Dose response relationship radiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Dr. William Morrison is a Professor of Radiation Oncology at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, with 31 years of clinical experience treating patients with head and neck cancer. (mdanderson.org)
The study, published in The Lancet Oncology , shows a significant dose-response relationship between CT-related radiation dose and risk of brain cancer, and stresses the importance of justifying CT examinations in young people and lowering the radiation dose as much as is reasonably achievable. (who.int)

there is a linear dose-response relationship between exposure to ionising radiation and the development of solid cancers in humans. (infiniteunknown.net)
In 2009, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) stated that radon gas delivers twice the radiation dose to humans as originally thought and is in the process of reassessing permissible levels. (onlineopinion.com.au)
The Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation, convened by the US National Academy of Sciences, noted in a comprehensive 2006 review of the evidence that "… there is a linear dose-response relationship between exposure to ionising radiation and the development of solid cancers in humans. (onlineopinion.com.au)
The aim of this study was to measure the in vivo biodistribution and dosimetry of \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 in five anesthetized Danish Landrace pigs as an appropriate substitute for humans to quantitatively assess the absorbed doses for future clinical applications. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
For humans after an injection of 5 GBq \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201, the highest predicted absorbed doses are obtained for the kidneys (13.7 Gy), the osteogenic cells (3.9 Gy), the urinary bladder wall (1.8 Gy), and the liver (1.0 Gy). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
According to the biodistribution data in pigs, presented in this work, the expected radiation exposure in humans will be within the acceptable range. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

A typical calculation using the latest figures of radiation carcinogenesis risks indicates that the average miner has a 1:670 chance of contracting cancer, most likely lung cancer, as a result of workplace radiation exposure. (onlineopinion.com.au)

We have previously reported that in vitro exposure of chick forebrain tissue to 50-MHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation, amplitude modulated (AM) at 16 Hz, would enhance the efflux of calcium ions within only two power-density ranges: one from 1.44 to 1.67 mW/cm2, and the other including 3.64 mW/cm2. (duke.edu)
Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. (lookformedical.com)
Scientific and policy developments regarding the health effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure from cell phones, cell towers, Wi-Fi, Smart Meters, and other wireless technology including 5G, the fifth generation of cellular technology. (saferemr.com)

Ionizing radiation is a known and well-quantified human cancer risk factor, based on a remarkably consistent body of information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations. (nih.gov)
Exposure of the head and neck to ionizing radiation increases the incidence of thyroid nodules. (medscape.com)
Soon after the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, ionizing radiation was utilized for cancer treatment. (springer.com)
They don't even advocate some kind of ALARA policy (reducing exposures "as low as reasonably achievable"), an option which has been used to control ionizing radiation risks for generations. (microwavenews.com)
There were lectures on ionizing radiation, viruses, air pollution, light-at-night and EMFs. (microwavenews.com)
Doses of ionizing radiation below 200 mGy, however, have been shown to have beneficial effects in some experimental models of radiation-induced damage, but low-dose effects in the heart is still debated. (mcmaster.ca)
At the Stem Cell Differentiation and Cytogenetics Group, we are interested in the effects of ionizing radiation on organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lung trying to elucidate the risks for patients treated with ionizing radiation as well as for astronauts, who are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation on their missions into space. (gsi.de)
In such organoids, we can also mimic brain tumor initiation and growth and examine the interaction between normal tissue and tumor tissue upon treatment with ionizing radiation alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapies. (gsi.de)
This study provides new information on the role of ionizing radiation in the development of [basal cell carcinomas] by defining the dose-dependent relationship between the amount of radiation to the skin and subsequent risk of developing a [basal cell carcinoma]," CCSS researchers stated. (ascopost.com)
Since the early years of radiobiology the cellular effects of ionizing radiation have been studied in the context of induced chromosomal aberrations, and early models of radiation action were largely based upon such studies (Savage 1996). (nationalacademies.org)
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for ionizing radiation . (cdc.gov)
This public health statement tells you about ionizing radiation and the effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
It does not tell you about non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves, ultrasound, or ultraviolet radiation. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to ionizing radiation can come from many sources. (cdc.gov)
You can learn when and where you may be exposed to sources of ionizing radiation in the exposure section below. (cdc.gov)
However, it's unknown how many of the 1,467 current or former NPL sites have been evaluated for the presence of ionizing radiation sources. (cdc.gov)
As more sites are evaluated, the sites with ionizing radiation may increase. (cdc.gov)
This information is important because exposure to ionizing radiation may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Even in the event that you are exposed, it does not necessarily mean you will be harmed or suffer longterm health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
If you are exposed to ionizing radiation, many factors determine whether you'll be harmed. (cdc.gov)
What is ionizing radiation? (cdc.gov)
To explain what ionizing radiation is, we will start with a discussion of atoms, how they come to be radioactive, and how they give off ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
Of the different types and sources of ionizing radiation, this profile will discuss the three main types: alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. (cdc.gov)
Before defining ionizing radiation, it is useful to first describe an atom. (cdc.gov)
Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
The effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation upon living organisms, organs and tissues, and their constituents, and upon physiologic processes. (edu.au)
In addition to being an important treatment modality, ionizing radiation (IR) is a potent tumour-causing agent that has been linked to breast cancer development. (uleth.ca)
Report No. 136 (2001) presents an evaluation of the existing data on the dose-response relationships and current understanding of the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation. (aapm.org)
This study provides a detailed characterization of the dose-dependent impact of ionizing radiation on skin cells (45, 60, or 80 grays). (mdpi.com)
en] There is a continuing need to understand dose-response relationships for ionizing radiation in order to protect the health of the public and nuclear workers from undue exposures. (iaea.org)

The goal is to keep radiation doses and risks as low as reasonably possible, taking into account factors such as technology, economics, and social factors. (proprofs.com)
It suggests implementing safety measures and procedures to reduce radiation risks in various settings, such as medical facilities, nuclear power plants, and industrial sites. (proprofs.com)
By following ALARA principles, individuals can ensure that radiation exposure is kept at the lowest level that is reasonably achievable, thus minimizing potential health risks. (proprofs.com)
This could include medical procedures such as X-rays or radiation therapy, where the benefits of the procedure outweigh the potential risks of radiation exposure. (proprofs.com)
Previous attempts to characterise cardiovascular risks in cohorts suggests ionising radiation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
The International Commission on Radiological Protection maintains a model of health risks as a function of absorbed dose and other factors. (wikipedia.org)

Typical examples of risk estimation include use of Japanese atomic bomb survivor data to estimate future risk from radiation-related cancer among American patients receiving multiple computed tomography scans, persons affected by radioactive fallout, or persons whose livelihoods involve some radiation exposure, such as x-ray technicians, interventional radiologists, or shipyard workers. (nih.gov)
A NIOSH study of cancer mortality in relation to chronic radiation exposure in a shipyard is summarized to show the concept of cumulative or serially additive doses in the epidemiologic assessment of chronic workplace exposure. (cdc.gov)
The risk of thyroid cancer rises with increasing radiation dose, according to the most thorough risk analysis for thyroid cancer to date among people who grew up in the shadow of the 1986 Chernobyl power-plant disaster. (scienceblog.com)
The incidence of thyroid cancer was 45 times greater among those who received the highest radiation dose as compared to those in the lowest-dose group. (scienceblog.com)
This is the first study of its kind to establish a dose-response relationship between radiation dose from Chernobyl and thyroid cancer. (scienceblog.com)
The incidence of thyroid cancer was 45 times greater among those who received the highest radiation dose as compared to those in the lowest-dose group, according to a team of American and Russian researchers led by Scott Davis, Ph.D., and colleagues at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. (scienceblog.com)
This is the first study of its kind to establish a dose-response relationship between radiation dose from Chernobyl and thyroid cancer," said Davis, referring to the observation that as radiation doses increase, so does the risk of thyroid cancer. (scienceblog.com)
We found a significant increased risk of thyroid cancer among people exposed as children to radiation from Chernobyl, and that the risk increased as a function of radiation dose. (scienceblog.com)
But ours is the first report that provides quantitative estimates of thyroid-cancer risk in relation to individual estimates of radiation dose," said Davis, also chairman of the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine in Seattle. (scienceblog.com)
Dose response relationships for epidemiological studies of cancer are likely to be linear because of the cumulative cell damage/repair/mistake mechanism. (whale.to)
This allows us to better understand the relationship between work and cancer. (cdc.gov)
In one of the largest cohorts of former flight attendants, an association was observed between higher cosmic radiation exposure, greater number of times zones crossed, and incidence of breast cancer in a sub-group of women (Pinkerton et al. (cdc.gov)
Scholars@Duke publication: Low-dose fractionated radiation potentiates the effects of cisplatin independent of the hyper-radiation sensitivity in human lung cancer cells. (duke.edu)
In this study, the role of hyper-radiation sensitivity (HRS) in potentiating the effects of cisplatin by low-dose fractionated radiation (LDFRT) was evaluated in four human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. (duke.edu)
These findings indicate that chemopotentiation by LDFRT is correlated more with the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of the non-small lung cancer cells than the HRS phenomenon whereas the mode of cell killing is both through apoptosis and clonogenic inhibition. (duke.edu)
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
We conclude that CR and KDs may act synergistically with radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer patients and provide some guidelines for implementing these dietary interventions into clinical practice. (springer.com)
Despite these advancements, several cancer types continue to elude modern treatment techniques with radiation therapy (RT). (springer.com)
In the US, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and the American Cancer Society have all refused to alert the public about EMFs. (microwavenews.com)
Cancer patients previously treated with high doses of radiation are at a greater risk to develop cardiovascular complications later in life. (mcmaster.ca)
There seems to be a never-ending cabal of paid industry scientific "consultants" who are more than willing to state the fringe view that low doses of ionising radiation do not cause cancer and, indeed, that low doses are actually good for you and lessen the incidence of cancer. (infiniteunknown.net)
The most comprehensive study of nuclear workers by the IARC, involving 600,000 workers exposed to an average cumulative dose of 19mSv, showed a cancer risk consistent with that of the A-bomb survivors. (infiniteunknown.net)
Most other cancers caused by radiation are not that easy to detect above the high background natural rates of cancer. (infiniteunknown.net)
It is the proverbial needle in a haystack scenario - but in this case the needles (radiation-induced cancer) look the same as the hay (other cancers). (infiniteunknown.net)
An understanding of the radiation dose-dependent nature of [basal cell carcinoma] risk may facilitate the development of improved surveillance and treatment guidelines for physicians who care for cancer survivors," they added. (ascopost.com)
1. Watt TC, Inskip TC, Stratton K, et al: Radiation-related risk of basal cell carcinoma: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. (ascopost.com)
At this stage, previous dose estimates to miners need to be approximately doubled to accurately reflect the lung cancer hazard. (onlineopinion.com.au)
A 15-country study of nuclear industry workers (excluding mining) published in 2005, the largest study of nuclear industry workers ever conducted, found a statistically-significant increased risk of cancer and leukaemia in nuclear industry workers, even at low radiation doses. (onlineopinion.com.au)
After pointing out research priorities in the report, CSIRO" s Department of Radiophysics applied several times to the National Health & Medical Research Council (NH&MRC) for funding to research the potential effects of mobile phone radiation on DNA and cancer. (emfacts.com)
Many of the conclusions reached from this review, when aggregated with those of Chapters 1 and 3 , contribute to the judgments made in this report about human cancer risk at low doses and low dose rates. (nationalacademies.org)
Most breast cancer patients undergo radiation diagnostics and are also treated with radiotherapy. (uleth.ca)
Solar UV radiation (UVR) exposure is clearly associated with increased mortality from nonmelanoma skin cancer--usually squamous cell carcinoma. (unm.edu)
CONCLUSIONS: Non-linear dose-response models using restricted cubic splines revealed sublinear responses at lower internal doses, suggesting that linear models that are common in radioepidemiological cancer studies may poorly describe the association between uranium internal dose and CSD mortality. (cdc.gov)
Broadband UVB has been used for many years these facilities, or use more than 15 to 20 years and, more recently, narrow-band UVB, but there prior to diagnosis of melanoma, was weak, and are few data on which to base estimates of risk evidence regarding a dose-response relation- for skin cancer. (who.int)

Therapeutic doses of radiation therapy are often given and tolerated well even at higher doses to treat discrete, well-defined anatomical structures. (wikipedia.org)
The prevalence of thyroid nodules within a given population depends on a variety of factors that include age, sex, diet, iodine deficiency, and therapeutic and environmental radiation exposure. (medscape.com)

With recent technological advances, modalities such as Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) can conform doses to tumours more precisely than possible a few decades ago sparing the normal tissue to a larger extent. (frontiersin.org)
Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases: is there a dose response relationship? (google.fr)
Radiation therapy has become one of the main forms of treatment for various types of cancers. (mcmaster.ca)
The heart can receive varying doses of radiation depending on the type of therapy and can even reach doses in the range of 17 Gy. (mcmaster.ca)
Multivariate analysis found that radiation therapy was the only treatment-related exposure, but markers of sensitivity to UV radiation, such as light skin and hair color, were also associated with a higher risk of basal cell carcinoma. (ascopost.com)
He has personally treated 3200 head and neck patients, and gained leading technical expertise and judgement in the formulation and delivery of radiation therapy. (mdanderson.org)
Over the decades Dr. Morrison has been involved in trials of fractionation, radiation protectors, induction and concurrent chemotherapy, and proton beam therapy. (mdanderson.org)
Outcomes after radiation therapy for T2N0/stage II glottic squamous cell carcinoma. (mdanderson.org)
Impact of Esophageal Motion on Dosimetry and Toxicity With Thoracic Radiation Therapy. (unc.edu)

For the purposes of this report, it does not include background radiation of about 1.2 mSv delivered to the lungs from radon and radon progeny or other high-LET radiation. (nationalacademies.org)
Therefore radionuclides emitting high LET radiation may elicit toxic or protective effects on neighbouring untargeted cells at low and high dose respectively. (strath.ac.uk)

Dose-response relationships for different radiation types (neutrons, radon, alpha particles, HZE-particles, X-rays) over a wide range of LETs/energies (in vitro studies). (gsi.de)

The epidemiologic dose/response approach to evaluate workplace exposures in the absence of direct environment measurements is examined in an evaluation of health consequences of ozone (10028156) exposure in flight attendants. (cdc.gov)
The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits) and to environmental agents of other kinds, such as infectious agents and various forms of radiation. (who.int)

Ionising radiation is a human carcinogen, but the evidence is less clear that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. (bmj.com)
There is a growing recognition that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and reduce longevity. (bmj.com)
The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to quantify the effects of radiation dose to the heart, chemotherapy, and other cardiovascular risk factors. (ox.ac.uk)
Multiple studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in radiation-induced cardiovascular damage. (mcmaster.ca)
Particularly, human embryonic stem cells (hES cells), which can give rise to all tissues of an organism (Figure A), are used to generate mature cells of the heart (Figure B) allowing us to study radiation/microgravity-induced cardiovascular alterations, which may occur during long-term space missions. (gsi.de)

Definitive SRS has historically been performed in a single fraction, with dose limited by tumor size in order to minimize toxicity ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Because tumor control is related to dose, multi-fraction approaches have been proposed for larger lesions to reduce recurrence without increasing toxicity. (iiarjournals.org)
In contrast, cells receiving media from cultures treated with [123I]MIBG or [123I]IUdR exhibited dose-dependent toxicity at low dose but elimination of cytotoxicity with increasing radiation dose (i.e. (strath.ac.uk)
None of the absorbed doses calculated will exceed organ toxicity levels. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

In 2001, Bégin and Christman 10 highlighted the need for an objective and independent measurement of disease activity, such as HRCT, but emphasised that computed tomography (CT) scanning was not yet a "gold standard", despite its higher sensitivity compared with CXR, due to the absence of clearly established exposure-response relationships. (ersjournals.com)
Computed tomography modalities which use a cone or pyramid-shaped beam of radiation. (lookformedical.com)

The outdoor service life of common plastic materials is limited by their susceptibility to solar ultraviolet radiation. (rti.org)

A NIOSH study of acute exposure to methyl-alcohol (67561) vapors from duplicating machines is examined to demonstrate the dose/response relationship between reported illness and suspect causal agent. (cdc.gov)
A dose of 100 to 200 rad delivered to the entire body in less than a day may cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS), but is usually not fatal. (wikipedia.org)
All research areas are substantiated by analyses (Figure D) monitoring the acute radiation-induced cytogenetic damage and the long-term genetic stability of cells. (gsi.de)

The roentgen, used to quantify the radiation exposure, may be related to the corresponding absorbed dose by use of the F-factor. (wikipedia.org)

A biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that is less than would be expected if the known effects of the individual substances were added together [compare with additive effect and synergistic effect ]. (cdc.gov)
This is important to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals, as exceeding the maximum allowed dose could have harmful effects. (proprofs.com)
All investigators were members of the International Consortium for Research on the Health Effects of Radiation funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. (scienceblog.com)
This has generated very significant interest in assessing the biological effects of proton pulses delivered at very high dose rates. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize recent studies from animal models and human data focusing on the effects and mechanism(s) of action of radiation-induced damage to the heart, as well as the effects of high and low doses of radiation and dose rates. (mcmaster.ca)
hES cells also serve as a basis for cerebral organoid models (Figure C) to better understand e.g. the mechanisms of cognitive impairment and radiation necrosis as severe side effects of radiation therapies. (gsi.de)
In 2006, the US National Academy of Sciences released its Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation (VII) report, which focused on the health effects of radiation doses at below 100 millisieverts. (infiniteunknown.net)
The pro-nuclearists have gone into full-spin-ahead mode, misrepresenting the latest UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) report on Chernobyl. (infiniteunknown.net)
In fact there is evidence of harmful effects from low-level radiation exposure. (onlineopinion.com.au)
For example, the 1999 Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation VI report reviewed 11 studies covering 60,000 underground uranium miners. (onlineopinion.com.au)
The reported effects are unexpected from the existing knowledge on physical interactions since they do not appear to be described by classical intensity or dose-response relationships. (emfacts.com)
It seems to be unlikely that a single bio-physicial interaction mechanism will be adequate to explain all of the reported non-thermal effects of RF and microwave radiation. (emfacts.com)
In more recent years, findings of persistent postirradiation genomic instability, bystander effects, and other types of cellular response have posed additional questions regarding the mechanisms underlying the cytogenetic and mutagenic effects of radiation and their potential to contribute to radiation tumorigenesis. (nationalacademies.org)
This chapter considers the general aspects of dose-response relationships for radiobiological effects and subsequently reviews the largely cellular data on a range of radiobiological end points. (nationalacademies.org)
The main focus of the review is the issue of cellular effects at low doses of low-LET (linear energy transfer) radiation. (nationalacademies.org)
Effects that may occur as the radiation is delivered chronically over several months to a lifetime are thought to be most relevant. (nationalacademies.org)
The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. (cdc.gov)
We also studied low dose IR effects on global gene expression and microRNAome. (uleth.ca)
The evaluation was prompted by the need to reassess the common use, for radiation protection purposes, of the linear-nonthreshold dose-response hypothesis in the light of new experimental and epidemiological findings, including growing evidence of adaptive responses to small doses of radiation which may enhance the capacity of cells to withstand the effects of further radiation exposure, and new evidence concerning the possible nature of neoplastic initiation. (aapm.org)
The evaluation focuses on the mutagenic, clastogenic (chromosome-damaging), and carcinogenic effects of radiation, since these effects are generally postulated to be stochastic and to increase in frequency as linear-nonthreshold functions of radiation dose. (aapm.org)
The advantage of AFM in comparison with traditional techniques is the possibility of analysing the radiation effects on one molecule. (ox.ac.uk)
Limitations included the inability to evaluate exposure-response relationships for some ESRD types due to small observed numbers, the limitations of the surrogates of exposure, and the lack of information on more sensitive outcome measures for potential kidney effects. (cdc.gov)
All studies that examined age at first expo- genic effects of UV radiation. (who.int)
However, relatively few human populations have been exposed to doses of radiation high enough to cause observable, long-term health effects from which to derive dose-response relationships. (iaea.org)

METHODS: Rate ratios (RRs) for categories of lung dose and linear excess relative rates (ERRs) per unit lung dose were estimated to evaluate the associations between lung absorbed dose and death from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease. (cdc.gov)

The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. (lookformedical.com)

Chernobyl doses. (radioecology-exchange.org)
Chernobyl Doses, Volume 3-Habitat and Vegetation Near the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Station. (radioecology-exchange.org)

Conclusions: These data support the effectiveness of the MVA vaccine-including a single dose of the vaccine-in preventing mpox disease and highlight the appropriateness of risk factor-based prioritization of immunization early in the epidemic. (bvsalud.org)

ALARA stands for "As Low As Reasonably Achievable" and is a concept that recommends minimizing radiation exposure to the lowest possible level. (proprofs.com)

However, the numerically equivalent SI unit submultiple, the centigray (symbol cGy), is widely used to report absorbed doses within radiotherapy. (wikipedia.org)

At BHP Billiton's Olympic Dam underground uranium/copper mine in South Australia, the total dose per miner is approximately 6 millisieverts (mSv) per year allowing for the new ICRP dose coefficients). (onlineopinion.com.au)
Based on these data, the absorbed organ dose coefficients for a 70-kg patient were calculated with OLINDA/EXM. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Radiation charts and simulation radiographs were used to estimate in-field heart volume and mean heart dose (MHD). (ox.ac.uk)
Most studies on asbestos-related diseases are based on chest radiographs, and dose-response relationships are still controversial. (ersjournals.com)
4. Pregnant dental clinicians can safely continue taking radiographs due to the low doses used. (todaysrdh.com)
It is very rare for pregnant clinicians to receive a fetal dose of more than 1 mSv from capturing dental radiographs. (todaysrdh.com)

The estimated excess relative risk per unit organ dose equivalent in the lung due to the plutonium α particles at age 60 equals, according to the present study, 0.6/Sv, with a radiation weighting factor of 20 for α particles. (bioone.org)
OBJECTIVE: Linear and non-linear dose-response relationships between radiation absorbed dose to the lung from internally deposited uranium and external sources and circulatory system disease (CSD) mortality were examined in a cohort of 23731 male and 5552 female US uranium enrichment workers. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS: There was a suggestion of modestly increased IHD risk in workers with internal uranium lung dose above 1 milligray (mGy) (RR=1.4, 95%CI 0.76 to 2.3) and a statistically significantly increased IHD risk with external dose exceeding 150 mGy (RR=1.3, 95%CI 1.1 to 1.6) compared with the lowest exposed groups. (cdc.gov)

The material absorbing the radiation can be human tissue, air, water, or any other substance. (wikipedia.org)
The Röntgen equivalent physical (rep), introduced by Herbert Parker in 1945, was the absorbed energetic dose to tissue before factoring in relative biological effectiveness. (wikipedia.org)
Forebrain tissue from 1-7-day-old chickens was labeled in vitro with radioactive calcium ions (30 min, at 37 degrees C), rinsed, placed in a physiological salt solution, and then exposed for 20 min to 50-MHz radiation, AM at 16 Hz, in a transverse electric and magnetic field (TEM) cell maintained at 37 degrees C. The solution was then assayed for radioactive calcium activity. (duke.edu)
The dose deposition profile of protons in the form of a "Bragg peak" imparts a unique normal tissue sparing ability [ 6 ] while depositing maximal dose within tumours [ 4 , 7 ]. (frontiersin.org)
We found that exposure to low, mammography-like dose of IR led to a significant loss of global DNA methylation in rat mammary gland tissue. (uleth.ca)

Our estimates of radiation-related risk are uncertain, reflecting statistical variation and our imperfect understanding of crucial assumptions that must be made if we are to apply existing epidemiological data to particular situations. (nih.gov)
Radiation protection is ultimately a political process that involves consent by stakeholders, a diverse group that includes people who might be expected to be risk-averse and concerned with plausible upper limits on risk (how bad could it be? (nih.gov)
cost-averse and concerned with lower limits on risk (can you prove there is a nontrivial risk at current dose levels? (nih.gov)
How radiation-related risk is viewed by individuals and population subgroups also depends very much on perception of related benefit, which might be (for example) medical, economic, altruistic, or nonexistent. (nih.gov)
Radiation Dose-Response Relationship for Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma. (ox.ac.uk)
CONCLUSION: The linear radiation dose-response relationship identified can be used to predict CHD risk for future HL patients and survivors. (ox.ac.uk)
That model calculates an effective radiation dose, measured in units of rem, which is more representative of the stochastic risk than the absorbed dose in rad. (wikipedia.org)
However until now nobody had taken the next step to find out just how much a risk there is and whether it rises along with radiation dose. (scienceblog.com)
The durability of MVA vaccine-induced immunity is unknown, and at-risk persons should receive 2 doses of MVA. (bvsalud.org)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and types of ESRD among a cohort of US firefighters compared to the US general population, and to examine exposure-response relationships. (cdc.gov)

Without a specific benefit, exposing the body to radiation would be unnecessary and potentially harmful. (proprofs.com)
Modifications are usually unnecessary in dental settings to prevent fetal doses exceeding 1 mSv. (todaysrdh.com)

This includes an estimated 0.48 mGy from external terrestrial radiation to the body, 0.28 mGy from cosmic radiation (excluding the neutron component), and 0.17 mGy from radioisotopes in the body. (nationalacademies.org)

The maximal permissible levels that are recommended in the United States by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) for people exposed to radiation other than background radiation and from medical applications are 1 mSv per year for the general population and 50 mSv per year for radiation workers employed by nuclear-related industries (Federal Register 1987). (nationalacademies.org)

To reliably assess the damage to materials as a consequence of ozone layer depletion, the wavelength sensitivity of the degradation process, dose-response relationships for the material and the effectiveness of available stabilizers need to be quantified. (rti.org)

This reevaluation was carried out by Scientific Committee 1-6, which was charged to reassess the weight of scientific evidence for and against the linearnonthreshold dose-response model, without reference to associated policy implications. (aapm.org)

When epidemiological evidence is available it should be used to set public health standards, where possible, using the dose-response relationships. (whale.to)

On several occasions in recent years uranium mining companies have brought guest speakers to Australia to argue that low-level radiation exposure is not only harmless but actually good for you. (onlineopinion.com.au)
AUA members include companies such as Toro Energy, Uranium One and Heathgate Resources that have been promoting the view that low-level radiation is beneficial, and funding the Australian visits of people prepared to promote those views. (onlineopinion.com.au)
ERRs per milligray were positive for IHD and uranium internal dose and for both outcomes per gray external dose, although the CIs generally included the null. (cdc.gov)

In vivo distributions and absorbed doses of pigs are comparable to those observed in other publications. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Any effect of radiation exposure must be quantified in relation to the effect observed in a control population. (nationalacademies.org)

A study aiming to evaluate radiation safety and dose values when using a handheld X-ray device in a dental setting found that operators are not exposed to leakage or scattering radiation when they are located behind the focal spot plane and use the device according to the manufacturer's instructions. (todaysrdh.com)

Excluding H-157 cells, the CER by LDFRT was inversely proportional to radioresistance [(determined by D(0), the dose to reduce survival by 67% from any point on the linear portion of the survival curve or surviving fraction (SF) at 2 Gy (SF(2))] of the cells. (duke.edu)
Responses to discussants of 'Joint modeling of survival and longitudinal non-survival data: current methods and issues. (unc.edu)

Fourteen and 10 studies reporting external radiation doses were included in meta-analyses using SMR and ERR/Sv, respectively. (bmj.com)
NIOSH studies of chronic occupational lead (7439921) exposure are discussed to show the relationship of blood lead concentrations to the occurrence of symptoms and to the prevalence of alterations in hematologic function. (cdc.gov)
Multiple studies confirm and strengthen the cause and effect relationship. (whale.to)
Low-dose radiation may promote heart health and reduce damage from oxidative stress and inflammation, however there are few studies focusing on the impact of low-dose radiation on the heart. (mcmaster.ca)
The commonest asbestos-related diseases are benign diseases and many studies have examined the relationships between asbestos exposure and these diseases 1 . (ersjournals.com)
However, the majority of published studies are based on CXR data, resulting in difficulties for estimation of dose-response relationships for asbestos-related diseases due to imprecise assessment of asbestos exposure but also imprecise radiographic diagnosis of asbestosis and pleural plaques 3 . (ersjournals.com)
To our knowledge, only four studies have used HRCT for the assessment of dose-response relationships for pleural plaques and asbestosis 6 - 9 . (ersjournals.com)
Due to various study-dependent conditions, these studies did not provide evidence of clear relationships between asbestosis and pleural plaques and asbestos exposure. (ersjournals.com)

The prevalence rate of thyroid nodules in radiation-exposed patients increases significantly, ie, 16-31% relative to the general population. (medscape.com)
A direct dose-response relationship between thyroid nodularity and radiation to the head and neck region also exists. (medscape.com)

In the 1930s the roentgen was the most commonly used unit of radiation exposure. (wikipedia.org)
The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or roentgen rays. (bvsalud.org)

Strength of evidence for public health has a classical hierarchy that has dose-response relationship at the top and biological mechanism at the bottom, Hill (1965). (whale.to)
To investigate whether exposure to atomic bomb radiation altered the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or accelerated the progress toward chronic hepatitis after HCV infection, the seropositivity of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined for 6,121 participants in the Adult Health Study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (bioone.org)
Recent research has heightened rather than lessened concern about the adverse health impacts of low-level radiation. (onlineopinion.com.au)

Finally, we will describe the more important types of radiation to which you may be exposed. (cdc.gov)
The amount of each class of topology enables a quantitative response to be determined for both types of radiation (alpha, X). A value of the radiosensitivity of DNA was obtained as a function of the scavenger concentration. (ox.ac.uk)

Results: The incidence of mpox per 100 person-years was 8.83 among patients with 0 doses, 3.32 among patients with 1 dose, and 0.78 among patients with 2 doses of MVA vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

What the report therefore said was that statistical limitations and large uncertainties precluded being able to single out any radiation-induced cancers. (infiniteunknown.net)
Investigation of the association between responses, changes in lymphocyte populations, indoor tanning and skin cancers poses challeng- and depression of NK cell activity. (who.int)

This term is commonly used in the field of radiation protection to describe the principle of minimizing exposure to radiation and other hazards to the lowest possible level that is practical and achievable. (proprofs.com)

In most power plant scenarios, where the radiation environment is dominated by X- or gamma rays applied uniformly to the whole body, 1 rad of absorbed dose gives 1 rem of effective dose. (wikipedia.org)
In other situations, the effective dose in rem might be thirty times higher or thousands of times lower than the absorbed dose in rad. (wikipedia.org)
Low-LET background radiation worldwide is responsible for an average annual effective dose per person of about 0.9 mGy per year (UNSCEAR 2000b). (nationalacademies.org)

Furthermore, low dose IR significantly affected rat mammary gland transcriptome and microRNAome. (uleth.ca)

Organisms1

Diseases3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care7

Oncology2

Humans6

Carcinogenesis1

Electromagnetic Radiation3

Ionizing30

Risks6

Cancer34

Therapeutic2

Therapy9

High LET Radiation2

Radon1

Exposures2

Cardiovascular5

Toxicity4

Computed tomography2

Ultraviolet radiation1

Acute3

Corresponding absorbed1

Effects24

Ischaemic heart d1

Wavelengths1

Chernobyl2

Conclusions1

Minimizing radiation exposure1

Radiotherapy1

Coefficients2

Radiographs4

Lung3

Tissue5

Risk10

Unnecessary2

Cosmic radiation1

Permissible levels1

Sensitivity1

Committee1

Epidemiological1

Uranium3

Vivo1

Relation1

Aiming to evaluate1

Survival2

Studies8

Thyroid2

Roentgen2

Health3

Types of radiation2

Patients1

Cancers2

Achievable1

Effective dose3

Significantly1