• The receptiveness of the population to the competing innovations may differ greatly, so that we can speak of a characteristic 'coefficient of diffusion' for an innovation for that population. (constitution.org)
  • While the former idea won many converts, the latter had a higher coefficient of diffusion at that stage in the local population's cultural development, with most of the population not understanding the idea and identifying it with foreign intruders. (constitution.org)
  • Precisely defined external magnetic field gradients are the basis for quantifying molecular motion and calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) along different diffusion encoding directions. (fz-juelich.de)
  • Since diffusion of deleterious species such as chloride and sulfate ions always occurs through the solution phase within a concrete, appropriate viscosity modifiers are utilized to reduce the diffusion rate by increasing the hydrodynamic drag coefficient. (nist.gov)
  • In the simplest case of free Brownian motion, the trajectory is subsequently analyzed to extract a diffusion coefficient. (nist.gov)
  • This latter data analysis step, diffusion coefficient estimation, is commonly accomplished using a statistical estimate of the average distance a particle moves, the mean-square displacement (MSD), as a function of time interval. (nist.gov)
  • Second, we used this distribution to derive an alternate data analysis procedure, a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) that extracts the diffusion coefficient in a nearly-optimal way. (nist.gov)
  • this equation describes physical phenomena where concentrations as mass, energy, or other physical quantities are transferred inside a physical system due to two contributions: diffusion and convection, in this equation the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient. (hindawi.com)
  • normal states and abnormal conditions are easily interpreted through the use of DWI in conjunction with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging by correlating findings of hyperintensity on DWI images with findings of hypointensity on ADC images (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • On DWI commonly used to diagnose acute stroke (see the image below), diffusion is described by using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). (medscape.com)
  • diffusion coefficient not constant? (cfd-online.com)
  • I am using OpenFoam and the scalarTransportFoam solver (Here is the diffusion coefficient (DT) the moluḱular diffusion coefficient divided by the fluid density). (cfd-online.com)
  • If I compare my simulations results with measurements I find out that the diffusion coefficient (DT) is not constant. (cfd-online.com)
  • With a larger volumetric flow i need a larger diffusion coefficient (DT) to fit the two curve. (cfd-online.com)
  • Is the diffusion coefficient a function of the velocity? (cfd-online.com)
  • MRI diffusion studies have been shown to help differentiate Wilms tumor from neuroblastoma, with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) being substantially higher for Wilms tumor. (medscape.com)
  • A novel multiscale anisotropic diffusion method is proposed for ultrasonic speckle reduction. (actapress.com)
  • Multidimensional encoding of restricted and anisotropic diffusion by double rotation of the q vector. (lu.se)
  • DTI allows clinicians to look at anisotropic diffusion in white-matter tracts, but it is limited in its ability to demonstrate spatial and directional anisotropy. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] Imaging and interpretation of water diffusion have improved with the development of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion tensor imaging has shown strong momentum in research performed to evaluate the neural fibers of the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to measure anisotropy per voxel and provides directional information relevant for magnetic resonance tractography or fiber tracking in vivo. (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion tensor imaging allows direct examination of the brain microstructure and has become a useful tool for investigating brain disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumors, and demyelinating and dysmyelinating disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Jones, 2008 ), this 2nd order tensor can be used to extract scalar measures, such as the mean diffusivity (MD) and the diffusion fractional anisotropy (FA) ( Basser and Pierpaoli, 1996 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We discuss how such encoding enables the extension of the well-known scalar b-value to a tensor-valued entity we call the diffusion measurement tensor. (lu.se)
  • As an example analysis, we use this new information to estimate a Gaussian distribution over diffusion tensors in each voxel, described by its mean (a diffusion tensor) and its. (lu.se)
  • Diffusion tensor distribution imaging of an in vivo mouse brain at ultra-high magnetic field by spatiotemporal encoding. (lu.se)
  • Diffusion tensor distribution imaging. (lu.se)
  • Otherwise, it is called an anomalous diffusion (or non-Fickian diffusion). (wikipedia.org)
  • The generalization of the fractional diffusion-advection equation in space-time exhibits anomalous behavior. (hindawi.com)
  • Conventional methods, however, suffer from intrinsic limitations based on a simplified assumption of Gaussian diffusion. (fz-juelich.de)
  • To address these limitations, we design advanced methods which allow us to essentially increase both the angular resolution (HARDI) and the range of the diffusion-encoding gradient strengths (non-Gaussian diffusion). (fz-juelich.de)
  • Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) quantifies the degree of non-Gaussian diffusion in biological tissue from dMRI. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, we illustrate how DKI provides more general characterization of non-Gaussian diffusion compatible with complex white matter fiber architectures and gray matter, and we include a novel mean kurtosis index that is invariant to the confounding effects due to tissue dispersion. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Spatial Diffusion of Technology ," CEPR Discussion Papers 9208, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. (repec.org)
  • The Spatial Diffusion of Technology ," NBER Working Papers 18534, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
  • Early work on spatial diffusion has highlighted that adoption rate grows fast in large towns and in physical proximity to initial locations of adoption 19 , 20 . (nature.com)
  • It is argued that spatial diffusion resembles geolocated routing through social networks 20 . (nature.com)
  • An alternative construction for the space-time fractional diffusion-advection equation for the sedimentation phenomena is presented. (hindawi.com)
  • 275 (2017) illustrating the principles of multidimensional diffusion MRI. (lu.se)
  • Multidimensional correlation of nuclear relaxation rates and diffusion tensors for model-free investigations of heterogeneous anisotropic porous materials. (lu.se)
  • Particle-based reaction-diffusion algorithms facilitate the modeling of the diffusional motion of individual molecules and the reactions between them in cellular environments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are developing improved analysis algorithms for extracting diffusion coefficients from single-particle tracking data based on rigorous statistical methods. (nist.gov)
  • Accuracy and precision of statistical descriptors obtained from multidimensional diffusion signal inversion algorithms. (lu.se)
  • When talking about the extent of diffusion, two length scales are used in two different scenarios: Brownian motion of an impulsive point source (for example, one single spray of perfume)-the square root of the mean squared displacement from this point. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the classical view, cell membrane proteins undergo isotropic random motion, that is a 2D Brownian diffusion that should result in an homogeneous distribution of concentration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We consider the one-dimensional diffusion $X$ that satisfies the stochastic differential equation $$dX_t = b(X_t) \, dt + \sigma (X_t) \, dW_t $$ in the interior $int(I) = \mbox{} ]\alpha, \beta[$ of a given interval $I \subseteq [-\infty, \infty]$, where $b, \sigma: int(I)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ are Borel-measurable functions and $W$ is a standard one-dimensional Brownian motion. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Diffusion, or brownian movement, denotes the random motion of molecules. (medscape.com)
  • Improved understanding of innovation diffusion across locations and through social connections can provide us with new insights into the spread of information, technological progress and economic development. (nature.com)
  • This feature was first modelled in the 1960s with the Bass model of innovation diffusion 2 . (nature.com)
  • It considers both content (defining and measuring the diffusion of innovation in organizations) and process (reviewing the literature in a systematic and reproducible way). (nih.gov)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Diffusion of innovation. (who.int)
  • Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) provides access to fibre pathways and structural integrity in fibrous tissues such as white matter in the brain. (fz-juelich.de)
  • Here we show the unambiguous isotopic imaging of 12 C carbon atoms embedded in 13 C graphene and the monitoring of their self-diffusion via atomic-level vibrational spectroscopy. (nature.com)
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a well-established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for diagnosing cerebral ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging has been shown to be useful in the investigation of brain disorders such as epilepsy , multiple sclerosis , brain abscesses , brain tumors, mild traumatic brain injury, and hypertensive encephalopathy (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) measurements and models provide information about brain connectivity and are sensitive to the physical properties of tissue microstructure. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multidimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging for characterization of tissue microstructure in breast cancer patients: A prospective pilot study. (lu.se)
  • Effects of imaging gradients in sequences with varying longitudinal storage time - case of diffusion exchange imaging. (lu.se)
  • There are two ways to introduce the notion of diffusion: either a phenomenological approach starting with Fick's laws of diffusion and their mathematical consequences, or a physical and atomistic one, by considering the random walk of the diffusing particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we revisit Fick's original diffusion experiments and reconstruct the geometry of his inverted funnel. (scirp.org)
  • We verify the latter calculation by using Fick's own calculated concentration profiles and show that the modern diffusion theory predicts the inverted funnel measurements almost as well as those in the cylindrical tube. (scirp.org)
  • Part II is a translation of Fick's discussion of diffusion in liquids in the first edition of his three-volume monograph on Medical Physics published in 1856, one year after his seminal Pogendorff Annalen paper On Diffusion. (scirp.org)
  • Patzek, T. (2014) Fick's Diffusion Experiments Revisited -Part I. Advances in Historical Studies , 3 , 194-206. (scirp.org)
  • This article discusses (1) a parsimonious and evidence-based model for considering the diffusion of innovations in health service organizations, (2) clear knowledge gaps where further research should be focused, and (3) a robust and transferable methodology for systematically reviewing health service policy and management. (nih.gov)
  • Adobe Firefly salīdzinājumā ar Stable Diffusion: ātri ievietojiet vairāk ideju savās darbplūsmās, izmantojot Firefly. (adobe.com)
  • I wanted to share my work on porting stable diffusion to OCaml. (reddit.com)
  • For now, I'm still learning about stable diffusion and OCaml's place in building deep learning models. (reddit.com)
  • One such API that has caught my attention is the Stable Diffusion API on GitHub. (vectorlinux.com)
  • What is the Stable Diffusion API? (vectorlinux.com)
  • The Stable Diffusion API, developed by GitHub, is a powerful tool that allows developers to access and manipulate code changes within repositories. (vectorlinux.com)
  • Whether you are working on a collaborative project or simply managing your own codebase, the Stable Diffusion API can be a game-changer in terms of efficiency and productivity. (vectorlinux.com)
  • The Stable Diffusion API automates the process of retrieving and analyzing code changes, saving me precious time that I can invest in other critical tasks. (vectorlinux.com)
  • As a developer who values efficiency and code quality, integrating the Stable Diffusion API into my projects has been a game-changer. (vectorlinux.com)
  • The Stable Diffusion API on GitHub is a powerful resource that empowers developers to easily retrieve, compare, and analyze code changes within repositories. (vectorlinux.com)
  • To learn more about the Stable Diffusion API, visit the official GitHub page. (vectorlinux.com)
  • Diffusion MRI has established itself as an invaluable tool for the non-invasive probing of tissue microstructure and dynamics. (fz-juelich.de)
  • In turn, this provides us with enhanced information about diffusion mechanisms, the underlying microstructure and brain function. (fz-juelich.de)
  • Computing and visualising intra-voxel orientation-specific relaxation-diffusion features in the human brain. (lu.se)
  • The diffusion ellipsoid defines the magnitude and direction of the diffusion of water molecules in each voxel in the brain. (medscape.com)
  • The eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue, termed the principal eigenvector, defines the main direction of diffusion of water molecules in that voxel (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion is a stochastic process due to the inherent randomness of the diffusing entity and can be used to model many real-life stochastic scenarios. (wikipedia.org)
  • The new measurements contain information about higher order diffusion propagator covariances not present in sPFG. (lu.se)
  • By nature, DWI scans have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as the signal has decayed by the applied diffusion encoding gradients. (philips.com)
  • In cells, some molecules can move down their concentration gradients by crossing the lipid portion of the membrane directly, while others must pass through membrane proteins in a process called facilitated diffusion. (khanacademy.org)
  • In traditional diffusion MRI, short pulsed field gradients (PFG) are used for the diffusion encoding. (lu.se)
  • These estimates are of interest because they were shown to be more sensitive to microstructural alterations in health and diseases than measures based on the total anisotropy of diffusion which are highly confounded by tissue dispersion and fiber crossings. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using diffusion-weighted tractography, scientists can produce a detailed image of the minute neural fibers within a mouse brain. (the-scientist.com)
  • Our results demonstrate the high mobility of carbon atoms during growth and annealing via self-diffusion. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Self-diffusion of carbon atoms in graphene. (nature.com)
  • By measuring the self-diffusion of molecules in biological tissues, we obtain information about microscopic structures that are too small to resolve in conventional images. (lu.se)
  • A research team led by Denis Le Bihan (CEA) at the NeuroSpin neuroimaging center has just demonstrated that water diffusion slows down in activated regions of the brain. (cea.fr)
  • Water diffusion in brain cortex closely tracks underlying neuronal activity. (cea.fr)
  • This method, which extends the nonlinear complex diffusion to a nonsubsampled contourlet domain, is called a contourlet transform based complex diffusion (CTCD). (actapress.com)
  • Then, the nonlinear complex diffusion removes noise from the contourlet coefficients with the imaginary values serving as a robust edge-detector. (actapress.com)
  • The directionality and multiresolution features of the nonsubsampled contourlet transform and the robust anisotropic smoothing feature of the complex diffusion make the hybrid filter produce satisfactory despeckling results. (actapress.com)
  • The explanation predicts that, as cigarette diffusion proceeds and fashions change, the social determinants of smoking will shift across cohorts, such that initially positive relationships between pre-adult components of socioeconomic status and smoking in early cohorts become negative in later cohorts. (who.int)
  • In other words can you have too much diffusion and would it be detrimental to the function of the finish. (finishing.com)
  • On the other hand, the global diffusion of detrimental information (e.g., computer viruses, rumors) causes great damage to society. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, from the point of view of the security, the study of random forwarding actions can help to prevent the diffusion of detrimental information. (hindawi.com)
  • Towards non-parametric diffusion-T1 characterization of crossing fibers in the human brain. (lu.se)
  • One of the earliest and prominent studies on information diffusion is [ 16 ], which studied and analyzed the dynamics of information dissemination through blogspace from two points of view: macroscopic and microscopic. (hindawi.com)
  • Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image (top left), diffusion-weighted image (DWI) (top right), and axial and sagittal T1-weighted (T1W) images (bottom) in a 40-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse and fever demonstrate multiple enhancing focal brain lesions in the gray-white matter junction (arrow) compatible with septic emboli. (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion-weighted MRS (dMRS) gives access to diffusion properties of endogenous intracellular brain metabolites that are preferentially located inside specific brain cell populations. (lu.se)
  • Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The central idea of diffusion, however, is common to all of these: a substance or collection undergoing diffusion spreads out from a point or location at which there is a higher concentration of that substance or collection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Constant concentration source in one dimension-the diffusion length. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diffusion" is the gradual movement/dispersion of concentration within a body, due to a concentration gradient, with no net movement of matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen then moves by diffusion, down the concentration gradient, into the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the process of diffusion , a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until its concentration becomes equal throughout a space. (khanacademy.org)
  • In noting that common explanations of smoking cannot account for both its current inverse relationship with SES and the shift over time toward greater concentration among low SES groups, this paper presents an explanation based on diffusion and status distinctions. (who.int)
  • Promoters of political causes should also be cognizant of competitive diffusion processes. (constitution.org)
  • Macromolecular diffusion plays a fundamental role in biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Makoto SUGIURA "Metastable behaviors of diffusion processes with small parameter," Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, J. Math. (projecteuclid.org)
  • An example of a process where both bulk motion and diffusion occur is human breathing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, there is a "diffusion" process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, we can describe what happened in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam war as a competitive diffusion process between the innovations, or memes, of Western liberal republicanism, promoted by the United States, and traditional nationalism, promoted by the North Vietnamese. (constitution.org)
  • Our approach makes use of a diffusion approximation technique for modelling the evolution of information state components of the hyperstate process. (aaai.org)
  • Information diffusion: process by which a piece of information (knowledge) is spread and reaches individuals through interactions. (slideshare.net)
  • The spreading process is modelled within the Bass diffusion framework that enables us to compare the differential equation version with an agent-based version of the model run on the empirical network. (nature.com)
  • The differential equations of the Bass model have been extensively used to describe the diffusion process and forecast market size of new products and the time of their adoption peaks 4 . (nature.com)
  • And yet, a process of diffusion of industrial development, though not to Africa and Latin America, which has witnessed stagnation under the neoliberal dispensation, but certainly to Asia, whether south or east, or south-east Asia, is clearly visible. (epw.in)
  • We quantify diffusion cascades' structural properties (i.e., size, depth, maximum breadth, and structural virality) and analyze the individual characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and network degree) and social ties (i.e., strong and weak) involved in the cascading process. (ssrn.com)
  • Utilizing a Hansen Solubility Parameter screening , we developed a swelling and in- diffusion process for tetraphenylporphyrin-complexed 64Cu, which permits one-pot labeling of polymer particles. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we incorporate social network theories and analyses and use a computational approach to investigate how emotional expression, particularly negative discrete emotional expression (i.e., anxiety, sadness, anger, and disgust), leads to differential diffusion of online content in social media networks. (ssrn.com)
  • Different model specifications are used to robustly demonstrate the relationships between negative discrete emotions and online content diffusion. (ssrn.com)
  • Our results shed light on content generation, diffusion, and regulation, utilizing negative emotional expression. (ssrn.com)
  • The primary use for this extremely fine diffusion stone is to force carbonate beverages with carbon dioxide or to oxygenate wort using an oxygen regulator. (austinhomebrew.com)
  • The diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is used to measure the body's ability to transfer oxygen across the alveolar-capillary membrane. (medscape.com)
  • To measure diffusion capacity , you breathe a harmless gas, called a tracer gas, for a very short time, often for only one breath. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I first review major concepts and discuss the relation of international technology diffusion with other mechanisms of economic growth in open economies. (ssrn.com)
  • I discuss the concept and empirical importance of international technology diffusion from the point of view of recent work on endogenous technological change. (ssrn.com)
  • We study empirically technology diffusion across countries and over time. (repec.org)
  • Overall, we document the significant role that geography plays in determining technology diffusion across countries. (repec.org)
  • Five Facts You Need to Know About Technology Diffusion ," NBER Working Papers 11928, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
  • Our light diffusion panel and SkyPanel intensifier technology give you superior light quality, beam precision, and optimized brightness. (arri.com)
  • Diffusion in structured tissue such as white matter is anisotropic. (medscape.com)
  • The further apart the two pure layers are, the slower the diffusion will be. (finishing.com)
  • In principle, this slower diffusion is reflected in dynamic changes in the microscopic structure of the cerebral cortex, such as its cells swelling when activated. (cea.fr)
  • On the world stage we can see the opposition to modernization and globalization that the innovations associated with those mega-diffusions provoke, or on the national stage the similar resistance to demands for constitutional compliance from 'reliance interests' threatened by such compliance. (constitution.org)
  • Innovations in health and medicine : diffusion and resistance in the twentieth century / edited by Jennifer Stanton. (who.int)
  • These webinars provide information about the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) work on the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Evolution and Diffusion Studies (SEEDS) program. (nrel.gov)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
  • Subsequently, there are numerous related works addressing information diffusion over social networks. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 4 ] as well as revealing opposing patterns of diffusion changes in frontal and cerebellar regions of COVID-19 patients, suggesting the 2 regions react differently to viral infection. (medscape.com)
  • Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • The size of the viscosity modifier is critical, with only nano-sized viscosity enhancers providing the desired diffusion reduction. (nist.gov)