AtomsNeutronIsotopeProtonEquilibriumIonsAmideProteinSpectroscopyNucleiMassOxideQuantifyDrawbacksReactionPhysiologicalBackboneFluxesReproducibilityMoleculeMembrane ProteinsTemperatureIsotopicWaterReactionsLampMoleculesMagneticCatalystAtomProtonsChemicalSignalsDynamicsElectronHeavy hydrogenFlowProteinsAbsorptionExperimentReliabilityDensityCompoundsRapidNeutralTargetResearchersResultsTechniqueSolutionHighMeasure
Atoms10
- The use of acid, base or metal catalysts, coupled with conditions of increased temperature and pressure, can facilitate the exchange of non-exchangeable hydrogen atoms, so long as the substrate is robust to the conditions and reagents employed. (wikipedia.org)
- This often results in perdeuteration: hydrogen-deuterium exchange of all non-exchangeable hydrogen atoms in a molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- For the backbone amide hydrogen atoms of proteins, the minimum exchange rate occurs at approximately pH 2.6, on average. (wikipedia.org)
- By using the deuterium isotope of hydrogen it is possible to monitor the exchange between the initial H atoms on the PAH molecule and incoming D atoms from the atom beam. (europa.eu)
- TALIF is used to measure the absolute density and temperature of monatomic deuterium atoms. (aps.org)
- Urey published numerous papers on the structure of atoms and molecules, the discovery of heavy hydrogen and its properties, isotope separation, paleotemperature measurement, and the genesis of planets. (thescandoreview.com)
- Our approach is based on the characterization of compounds by the number of labile hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule, which can be measured using hydrogen/deuterium and 16O/18O-exchange approaches. (bgu.ac.il)
- Because of the facile enolization by zinc(II), the methylene hydrogen atoms (adjacent to the carbonyl) of ZnL were readily exchanged by deuterium under physiological conditions. (figshare.com)
- By selectively replacing hydrogen atoms with deuterium atoms, researchers can follow reaction steps, unraveling important details of a chemical transformation. (thalesnano.com)
- The dilution space is derived from the post-dose enrichment, and converted to total body water (TBW) after adjustment for the non-aqueous exchange of hydrogen atoms in the body (TBW=Dilution Space/1.04). (who.int)
Neutron4
- In modern times, H-D exchange has primarily been monitored by the methods: NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and neutron crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
- Predictions of the impact of charge-exchange (CX) reactions on beam ions in the MAST Upgrade spherical tokamak have been compared to measurements carried out with a fission chamber (neutron fluxes) and a Fast Ion Deuterium-Alpha (FIDA) diagnostic. (ukaea.uk)
- It was observed that when CX losses of beam ions are accounted for, predictions of neutron emission rates are more consistent with the measurements. (ukaea.uk)
- They used this technique to measure an important reaction where a neutron from a deuterium target is exchanged with a proton from a radioactive projectile, in this case oxygen-14. (techandsciencepost.com)
Isotope3
- The feasibility of making meaningful measurements of the deuterium content of water extracted from hydrous silica has been evaluated by a series of dehydration and isotope exchange experiments. (caltech.edu)
- At the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (now the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams or FRIB), researchers used the Active Target Time Projection Chamber coupled to the S800 magnetic spectrometer to measure a charge-exchange reaction between a radioactive oxygen-14 beam and a deuterium target. (techandsciencepost.com)
- The seals were offered daily amounts of capelin and kept under a seasonal photoperiod of 69°N. Large seasonal variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the pool water were measured, and the isotope abundance in the body water showed similar seasonal changes to the pool water. (biologists.com)
Proton7
- Characterization of H/D exchange in type 1 pili by proton-detected solid-state NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. (mpg.de)
- Gas-phase ion molecule reaction kinetics such as hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) and proton affinity (PA) measurements? (baylor.edu)
- Measurements of the energy and angle of the protons arising in the interactions were sufficient to establish that photodisintegration without pion emission occurred and also to determine the energy of the photon which gave rise to the detected proton. (caltech.edu)
- 10. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Kinetics of proton exchange in aqueous solutions of acetate buffer. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 13. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Proton relaxation in dilute solution of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions in methanol and the rate of methanol exchange of the solvation sphere. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 16. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Rate and mechanism of proton exchange in aqueous solutions of phosphate buffer. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 17. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Rate and mechanism of proton exchange in aqueous solutions of phenol-sodium phenolate buffer. (weizmann.ac.il)
Equilibrium5
- Since this exchange is an equilibrium reaction, the molar amount of deuterium should be high compared to the exchangeable protons of the substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- Non-equilibrium hydrogen exchange for determination of H-bond strength and water accessibility in solid proteins. (mpg.de)
- The fraction of the water or hydroxyl groups that is most resistant to exchange and most difficult to drive off is that water or hydroxyl group most likely to contain the hydrogen which was in equilibrium with the waters from which the silica formed. (caltech.edu)
- He researched their properties extensively, particularly the vapour pressure of hydrogen and deuterium and the equilibrium constants of exchange reactions. (thescandoreview.com)
- A saliva sample will be obtained prior to the dose and at 3 hours post-dose when the deuterium has reached equilibrium with the total body water, using a cotton swab. (who.int)
Ions1
- In fact, mass spectroscopy of hydrogen and deuterium ions and diffraction-based measurements of the wavelength (and thence energy) of the $\rm npd\gamma$ photon are how we obtain the best estimate of the neutron's mass. (stackexchange.com)
Amide3
- By performing the exchange at neutral pH and then rapidly changing the pH, the exchange rates of the backbone amide hydrogens can be dramatically slowed, or quenched. (wikipedia.org)
- Application of amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for epitope mapping in human cystatin C . Amino acids 48, no. 12 (2016): 2809-2820. (massspec.com)
- All proteins have amide groups along their polypeptide backbone which routinely undergo a phenomenon of solvent exchange - where the hydrogen of the amide swaps with the hydrogen of the surrounding solvent, typically water. (ukri.org)
Protein14
- For instance, deuterium is added to a protein in H2O by diluting the H2O solution with D2O (e.g. tenfold). (wikipedia.org)
- Measurement of backbone hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the type III secretion system needle protein PrgI by solid-state NMR. (mpg.de)
- Mass spectrometric approaches to protein structure characterization are offered, including hydrogen-deuterium exchange, X-linking, native mass spectrometry, and ion mobility. (edu.pl)
- 74] V. Chevelkov, K. Giller, S. Becker, and A. Lange, Measurement of backbone hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the type III secretion system needle protein PrgI by solid-state NMR, Journal of Magnetic Resonance , 283 (2017), pp. 110-116. (leibniz-fmp.de)
- Hydrogen exchange (HX) mass spectrometry (MS) is dear for providing conformational details for protein/peptides that have become difficult to investigate with other strategies such as for example peripheral membrane protein and peptides that connect to membranes. (tech-strategy.org)
- Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a structural biology technique which excels in the investigation of protein interactions. (ukri.org)
- Areas of protein which are rigid, densely packed and highly structured have a much slower solvent exchange rate than disordered, flexible and loosely packed parts of the protein. (ukri.org)
- Additionally, the creating of new bonds through the creation of new interaction interfaces, whether that be protein: protein interactions, or protein: drug, protein: membrane, or protein: nucleic acid, will all alter the solvent exchange rate. (ukri.org)
- The measurement solvent exchange is achieved through the exposure of a protein to a deuterated solvent. (ukri.org)
- Using mass spectrometry equipment, we can detect this increase in mass, and by incubating the protein with deuterium for multiple time points, we can measure the solvent exchange rate. (ukri.org)
- The solvent exchange rate can then be manipulated by e.g. adding a drug which interacts with the protein, and determine where on the protein the solvent exchange rate is altered, thus locate where on a protein a drug, binding partner, or lipid membrane is interacting. (ukri.org)
- In a second part, methods to study the surface accessibility of protein complexes by chemical modification in solution, either reversible (H/D exchange) or irreversible (specific modification of His and Lys by DEPC) were developed and implemented. (hal.science)
- Increase in deuterium incorporation in some regions of the oligomeric species (compared to the monomer) reflects partial unfolding of the protein, as indicated by the unfolding of an α helix. (hal.science)
- More- over, internal water exchange is believed to be governed by confor- mational ¯uctuations in the protein and can therefore provide information about the thermal accessibility of functionally important con- formational substates. (lu.se)
Spectroscopy4
- Analysis via 13C NMR spectroscopy is also possible: the different spin values of hydrogen (1/2) and deuterium (1) gives rise to different splitting multiplicities. (wikipedia.org)
- Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements demonstrates that a bandgap of at least 450 meV is opened in graphene by the hydrogen nano-patterns. (europa.eu)
- Deuterium-labeled molecules are extensively used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, providing valuable information about molecular structures. (thalesnano.com)
- 14. Z. Luz, Nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy of [Co(MeOH)5Cl]+ in methanol and the kinetics of methanol exchange of the solvation shell. (weizmann.ac.il)
Nuclei2
- Hydrogen and deuterium nuclei are grossly different in their magnetic properties. (wikipedia.org)
- Consistent values of the masses of the light nuclei have been calculated from the best measurements of Q-values for several nuclear reactions, and from mass spectrographic measurements. (caltech.edu)
Mass11
- For detection by mass spectrometry, the pH is dropped to the minimum of the exchange curve, pH 2.6. (wikipedia.org)
- Flow injection tandem mass spectrometric measurement of ceramides of multiple chain lengths in biological samples. (harvard.edu)
- Soya, N., Roldan, A., & Lukacs, G. L. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry and Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry to Monitor the Conformational Dynamics of NBD1 in Cystic Fibrosis . (massspec.com)
- Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry of Oxygen Sensitive Proteins , Bio-protocol 8, no. 6 (2018). (massspec.com)
- Elucidation of tRNA-cytochrome c interactions through hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry , Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics 1865.5 (2017): 539-546. (massspec.com)
- Conformational dynamics and interactions of membrane proteins by hydrogen/deuterium mass spectrometry , Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins . (massspec.com)
- We have previously applied hydrogen exchange (HX) mass spectrometry (MS) to membrane proteins7-14 primarily using liposomes or nanodiscs as the membrane mimetic. (tech-strategy.org)
- In native MS mode 14 , mass measurements enable the separation of signals originating from oligomers of different order (i.e., of different molecular mass). (nature.com)
- Currently, identification of compounds is usually based on the measurement of the accurate mass and fragmentation spectrum, chromatographic elution time, and collisional cross section. (bgu.ac.il)
- When a solvent exchange event occurs, the protein's hydrogen atom is swapped for deuterium, and thus the mass of the amino acid is altered. (ukri.org)
- Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a technique which now firmly embedded within the biosciences. (ukri.org)
Oxide2
- Heavy water, also known as deuterium oxide or deuterium water, is a compound of heavy hydrogen (D) and oxygen (O) ( Fig. 1 ). (medsci.org)
- This work describes a quantitative high-throughput analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of small aliphatic nitrogenous biomarkers, i.e., 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HDA), isophoronediamine (IPDA), beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), in human urine. (cdc.gov)
Quantify1
- These ambiguities highlight the need for assimilation of these new measurements with Earth System models for a consistent assessment of process interactions, along with focused field campaigns that integrate ground, aircraft and satellite measurements, to quantify the controlling carbon and water processes and their feedback mechanisms. (nasa.gov)
Drawbacks1
- The conventional methods for the synthesis of deuterated compounds utilize D 2 gas as the deuterium source, however, they have drawbacks. (thalesnano.com)
Reaction5
- Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (also called H-D or H/D exchange) is a chemical reaction in which a covalently bonded hydrogen atom is replaced by a deuterium atom, or vice versa. (wikipedia.org)
- The exchange reaction can be followed using a variety of methods (see Detection). (wikipedia.org)
- The H/D exchange reaction can also be catalysed, by acid, base or metal catalysts such as platinum. (wikipedia.org)
- However, some methods of deuteration analysis for molecules such as proteins, are performed in aqueous solution, which means that exchange will continue at a slow rate even after the reaction is quenched. (wikipedia.org)
- Deuterium-labeled compounds provide a way to investigate reaction pathways and mechanisms. (thalesnano.com)
Physiological1
- Usually exchange is performed at physiological pH (7.0-8.0) where proteins are in their most native ensemble of conformational states. (wikipedia.org)
Backbone1
- The rate of this exchange is inextricably linked to the structural environment of that amino acid on the polypeptide backbone. (ukri.org)
Fluxes2
- Measurements of carbon stocks and fluxes from disturbance and recovery and of vegetation photosynthesis show significant regional variability of net biosphere exchange and gross primary productivity across the tropics and are tied to seasonal and interannual changes in water fluxes and storage. (nasa.gov)
- However, these observations of stocks, fluxes and inferred interactions between them do not point unambiguously to either positive or negative feedbacks in carbon and water exchanges. (nasa.gov)
Reproducibility1
- process was equal to deuterium recovery in conventional answer HX MS. The reproducibility of the measurements was high despite the requirement of generating a new Org 27569 monolayer for each deuterium labeling time. (tech-strategy.org)
Molecule1
- The deuteration pattern of a molecule that has undergone H/D exchange can be maintained in aprotic environments. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane Proteins2
- Keywords: Arf-1 deuterium melittin dynamics membrane Membrane proteins are involved in many cellular processes ranging from regulation recognition metabolism transport and signaling1. (tech-strategy.org)
- The major obstacle to structural characterization of membrane proteins is usually often the membrane itself which is generally not compatible with structural studies and many biophysical measurements. (tech-strategy.org)
Temperature2
- Calcitic Crinoid fragments in a chert nodule from the Mississippian Burlington limestone yielded an oxygen isotopic temperature of 25°C, indicating that fossil fragments encased within chert nodules may be protected from post-depositional exchange with ground waters and thus suitable for isotopic paleo-temperature analysis. (caltech.edu)
- A simple model was developed to reconstruct the outer-midplane neutral density based on Thomson scattering data for the electron density and temperature, and on measurements of deuterium-alpha emission from edge neutrals. (ukaea.uk)
Isotopic2
- A new experimental technique, called Differential Isotopic Analysis (D.I.A.), has been developed which allows the isotopic exchange characteristics of water in different sites in hydrous silica to be determined. (caltech.edu)
- Significant isotopic effects associated with deuterium labeling often causes the deuterated IS to elute at a different retention time from the target analyte, diminishing its capability to compensate for matrix effects. (cdc.gov)
Water7
- values of successively driven-off samples varies markedly, depending on the degree to which the water in silica has been exchanged with deuterium-rich water in controlled experiments. (caltech.edu)
- Furthermore, our study illustrates that measurements based on using the precipitation waters' inherent low electrical conductivity can be significantly biased by water-sediment reactions. (ufz.de)
- Comparison of satellite based estimates of evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and the deuterium content of water vapor with patterns of total water storage and rainfall demonstrate the presence of vegetation-atmosphere interactions and feedback mechanisms across tropical forests. (nasa.gov)
- The relevance of water exchange kinetics is underscored by recent crystallographic ®ndings of substantial variations in the number and locations of internal water molecules during the photocycle. (lu.se)
- Seasonal changes in the background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the body water of four captive harp seals and in the freshwater pool in which they were kept were measured over a time period of 1 year. (biologists.com)
- 19. I. Pecht and Z. Luz, Oxygen exchange between periodate and water studied by 17O nuclear magnetic resonance. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 22. Z. Luz and B.L. Silver, The acid catalyzed oxygen exchange of acetyl-acetone in dioxane-water solution measured by oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance. (weizmann.ac.il)
Reactions6
- Our measurements show evidence of such exchange reactions. (europa.eu)
- Hence, the observation of H-D exchange reactions provides the first indirect evidence of catalytic activity of PAH molecules in molecular hydrogen formation [Thrower et al. (europa.eu)
- A monatomic, hydrogenic neutral fluid reacts with a plasma fluid through elastic scattering collisions and three inelastic collision reactions: electron-impact ionization, radiative recombination, and resonant charge-exchange. (aps.org)
- The batch study and reactive transport simulations confirmed this observation while revealing mineral reactions and, to a minor extent, also ion exchange as the underlying processes. (ufz.de)
- Other approaches have been employed to overcome the difficulties, such as catalytic H-D exchange reactions between H 2 and D 2 O. These methods are usually time consuming, they do not produce high purity D 2 and require high pressure, special catalyst or excess amount of a strong base or acid. (thalesnano.com)
- These instruments are capable of generating deuterium gas from the electrolysis of D 2 O with 99,98% purity, which can be used safely and easily in continuous flow reactions. (thalesnano.com)
Lamp1
- Easy to exchange pre-aligned deuterium and tungsten lamp light sources. (kwipped.com)
Molecules1
- Deuterium-labeled molecules enable researchers to trace the metabolism, absorption, distribution, and elimination of compounds accurately. (thalesnano.com)
Magnetic4
- Rapid measurements of curcumin from complex samples coupled with magnetic biocompatibility molecularly imprinted polymer using electrochemical detection. (uchicago.edu)
- 4. Z. Luz and B.L. Silver, The acid catalyzed exchange of phosphorus bonded hydrogen in aqueous solutions of dialkyl phosphonates studied by nuclear magnetic resonances. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 7. M. Sheinblatt and Z. Luz, Hydrogen exchange in benzylmercaptan studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 24. Z. Luz and I. Pecht, Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance and oxygen exchange in aqueous solutions of telluric acid. (weizmann.ac.il)
Catalyst1
- It can be applied most easily to exchangeable protons and deuterons, where such a transformation occurs in the presence of a suitable deuterium source, without any catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
Atom1
- The measurements reported here provide the first direct observation of superhydrogenation of neutral PAHs by H atom addition [Thrower et al. (europa.eu)
Protons1
- In protic solution exchangeable protons such as those in hydroxyl or amine group exchange protons with the solvent. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical2
- He was also interested in paleotemperature measurements, inquiries into the genesis of planets, and the chemical difficulties of the earth's origin. (thescandoreview.com)
- For the discovery of deuterium, Urey received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 and the Willard Gibbs Medal from the American Chemical Society's Chicago Section. (thescandoreview.com)
Signals2
- When coupled with ion mobility (IM-MS), the technique also allows the separation of signals from different structural variants of oligomers of the same order and measurement of their collisional cross section (Ω, Å 2 ). (nature.com)
- 2 Hz) and well-dispersed 13 C signals, the deuterium-induced shift difference of 0.11 ppm for the protonated and deprotonated ζ -amino groups, which corresponds to 16.5 Hz at a field strength of 14 T (150 MHz for 13 C), could be accurately measured. (copernicus.org)
Dynamics1
- When coupled with hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX), in solution or gas phase, MS provides insight into the structural dynamics of different oligomeric forms. (nature.com)
Electron1
- Bremsstrahlung from the California Institute of Technology electron synchrotron was incident on a liquid deuterium target. (caltech.edu)
Heavy hydrogen1
- In 1931, he created a method for fractional distillation of liquid hydrogen to concentrate any probable heavy hydrogen isotopes, which led to the discovery of deuterium. (thescandoreview.com)
Flow1
- Pressure-driven laminar flow switching for rapid exchange of solution environment around surface adhered biological particles. (harvard.edu)
Proteins1
- The theoretical framework for understanding hydrogen exchange in proteins was first described by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang and he was the first to apply H/D exchange to study proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Absorption1
- The implemented plasma-neutral model in PSI-Tet is being used to simulate decaying spheromak configurations in the HIT-SI experimental geometry, which is being compare to two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence measurements (TALIF) made on the HIT-SI3 experiment. (aps.org)
Experiment1
- Since the HSQC experiment is specific for hydrogen, the signal will decay exponentially as the hydrogen exchanges. (wikipedia.org)
Reliability1
- By using deuterium-labeled compounds as internal standards, researchers can increase the accuracy and reliability of their measurements, providing precise identification and quantification of the target compounds. (thalesnano.com)
Density2
- H-D exchange was measured originally by the father of hydrogen exchange Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang using density gradient tubes. (wikipedia.org)
- The neutral density reconstructed using the simple model is found to qualitatively agree with SOLPS-ITER modelling and to yield a synthetic passive FIDA signal that is consistent with measurement. (ukaea.uk)
Compounds1
- Deuterium-labeled compounds have an important role as valuable research tools in the field of chemistry. (thalesnano.com)
Rapid1
- Rapid and abrupt changes in the background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 may complicate calculation of energy expenditure by use of the DLW method. (biologists.com)
Neutral2
- Validation results between TALIF measurements and PSI-Tet simulations with the implemented dynamic neutral model will be presented. (aps.org)
- The pH effect on the method of ruggedness testing determined that pre-PhMA is stable across the normal human urine pH range and that neutral conditions must be maintained throughout quantification for robust and accurate measurement of urinary pre-PhMA concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Target1
- We are very grateful to Mr. Earl Emery for the maintenance of the liquid deuterium target and to Alfred Neubieser, Lawrence Loucks, Daniel Sell, and the crew of the Caltech synchrotron for the efficient operation of the machine. (caltech.edu)
Researchers1
- Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. (stackexchange.com)
Results2
- A forward peak is observed, which is estimated (from results of other experiments) to be considerably smaller than that for np charge exchange. (caltech.edu)
- Bias - a systematic distortion of measurements that makes the results inaccurate. (cdc.gov)
Technique4
- Dans une première partie, l'utilisation de cette technique pour la détection de complexes protéiques intacts a été développée sur le système constitué de la créatine kinase (CK) et de ses ligands ADP et ATP, conduisant à l'observation de ces complexes en phase gazeuse. (hal.science)
- 2. Examine the applicability and validity of the Bioelectrical Impendence Vector Analysis (BIVA) in estimating BF against the deuterium dilution technique among adolescents in the region. (who.int)
- 1. In brief, the deuterium dilution technique will be performed on the participants aged 15=18 years. (who.int)
- Body fat is determined using the deuterium dilution technique. (who.int)
Solution1
- Dans une seconde partie, des techniques pour l'étude de l'accessibilité de surface de complexes de protéines par modification chimique en solution, aussi bien réversibles (échanges H/D) qu'irréversibles (modification spécifique d'histidine et de lysine par le DEPC) ont été mises au point et appliquées. (hal.science)
High1
- In the past rather extensive counter measurements(1) of this cross section have been made at high energies and low momentum transfers, but little counter data exist at large momentum transfer. (caltech.edu)
Measure1
- Accuracy is a measure of how close a value is to the true number, or a measure of the correctness of a measurement. (cdc.gov)