• Multiple myeloma is a cancer caused by accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. (unitn.it)
  • The development of new drugs has increased survival time significantly the past decade, but multiple myeloma is still an incurable disease. (unitn.it)
  • The study's objective is to validate the utility of TeloView technology in identifying newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients, who might develop resistance to first line therapy within 12 months from the point of diagnosis. (stockdaymedia.com)
  • The study also aims to confirm multiple myeloma (MM) disease stability for patients who go into remission. (stockdaymedia.com)
  • Multiple myeloma is a challenging and potentially deadly blood cancer that involves plasma cells, a type of blood cell that helps to fight infection. (stockdaymedia.com)
  • Clinical drug resistance linked to interconvertible phenotypic and functional states of tumor-propagating cells in multiple myeloma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The phenotype and function of cells enriched in tumor-propagating activity and their relationship to the phenotypic architecture in multiple myeloma (MM) are controversial. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, clinical drug resistance in MM is linked to reversible, bidirectional phenotypic transition of myeloma-propagating cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • His research focuses on the mechanisms of drug resistance in multiple myeloma. (dana-farber.org)
  • Multiple Myeloma (MM) is diagnosed in 15,000 new individuals annually. (dana-farber.org)
  • Cilta-cel is an investigational B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least three prior therapies, including a proteasome inhibitor (PI), an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD), and an anti-CD38 antibody. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The submission is based on results from the Phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 study conducted in the US and Japan, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of cilta-cel for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Today's submission is an encouraging step in our mission to provide a potentially transformative cell therapy option to patients with multiple myeloma," said Ying Huang, PhD, CEO and CFO of Legend Biotech. (pharmiweb.com)
  • We look forward to closely collaborating with our partner Janssen and the MHLW in order to make cilta-cel available to patients living with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, who have exhausted several standard-of-care treatments and are facing poor prognoses. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Cilta-cel is an investigational chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, formerly identified as JNJ-4528 in the U.S. and Europe and LCAR-B38M CAR-T cells in China, that is being studied in a comprehensive clinical development program for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and in earlier lines of treatment. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Multiple myeloma, an incurable blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow and is characterized by an excessive proliferation of plasma cells. (pharmiweb.com)
  • 2 In Japan, there were more than 7,000 new cases of multiple myeloma and nearly 5,000 deaths. (pharmiweb.com)
  • 5 Refractory multiple myeloma is when a patient's disease is non-responsive or progresses within 60 days of their last therapy. (pharmiweb.com)
  • 6 , 7 While some patients with multiple myeloma have no symptoms at all, most patients are diagnosed by symptoms that can include bone problems, low blood counts, calcium elevation, kidney problems or infections. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) with 1q21 gains invariably has a poor prognosis. (karger.com)
  • Saki N, Abroun S, Hajizamani S, Rahim F, Shahjahani M: Association of chromosomal translocation and miRNA expression with the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. (karger.com)
  • Bergsagel PL, Mateos MV, Gutierrez NC, Rajkumar SV, San MJ: Improving overall survival and overcoming adverse prognosis in the treatment of cytogenetically high-risk multiple myeloma. (karger.com)
  • Abdi J, Jian H, Chang H: Role of micro-RNAs in drug resistance of multiple myeloma. (karger.com)
  • Bong I, Ng CC, Baharuddin P, Zakaria Z: MicroRNA expression patterns and target prediction in multiple myeloma development and malignancy. (karger.com)
  • Archived rilpivirine-associated resistance mutations among ART-naive and virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 subtype C in Botswana: implications for cabotegravir/rilpivirine use. (harvard.edu)
  • Emerging integrase strand transfer inhibitor drug resistance mutations among children and adults on ART in Tanzania: findings from a national representative HIV drug resistance survey. (harvard.edu)
  • HIV virologic response, patterns of drug resistance mutations and correlates among adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania. (harvard.edu)
  • High concordance in plasma and CSF HIV-1 drug resistance mutations despite high cases of CSF viral escape in individuals with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Botswana. (harvard.edu)
  • Drug Resistance Mutations and Associated Phenotypes Detected in Clinical Trials of Maribavir for Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infection. (harvard.edu)
  • However, the cost of resistance can be mitigated by compensatory mutations elsewhere in the genome, and therefore the loss of resistance may proceed too slowly to be of practical importance. (elifesciences.org)
  • We present our study on the efficacy and phenotypic impact of compensatory evolution in Escherichia coli strains carrying multiple resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • The extent of resistance loss was found to be generally antibiotic-specific, driven by mutations that reduce both resistance level and fitness costs of antibiotic-resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • We conclude that phenotypic reversion to the antibiotic-sensitive state can be mediated by the acquisition of additional mutations, while maintaining the original resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, in other cases, such deleterious side effects of resistance mutations are undetectable, and resistance can even confer benefits in specific, antibiotic-free environmental settings ( Maharjan and Ferenci, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • It is frequently assumed that such compensatory mutations mitigate the fitness costs of resistance mutations without affecting the level of resistance. (elifesciences.org)
  • As the range of targets for compensation is much broader, compensatory mutations are more likely than the reversion of resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • If compensatory mutations are indeed widespread, pathogens can reach both high level of resistance and high fitness. (elifesciences.org)
  • Drug resistance largely results from changes (mutations) in the genetic material that code for these enzymes, rendering ART less effective. (canada.ca)
  • Most mutations do not result in the development of drug resistance, as they are lethal, reduce fitness, or even if not affecting viral growth, occur at sites that are not targeted by ART. (canada.ca)
  • However, under conditions in which treatment does not completely inhibit viral replication, a virus with drug-resistant mutations may begin to thrive, resulting in treatment failure. (canada.ca)
  • By comparing the generated sequences with databases containing resistance-conferring mutations, the presence or absence of drug resistance can be determined. (canada.ca)
  • Unfortunately, many patients become resistant to these drugs due to secondary mutations. (uclahealth.org)
  • Cancer is a complicated mix of multiple, interconnected events gone awry through mutations. (uclahealth.org)
  • In a study published March 29 in the journal Science Signaling, the team demonstrates their use of network-scale proteomic experiments and mathematical analyses to build a "system-wide" view of how signaling mutations cause leukemia and to identify points of susceptibility that can be targeted by "cocktail" therapies to prevent drug resistance. (uclahealth.org)
  • Understanding this complex network of events is critical to designing new molecularly targeted anti-cancer therapies to simultaneously target the primary mutation while preventing the development of secondary, resistance-conferring mutations, and we now have additional tools to do this. (uclahealth.org)
  • In many cases, drug resistance results from secondary mutations replacing or amplifying the original cancer-promoting signal targeted by the drug. (uclahealth.org)
  • The future of molecular therapies, researchers say, relies on targeting multiple events simultaneously, making it exponentially more difficult for tumor cells to develop the mutations required to escape the effect of drug therapy. (uclahealth.org)
  • Drug resistance is determined using a database of published resistance mutations. (aruplab.com)
  • These mutations can give the cell the ability to withstand further treatment with that drug. (atcc.org)
  • In addition to acquiring somatic mutations associated with drug resistance, cancer cells may alter cell signaling pathway feedback loops or bypass certain drug target signaling pathways through epigenetic alterations to maintain activation of key cell proliferation and survival signals. (atcc.org)
  • What we've tried to do is consider in the strategy as many resistance mutations as we're aware of. (acs.org)
  • Using HIV-1 as a model system, we optimized and validated PANDAA to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). (nature.com)
  • The evaluation has included a focus on the presence of F13L mutations that might indicate tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance appears because of the mutations that take place spontaneously in any group of growing microorganisms or cells, whether exposed to drugs or not. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But some mutations change the parts of the microorganism or cell that are affected by drugs, decreasing the drug's ability to work (that is, causing resistance). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one antimicrobial drug in three or more antimicrobial categories. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) is the non-susceptibility of one bacteria species to all antimicrobial agents except in two or less antimicrobial categories. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, varied from 8.4% to 92.9% for Escherichia coli and from 4.1% to 79.4% for Klebsiellapneumoniae in different countries. (nih.gov)
  • Nowadays, plants are considered a valuable source of unique natural compounds used in the development of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antimicrobial drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • however, a dramatic increase in resistance to antimicrobial drugs has been observed. (hindawi.com)
  • His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Health, pursuant to subsection 30(1) (see footnote a) of the Food and Drugs Act (see footnote b) , makes the annexed Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Veterinary Drugs - Antimicrobial Resistance) . (gc.ca)
  • No Clinical Benefit of Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Diarrhea in a High-Usage, High-Resistance Setting. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The clinical benefits of empirical antimicrobial treatment for diarrhea are unclear in settings that lack reliable diagnostics and have high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (cam.ac.uk)
  • Antimicrobial treatment and multidrug resistance status of the infecting pathogens were found to have no significant effect on outcome. (cam.ac.uk)
  • These compounds are believed to act as pro-drugs that require intracellular enzymatic activation for antimicrobial activity. (bl.uk)
  • Background Prior studies indicated increased antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia, with related health, economic, and environmental costs. (who.int)
  • Antibiotic resistant bacteria are able to transfer copies of DNA that code for a mechanism of resistance to other bacteria even distantly related to them, which then are also able to pass on the resistance genes and so generations of antibiotics resistant bacteria are produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chapters shed light on pendant droplets used for antibiotic drug delivery, the science of lasers and their interactions with fluids in pendant droplets and spectroscopic analyses of droplets used to treat MDR infections. (benthambooks.com)
  • Antibiotic resistance typically induces a fitness cost that shapes the fate of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations. (elifesciences.org)
  • We have demonstrated that drug-resistance frequently declines within 480 generations during exposure to an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • Such strategies implicitly presume that resistance leads to reduced bacterial fitness in an antibiotic-free environment, and therefore these resistant populations should be rapidly outcompeted by antibiotic-sensitive variants. (elifesciences.org)
  • In theory, the extent of fitness costs determines the long-term stability of resistance, and consequently, the rate by which the frequency of resistant bacteria decreases in an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • This test is similar in concept to antibiotic-resistance testing in bacterial culture. (canada.ca)
  • So far, the isolates with mcr-1 haven't carried resistance to all other antibiotic classes. (scienceblogs.com)
  • creates resistance to the very last-resort antibiotic colistin. (scienceblogs.com)
  • There is a great demand for completely new types of antibiotics and means to minimize the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. (lu.se)
  • It also provides insights about bacterial physiology as well as industrial and clinical aspects of antibiotics and about evolution of antibiotic resistance. (lu.se)
  • other types include MDR viruses, parasites (resistant to multiple antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic drugs of a wide chemical variety). (wikipedia.org)
  • Recognizing different degrees of MDR in bacteria, the terms extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) have been introduced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yeasts such as Candida species can become resistant under long-term treatment with azole preparations, requiring treatment with a different drug class. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herpes simplex virus rarely becomes resistant to acyclovir preparations, mostly in the form of cross-resistance to famciclovir and valacyclovir, usually in immunosuppressed patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Assessment of minority frequency pretreatment HIV drug-resistant variants in pregnant women and associations with virologic non-suppression at term. (harvard.edu)
  • Footnote 7 Footnote 8 However, these benefits can be adversely affected by the development of drug-resistant forms of the virus. (canada.ca)
  • Primary drug resistance is resistance observed in treatment-naive individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection, in whom resistance is presumably due to the transmission of a drug-resistant variant of HIV-1. (canada.ca)
  • The emergence of drug resistance in treated populations (antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients) and transmission of drug- resistant strains to newly infected individuals are important public health concerns in the prevention and control of HIV. (canada.ca)
  • As part of global surveillance and sequencing of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli , we identified a sequence type 131 strain harboring bla IMP-14 within a class 1 integron, itself nested within an ∼54-kb multidrug resistance region on an epidemic IncA/C 2 plasmid. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Prospective assessment in paired, pretreatment, and posttreatment bone marrow samples shows that Pre-PCs are up to 300-fold more drug-resistant than PCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The most difficult clinical cases are caused by multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
  • When drug-resistant cases develop, they become unmanageable in the clinic and are usually fatal. (uclahealth.org)
  • Xie notes that in cases of resistance, the occurrence of microtubule bundling was much less apparent or failed to show at all, causing the microtubule structure to remain intact and therefore the cancer cells became taxane resistant. (corning.com)
  • This four-drug, 6-mo regimen is effective even when the infecting organism is resistant to INH. (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (i.e., resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) presents difficult treatment problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Increasing or stable viral loads in a patient receiving antiviral therapy may indicate the presence of drug-resistant viral populations. (aruplab.com)
  • The detection and identification of drug-resistant virus populations is essential for informing optimal therapy. (aruplab.com)
  • While efforts are being made to identify the mechanisms of resistance and to develop novel drugs and therapeutic agents to overcome them, the lack of physiologically relevant, drug-resistant cancer model systems remains a significant challenge. (atcc.org)
  • Using daunorubicin as a fluorescent marker and vanadate as a positive control compound, a functional flow cytometry method for assessing the ability of a drug to inhibit Pgp-mediated drug efflux from CR1R12 multidrug-resistant cells has been evaluated. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms whereby MM cells evade drug-induced cytotoxicity and acquire drug-resistant phenotypes include interaction of MM cells with their bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. (dana-farber.org)
  • Research in this area conventionally involves in vitro models using resistant cell lines generated by continuous low dose drug exposure for many months, unlike the exposure experienced by residual superficial bladder cancer cells during chemotherapy adjuvant to resection. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Intracellular distribution, in which nuclear exclusion indicates resistance, was distinctively resistant in 1 subline and another 2 were equivocal. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Sub-optimal adherence may reduce the effectiveness of the regimen by allowing viral replication and the emergence of drug resistant strains. (who.int)
  • As such, we strive to understand how tumors become drug resistant, in order to design better combination therapies and prevent treatment failure. (usz.ch)
  • The objective of the current ering new classes of antimicrobials and the increasing study was, therefore, to assess the bacteriologic pro- emergence and reemergence of resistant pathogens, file, resistance pattern, and patient's outcome in Lan- mortality from infectious disease is increasing [1]. (who.int)
  • While naturally circulating tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox viruses have not been observed, previous cell culture experiments performed during drug development and independent studies performed prior to the current outbreak have demonstrated induction of resistance following tecovirimat exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • However, if all or many of the "normal" microorganisms or cells are killed by a drug, a much higher proportion of the survivors are likely to be resistant. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the resistant survivors are not killed by the body's natural defenses, which is more likely when drugs are stopped too soon or not taken in the proper manner, they may reproduce and pass on the resistant trait to their descendants. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the treatment of certain serious infections, such as HIV, doctors usually give two or more different drugs at the same time because it is very unlikely that a cell would spontaneously be resistant to two drugs at the same time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The increasing occurrence of micro-organisms that are resistant to multiple antibiotics constitutes a serious threat to human health. (lu.se)
  • The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The clinical pipeline of the new antibiotics remains dry due to the production of AmpC beta-lactamases by the bacteria to develop resistance against antibiotics. (nih.gov)
  • AMR was highly prevalent among the isolated bacteria, including resistance against fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This plasmid mobility makes it easier for bacteria to acquire resistance to multiple drugs. (scienceblogs.com)
  • So the Italian discovery signals two things that medicine has feared: that MCR has landed in bacteria that are already good at spreading through healthcare, and that it has begun the process of stacking up in bacteria, alongside other resistance DNA, on the way to creating what could be a truly untreatable bug. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Strains of microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) are said to develop resistance when they are no longer killed or inhibited by the antibiotics and antiviral drugs that are usually effective against them (or, in practice, when significantly higher than normal doses are required to have an effect). (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, they are becoming less effective as bacteria develop resistance against them. (lu.se)
  • The study is part of a journal issue focused on resistance mechanisms in cancer. (uclahealth.org)
  • A thirst for greater understanding of the mechanisms responsible for taxane resistance motivated Xie to explore organoids, with 3D cell culture a favored method for the team. (corning.com)
  • The overall cause of drug resistance is complex, and several categories of drug-resistance mechanisms have been identified. (atcc.org)
  • The major mechanisms of resistance include tumor evolution and tumor heterogeneity, acquired secondary genetic alterations, signaling pathway feedback loops and bypass mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment. (atcc.org)
  • 4,5 Drug resistance in each case could involve one or more of these major mechanisms, depending on the class of drugs and therapeutic treatment strategies being employed. (atcc.org)
  • Although our knowledge of some individual drug-resistance mechanisms has expanded significantly, a comprehensive understanding and means of addressing multifactorial drug-resistance mechanisms has yet to be achieved. (atcc.org)
  • Cell-based models are critical tools for understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and developing novel therapeutics. (atcc.org)
  • Some drugs are better than others at avoiding resistance mechanisms, but little is known about what gives them this edge. (acs.org)
  • We present here a study performed in rats investigating the mechanisms underlying this interaction, including the inhibition of active drug transport processes as part of the gastrointestinal absorption and disposition into the liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Significant contributions of other mechanisms such as inhibition of mdr1-mediated drug efflux during gastrointestinal absorption, inhibition of bosentan metabolism, or inhibition of hepatobiliary excretion seemed to be unlikely. (aspetjournals.org)
  • His studies in oncogenomics and cell signaling have defined mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to both conventional and novel drugs, providing the rationale for combining various therapeutic agents to enhance antiMM activity and overcome drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
  • Nevertheless, multiple escape mechanisms can promote drug resistance and tumor relapse. (usz.ch)
  • Thioredoxin (Trx) overexpression is known to be a cause of chemotherapy resistance in various tumor entities. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Surprisingly, we have found that by using patient tumor biopsies, we were able to see that taxane-tubulin engagement did not work effectively in those patients that gained taxane resistance. (corning.com)
  • We also observed the same phenomenon in the patient-derived tumor xenograft mouse model, which gained taxane resistance. (corning.com)
  • 7 The genetic abnormalities and drug sensitivities of cells within the same tumor can vary widely, resulting in the survival and regrowth of a sub-population of tumor cells after a treatment that initially appears to be effective. (atcc.org)
  • 3,4 In some cases, tumor cells can even acquire secondary genetic alterations during drug treatment. (atcc.org)
  • Phenotypic tests assess growth of a virus containing the genes of interest in the presence of drugs against which resistance is being determined. (canada.ca)
  • New drugs that specifically target the mutated genes responsible for cancer growth have shown great success in extending the lives of patients, with far fewer side effects than conventional anti-cancer therapies. (uclahealth.org)
  • Specific variants present in these genes are associated with antiviral resistance. (aruplab.com)
  • ARUP's testing can determine resistance-associated variants in multiple genes ( UL97 , UL54 , UL27 , and UL56 ). (aruplab.com)
  • As most patients will develop resistance to treatment and relapse within a median of 2 years, identifying them proactively remains another important unmet clinical need in the treatment of MM. The total addressable market for both of Telo's MM assays is over 750,000 tests per year in the US. (stockdaymedia.com)
  • Unfortunately, viruses are known to develop resistance to certain drugs. (voanews.com)
  • As malaria parasites develop resistance to existing drugs, researchers have been looking for new treatments. (popsci.com)
  • Similarly, cancer cells may develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The World Health Organization is recommending two new drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, adding to a growing list of therapeutic remedies for the deadly disease. (voanews.com)
  • I think we have multiple therapeutic options right now for COVID-19 and more are on the way,' she said. (voanews.com)
  • Acquired resistance has caused the therapeutic effectiveness of taxane to become limited. (corning.com)
  • These findings identify an integral role of pDCs in MM pathogenesis and provide the basis for targeting pDC-MM interactions as therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcome.Genomics and proteomics studies have identified therapeutic targets to interrupt growth and/or amplify apoptotic signaling in MM cells to enhance cytotoxicity and overcome drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
  • Oncofusions are key drivers and excellent drug targets, providing an opportunity for therapeutic innovation. (usz.ch)
  • This study demonstrated that this in vitro flow cytometry method is a simple, sensitive, and quantitative tool to assess the capacity of a drug to inhibit Pgp transporters, and is useful for screening or identifying inhibitors of Pgp as well as evaluation of potential for drug interactions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These cells were subjected to 3 functional tests of cross resistance to epirubicin, including MTT cytotoxicity assay, quantitative accumulation by flow cytometry and nuclear uptake or exclusion by live cell fluorescence microscopy. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Results: MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed clear indications of resistance. (soton.ac.uk)
  • As for antibiotics, horizontal transfer of phage resistance can be acquired by plasmid acquisition. (wikipedia.org)
  • To prevent the development of resistance, doctors try to use antibiotics only when necessary (not for viral infections such as a cold) and have people take them for a full course of treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antibiotics were once regarded as miracle drugs. (lu.se)
  • CDC was notified of one patient with persistent monkeypox whose viral isolates demonstrated tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Surviving cells of all isolates demonstrated multiple drug-resistance post exposure to UV radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Available data suggest that the prevalence of primary drug resistance in Canada is similar to that observed in other developed countries where highly active antiretroviral treatment is widely used. (canada.ca)
  • Survey data indicated that camel management practices influenced the prevalence and degree of drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • We assessed the prevalence, trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIVDR within and between MSM, people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSWs), heterosexuals (HETs) and perinatally infected children in Kenya. (lu.se)
  • Multi-drug resistance and its transmission is a ubiquitous health issue worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • This ABC full-transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. (nih.gov)
  • Yet dependency on multiple assays brings its own substantial time and economic burden that produces a bottleneck during an epidemic response to WHO high-priority pathogens 6 . (nature.com)
  • Both types of drug resistance limit strategies for antiretroviral therapy (ART), have important implications for HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and may result in increased health care costs. (canada.ca)
  • The need for lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART), coupled with the high HIV replication and mutation rates, means that resistance will emerge even among appropriately treated, compliant individuals. (who.int)
  • The standard of care in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is the use of a triple drug antiretroviral regimen. (who.int)
  • The success of complex antiretroviral regimens is dependent on consistent adherence of patients to the drugs. (who.int)
  • HIV-1 partial pol sequences from antiretroviral-naive individuals collected from multiple sources between 1986 and 2020 were used. (lu.se)
  • In search of effective therapies to overcome resistance to Temozolomide in brain tumours Cancer Drug Resistance. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • This is somewhat analogous to anti-HIV drug cocktail therapies that target the inhibition of multiple viral-replication steps. (uclahealth.org)
  • Therefore, all efforts should be made to ensure nitroaromatic drugs are used only in drug combination therapies against sleeping sickness, in order to protect them from emerging resistance. (bl.uk)
  • SOMERSET, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- $LEGN --Legend Biotech Corporation (NASDAQ: LEGN), a global, clinical-stage biotechnology company developing and manufacturing novel therapies, announced today the submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) by its collaboration partner, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. (Janssen). (pharmiweb.com)
  • There are multiple therapeutics available for prostate cancer, with the choice of treatment dependent on the individual circumstances of each patient. (corning.com)
  • This constitutes a serious concern for patients as resistance to therapeutics can lead to decreased drug response and the recurrence of disease. (atcc.org)
  • The phenomenon of acquired drug resistance has been observed with various types of cancer therapeutics including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted anticancer drugs, and cancer immunotherapy. (atcc.org)
  • 1, 2 Clinical drug resistance is becoming of increasing importance worldwide and is attributed to factors including patient non-adherence to treatment, inappropriate treatment regimens, drug malabsorption, and a poor health infrastructure needed for the effective delivery of treatment. (bmj.com)
  • WHO team lead for clinical care, Janet Diaz, says the drug should be given along with corticosteroids, a type of anti-inflammatory treatment. (voanews.com)
  • 3 Acquired resistance to an initially effective therapy is a much greater challenge in the clinical setting as optimism following initial treatment and response can quickly turn into poor results and devastating outcomes. (atcc.org)
  • In clinical trials, a significant interaction between the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan and the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A was observed, which could not be rationalized in terms of inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Highlights that viral resistance to tecovirimat has been rare, and when documented has occurred with prolonged administration and severe clinical outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, CDC has been evaluating suspect cases (identified either by F13L sequencing efforts or by suspicion based on clinical course) for phenotypic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug resistance in cancer comes in two forms: intrinsic resistance and acquired resistance. (atcc.org)
  • Intrinsic resistance is present before a therapy is administered, and it results in the inherent ability of cancer cells to survive at clinically relevant concentrations of a drug. (atcc.org)
  • In addition, CDC confirmed phenotypic resistance to tecovirimat in cell culture. (cdc.gov)
  • genotypic and phenotypic testing subsequently confirmed resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • The role of cytochrome P-450 and p-glycoprotein in the development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine / by Rehan A. Hafiz. (who.int)
  • Following widespread resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine all malaria- endemic countries except two in the Region have changed the treatment policy to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). (who.int)
  • Graeber likens the goal to creating a better roadmap by identifying the bypass routes used by cancer cells to escape the inhibition caused by the drugs. (uclahealth.org)
  • Results from both series of experiments point to inhibition of active bosentan uptake into the liver by cyclosporin A as the major underlying mechanism for this pharmacokinetic interaction that is in line with reports on other oatp-transported drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • citation needed] The prime example for MDR against antiparasitic drugs is malaria. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, efforts to improve access to treatment are hampered by development of HIV, TB and malaria drug resistance. (who.int)
  • A treatment for malaria that works in a single dose is especially appealing because it could be easier and cheaper to use than drugs that people must take repeatedly. (popsci.com)
  • Dr. Fang Xie shares insights from his research into prostate cancer and offers hope of overcoming the growing problem of chemotherapy resistance to improve patient outcomes. (corning.com)
  • The Company's second assay is designed to identify NDMM patients who are most likely to develop treatment resistance and relapse earlier than expected. (stockdaymedia.com)
  • Although this brings a hope to identify drug resistance and detect the cancer's relapse at an early stage, the corresponding treatment solutions are not always available. (atcc.org)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis with this novel MAb of pre and post treatment tumours however, did not reveal any apparent association with resistance for the antigen recognised by antibody 5C3. (dcu.ie)
  • This monograph is a collection of reviews that presents results obtained from new and somewhat unconventional methods used to fight multiple drug resistance (MDR) acquired by microorganisms and tumours. (benthambooks.com)
  • Conclusions: results indicate that some multidrug resistance potential exists even in a cloned cell line that is capable of surviving 1 short drug exposure and expanding after that insult. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Birare, Narendrakumar , Lwaleed, Bashir A. and Cooper, Alan J. (2009) Multidrug resistance in a urothelial cancer cell line after 1-hour mitomycin C exposure. (soton.ac.uk)
  • The second class includes the sequencing tests used to identify antiviral drug-associated resistance variants that, when present even at low concentrations, may continue to evolve and ultimately lead to treatment failure. (aruplab.com)
  • Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • HA060 trade name] provides a combination of drugs i.e. lamivudine and zidovudine, that are already established as a backbone of the triple drug regimens. (who.int)
  • However, despite important advances including biological agents bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide, MM remains incurable due to the development of drug resistance, which manifests as relapsed/refractory disease. (dana-farber.org)
  • The FDA recently approved the first proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade), formerly known as PS-341, for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM. However, prolonged treatment with bortezomib is associated with toxicity and the development of drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
  • More worryingly, nifurtimox resistance led to a decreased sensitivity of these parasites to other nitroaromatic compounds, including a high level of cross-resistance to fexinidazole. (bl.uk)
  • Conversely, generation of fexinidazole resistance resulted in cross-resistance to nifurtimox. (bl.uk)
  • In humans, bosentan is extensively metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isoforms 2C9 and 3A4 before excretion into bile, the latter process accounting for more than 90% of total drug elimination. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Despite the recent advances in the detection, treatment and management of breast cancer, with an increasing range of hormonal, cytotoxic and more recently MAb targeted drug regimes available in the clinic, between 40% and 50% o f patients diagnosed will eventually die from this disease. (dcu.ie)
  • MM treatment includes various combinations of drugs with a cost as high as $150,000 per year per patient. (stockdaymedia.com)
  • Secondary drug resistance refers to resistance that develops in individuals already receiving treatment. (canada.ca)
  • Although newer classes of drugs are available, the most commonly used drugs approved for the treatment of HIV infection fall into three classes: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). (canada.ca)
  • Immunocompromised status, failure to culture the bacterium in 30 days or to apply appropriate three drug treatment, and age were significant factors in mortality. (bmj.com)
  • These drugs constitute the mainstay of treatment and knowledge of resistance is likely to be of direct benefit to the individual patient and to public health TB programmes. (bmj.com)
  • Baricitinib is an oral medication recommended for patients with severe or critical COVID-19.It is part of a class of drugs that suppresses the overstimulation of the immune system and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (voanews.com)
  • Rosuvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with dyslipidemia, is primarily excreted via bile as unchanged drug. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In most cases, patients initially begin their treatment with endocrine therapy, a stage where drug resistance often occurs. (corning.com)
  • The major determinant of the outcome of treatment is patient adherence to the drug regimen. (cdc.gov)
  • A poor initial response to the given treatment indicates that a patient may have intrinsic drug resistance. (atcc.org)
  • Should these findings translate to the field, emerging nitrodrug resistance could reverse all recent advances in the treatment of sleeping sickness, made since the introduction of eflornithine 20 years ago. (bl.uk)
  • This report outlines features of the disease that are important for control and describes activities in the areas of screening, diagnosis, treatment and the search for better drugs. (who.int)
  • The drugs for treatment of HIV infection are categorized as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs) and non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). (who.int)
  • The current study assessed the bacteriologic profile, resistance pattern, and treatment outcome in Lan- cet General Hospital. (who.int)
  • Trypanocidal resistance is a major cause of treatment failure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Judicious treatment of confirmed trypanosomiasis cases with correct dosage would still be effective in controlling the disease since the observed resistance was at the population and not clonal level. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evidence on the distribution of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among risk groups is limited in Africa. (lu.se)
  • Thank you for sharing this Drug Metabolism & Disposition article. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Drug Metabolism & Disposition. (aspetjournals.org)
  • MDR1/ABCB1, MRP2/ABCC2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ABCG2 are expressed in the liver and intestine and contribute to the disposition of many drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Multiple attempts to purify soluble recombinant TbNTR from E. coli were unsuccessful, because the recombinant protein was found to be membrane associated. (bl.uk)
  • Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms or cancer cells to withstand the effects of a drug usually effective against them. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the present study, we analyzed the impact of the Trx system on intrinsic chemoresistance of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to cytostatic drugs. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Resistance of GBM cell lines and primary cells to drugs and signaling inhibitors was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. (uni-koeln.de)
  • These new approaches for sorting out the complexities of cancer cells involve building a wiring diagram of the interconnections or "crosstalk" in cancer cells that will help scientists overcome drug resistances. (uclahealth.org)
  • Once taxane is operating within the body, the drug will bind to the β-tubulin of the prostate cancer cells, eventually leading to cell mitosis arrest or apoptosis,'' explains Xie. (corning.com)
  • When treating 2D cell cultures with taxane, we found that the cells were sensitive to the drug and mostly arrested in mitosis, leading to apoptosis. (corning.com)
  • Exosomal Delivery of FTO Confers Gefitinib Resistance to Recipient Cells through ABCC10 Regulation in an m6A-dependent Manner. (nih.gov)
  • Receptors on Cells After being swallowed, injected, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, mucosa under the tongue, or mucosa inside the cheek, most drugs enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most antimalarial drugs target this blood stage of the parasites' lifecycle, which is also when symptoms appear. (popsci.com)
  • A simple and reliable in vitro method to identify inhibitors of Pgp helps to prevent the potential of drug interactions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Please include the patient's most recent CMV DNA viral load and antiviral drug history with test orders. (aruplab.com)
  • Isolates from this patient, sequenced by the state laboratory, demonstrated genotypic changes in F13L associated with tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)