant wallhack buy endospore formation, the production of antibiotics, the toxicity of their spores and protein crystals for many insects, and the pathogen Bacillus anthracis, have attracted ongoing interest in these bacteria since and Cohn and Koch's discoveries in the s. (elpostrebodas.es)
  • Disruption of plant plasma membrane by Nep1-like proteins in pathogen/plant interactions. (ki.si)
  • Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. (abcam.com)
  • Cyt c then together with ATP or dATP induces a conformational change in the adaptator protein Apaf-1 (a homologue of the C. elegans CED4 protein) (Zou, Henzel et al. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • BID serves as a direct molecular link between caspase 8 activation and mitochondrial death machinery. (thermofisher.com)
  • Huntingtin contains a few domains that suggest particular functions, including WW domains and caspase cleavage sites ( 7 , 8 ), but the function of the protein remains unknown. (jci.org)
  • Here we report that beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and death receptor 6 (DR6, also known as TNFRSF21) activate a widespread caspase-dependent self-destruction program. (deathbase.org)
  • This protein complex assembly called "apoptosome" leads to the activation of Casp-9 which then initiates or amplifies the caspase cascade. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • MLKL activation also leads to the protease, ADAMs-mediated ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current vaccines dramatically reduce hospitalization and death from multiple variants. (forbes.com)
  • Research is ongoing to determine if Delta infection is associated with increased hospitalization and death. (asm.org)
  • Studies show that 2 doses of vaccines are effective at preventing hospitalization and death, but neutralization levels of vaccinated sera are lower against the Delta variant compared to the original strain. (asm.org)
  • For viral infection-induced necroptosis, RIPK3 and MLKL, but not RIPK1, are required and another protein, Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), also known as DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI), functions upstream of RIPK3-MLKL to initiate the formation of the necrosome [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many Alzheimer's researchers have focused on amyloid beta alone, or connections between amyloid beta and another protein, tau. (news-medical.net)
  • Early reports indicate that B.1.1.7 may be associated with higher rates of death than other strains of the novel coronavirus, although this has not been confirmed. (salon.com)
  • ACC and FASN also interact with each other, indicating that all three proteins may be components of a large multi-enzyme complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • Deletion of exons 2 and 3 should result in in-frame splicing from exon 1 to exon 4 and in expression of a Pdcd1 protein lacking the ligand binding and transmembrane domain. (taconic.com)
  • Originally discovered for its effect on ovarian cancer metastasis and stem cell metabolisms, Wong's group found the OCIAD1 protein in human brain cells--and determined it impairs neurons and damages synapses in the brain, contributing to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
  • Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Recombinant full length protein corresponding to Human Alpha-synuclein. (abcam.com)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, fatal neurodegenerative syndrome characterised mainly by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons and their axons resulting in wasting, paresis and death from respiratory failure within a few years on average. (bmj.com)
  • Whereas the G s /G i -protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of G q -protein-dependent signals remain poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • DR6 is broadly expressed by developing neurons, and is required for normal cell body death and axonal pruning both in vivo and after trophic-factor deprivation in vitro. (deathbase.org)
  • Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • These studies are important because they identify these proteins as key transducers of chromatin signaling during cell cycle progression. (northwestern.edu)
  • These proteins aggregate at presynaptic active zones (AZs) to form the cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ), which controls the recruitment, docking, and priming of synaptic vesicles and enhances calcium channel accumulation ( Gundelfinger and Fejtova, 2012 ). (eneuro.org)
  • Secondly, our effort will stimulate future research on further characterization of all THAP domain proteins. (northwestern.edu)
  • Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)
  • It can also compete with eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)4G and RNA for eIF4A binding and trap eIF4A in an inactive conformation to inhibit translation initiation via its two highly conserved MA3 domains [3] - [6] . (plos.org)
  • These antibodies have been directed at the Spike protein on the virus's exterior. (forbes.com)
  • This is a favored target, as studies show that greater than ninety percent of naturally-occurring antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 are directed against the Spike protein. (forbes.com)
  • The study found that some antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S protein) showed impaired binding and neutralization of the Delta variant. (asm.org)
  • [18] Death is usually caused by respiratory failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent toxins that are capable of causing death or respiratory failure leading to long-term intensive care. (cdc.gov)
  • The targets in the Spike protein are the primary receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the secondary N-terminal domain (NTD). (forbes.com)
  • The Spike is an intertwined trimer of three S proteins. (forbes.com)
  • The Spike protein gives the coronavirus those little nubs that poke out of it like the spines on a sea urchin. (salon.com)
  • We examined the relationship between peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2 S (Spike protein)1/M (Membrane protein)-reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, serum levels of biomarkers of clinical severity, and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (nature.com)
  • En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
  • The data further show that B9d1 is required for normal Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, ciliogenesis, and ciliary protein localization. (medscape.com)
  • At synapses, neurotransmitter exocytosis is regulated by a complex of release machinery proteins. (eneuro.org)
  • Moreover, expression studies on mRNA and protein level showed upregulation of Fte-1/S3a in colon, lung and kidney carcinoma. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Intoxication with delivering the catalytic light chain (LC) to its target via its N- one of the seven distinct serotypes of BoNT (A-G) causes botulism, terminal translocation domain (HN) [6]. (cdc.gov)
  • It can bind directly to activated Apaf-1 at the linker domain between the WD40 repeats and the CED4-like domain, suggesting that it may protect by sequestering the activated Apaf-1 to some organelles whose nature remains to be determined. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • We also identified a WD repeat protein WDR5, which is a key subunit of the MLL/Set1 histone methyltransferase complex, as a transducer of histone H3 threonine 11 phosphorylation in prostate cancer cells. (northwestern.edu)
  • We, in a dogma changing study demonstrated that key cell cycle genes are regulated by HCFC1 cofactor recruitment not by the E2F proteins but by a THAP11-ZNF143 transcriptional complex. (northwestern.edu)
  • 6] B9d1 and B9d2 are essential components of a B9 protein complex and, when this is disrupted, Meckel syndrome results. (medscape.com)
  • In the genome are 6312 protein-encoding genes, two sets of rRNA genes, and 42 tRNA genes representing 41 tRNA species. (kenyon.edu)
  • Botulinum toxin , or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox ), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The heavy chain is responsible for both receptor some species of the genus Clostridium, in particular, Clostridium binding via its C-terminal (CT) binding domain [4,5] (HC) and botulinum, C. butyricum, C. baratii, and C. argentinense. (cdc.gov)
  • MIF4G and MA3 domains serve as binding sites for one or more isoforms of the eIF4A family of ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicases that are required for translation and for nonsense-mediated decay. (umn.edu)
  • These data demonstrate that NOM1 is a new member of the MIF4G/MA3 family of proteins and suggest that it may provide an essential function in metazoans. (umn.edu)