SubunitExonucleaseSynthesisReplicationThermostableStart DNA PolymeraseAmplificationPrimerReplicativeNucleotideProteinEnzymesQuantitativeProteinsNucleotidesMitochondrialGeneGenomicCatalyticNucleusStrandsPrimersEscherichiaPolBActivityViralAssaysPromoterSpecificityMolecularPolsRolesReverse transcriptaseSpeciesComplexesMagnesiumVitroCellularPhosphatePhosphorylationAptamerMutationsBufferReactionsSequenceDetectableChainHuman
Subunit9
- The other members of group B do have at least one other subunit which makes the DNA Pol II unique. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
- Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
- The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
- Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. (nih.gov)
- Recombinant Cenarchaeum symbiosum DNA polymerase II large subunit (polC), partial is available at Gentaur for Next week Delivery. (orlaproteins.com)
- Since Pol III replication is abated in strains bearing the dnaN159 allele ( 14 , 35 , 38 ), due to the impaired ability of β159 to interact with the α catalytic subunit of Pol III ( 38 ), we hypothesized that the requirement for Pol I function in the dnaN159 strain might stem from its ability to augment Pol III function in DNA replication. (asm.org)
- 39504) translation initiation factor 2%2C alpha subunit CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0045 complement(39546. (go.jp)
- This gene provides instructions for making one part, the alpha subunit, of a protein called polymerase gamma (pol γ). (medlineplus.gov)
Exonuclease9
- The enzyme has 5′→3′ DNA synthesis capability as well as 3′→5′ exonuclease proofreading activity. (wikipedia.org)
- It displays both 5′ to 3′ polymerase and exonuclease activities. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- It has both 5′→3′ polymerase and exonuclease activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- NZYTaq II DNA polymerase lacks 3'→5' exonuclease activity and supports the robust and reliable amplification of a wide range of DNA templates up to 6 kb. (nzytech.com)
- Q5U Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is a modified version of Q5 ® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase, a novel thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity, and is fused to a processivity-enhancing Sso7d domain. (neb.com)
- Just as with Taq DNA Polymerase, Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase has a non-template-dependent terminal transferase activity that adds a 3' deoxyadenosine to product ends and has a 5'→3' exonuclease activity. (thermofisher.com)
- DNA polymerases I, II and III have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and they can remove incorrectly newly incorporated nucleotides. (tocris.com)
- 2022. Probing the mechanisms of two exonuclease domain mutators of DNA polymerase ε. (nih.gov)
- Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA Polymerase contains 5´→3´ DNA polymerase activity and strong strand-displacement activity but lacks 5´→3´ exonuclease activity. (neb.com)
Synthesis9
- Using in vitro single- and double-stranded DNA synthesis assays, we demonstrated that excess Pol β perturbs the replicative machinery, favors ddC-TP incorporation into DNA, and consequently promotes chain termination. (aspetjournals.org)
- Possesses two activities: a DNA synthesis (polymerase) and an exonucleolytic activity that degrades single-stranded DNA in the 3'- to 5'-direction. (orlaproteins.com)
- however, DNA polymerase delta (pol [delta]) carries much of the load by replicating a major portion of the genome in both leading and lagging strand synthesis. (ecu.edu)
- Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
- We report the synthesis of a new nucleoside, 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-imidazole-4-hydrazide (dY(NH2)) as a reactive monomer for DNA diversification. (pasteur.fr)
- DNA polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis DNA.There are at least fifteen different DNA polymerases known in eukaryotes. (tocris.com)
- It is also a vital medium in protein synthesis because it is the main molecules in DNA translation and transcription (wiki, translation) (wiki, transcription). (bartleby.com)
- 3. A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of RNA molecules. (bartleby.com)
- Reverse transcription is the synthesis of a complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Replication27
- The in vivo functionality of Pol II is under debate, yet consensus shows that Pol II is primarily involved as a backup enzyme in prokaryotic DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
- Several studies involving this isolated enzyme indicated that DNA pol I was most likely involved in repair replication and was not the main replicative polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
- As characterized, this new mutant strain was more sensitive to ultraviolet light, corroborating the hypothesis that DNA pol I was involved in repair replication. (wikipedia.org)
- The mutant grew at the same rate as the wild type, indicating the presence of another enzyme responsible for DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
- The isolation and characterization of this new polymerase involved in semiconservative DNA replication followed, in parallel studies conducted by several labs. (wikipedia.org)
- Polymerases all are involved with DNA replication in some capacity, synthesizing chains of nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA replication is a vital aspect of a cell's proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
- In prokaryotes, like E. coli, DNA Pol III is the major polymerase involved with DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
- While DNA Pol II is not a major factor in chromosome replication, it has other roles to fill. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA Pol II does participate in DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
- showed that DNA Pol II is involved with replication but it is strand dependent and preferentially replicates the lagging strand. (wikipedia.org)
- A proposed mechanism suggests that when DNA Pol III stalls or becomes non-functional, then DNA Pol II is able to be specifically recruited to the replication point and continue replication. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA Pol II is not the most studied polymerase so there are many proposed functions of this enzyme which are all likely functions but are ultimately unconfirmed: repair of DNA damaged by UV irradiation replication restart in UV-irradiated E. coli adaptive mutagenesis long-term survival During DNA replication, base pairs are subject to damage in the sequence. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast to these three Pols, which under certain conditions impede growth of the dnaN159 strain ( 29 , 39 , 40 ), presumably by impairing DNA replication, the catalytic DNA polymerase activity of Pol I ( polA ) is essential for viability of the dnaN159 strain ( 38 ). (asm.org)
- Since Pol I is a multifunctional protein that participates in DNA replication, as well as numerous DNA repair pathways, several possibilities exist, including Okazaki fragment maturation ( 21 , 31 ) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap repair ( 16 , 22 ). (asm.org)
- Many proofreading polymerases derived from archaeal Family B DNA polymerases stall replication in response to uracil bases in DNA templates (Wardle, J. et al. (neb.com)
- These enzymes have roles in DNA repair, as well as DNA replication. (tocris.com)
- This makes the error rate during DNA replication very low, hence maintaining the integrity of the genome. (tocris.com)
- The accuracy of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication depends on the coordinated action of many nuclear-encoded proteins and on the correct balance of nucleotides within the mitochondrial matrix. (novusbio.com)
- Originrecognitioncomplex(ORC) Actsasthe initiator of eukaryotic DNA replication. (slideshare.net)
- Telomeres and DNA Replication Telomeres: Theendsof eukaryoticchromosomes (chromosomes arelinear) Neededfor chromosomal integrity andstability. (slideshare.net)
- Cells contain several types of DNA polymerase, some of which are required for replication of DNA, and are indispensable for multipliation and division of cells. (definitions.net)
- An enzyme that assists DNA replication. (definitions.net)
- DNA polymerase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication, assisting in the process of duplicating DNA strands accurately and efficiently. (definitions.net)
- DNA polymerase also possesses proofreading capabilities, allowing it to correct any potential mistakes made during the replication process. (definitions.net)
- DNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication, and usually function in pairs while copying one double-stranded DNA molecule into two double-stranded DNAs in a process termed semiconservative DNA replication. (definitions.net)
- Pol γ "reads" sequences of mtDNA and uses them as templates to produce new copies of mtDNA in a process called DNA replication . (medlineplus.gov)
Thermostable5
- Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable enzyme derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus . (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase is a convenient and reliable 'hot start' thermostable DNA polymerase for PCR that provides enhanced specificity over that of Taq DNA Polymerase. (thermofisher.com)
- In PCR, a thermostable DNA polymerase is used to amplify target DNA 2-fold with each temperature cycle. (medscape.com)
- Initially, DNA is taken from the clinical specimen, as well as certain sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. (medscape.com)
- Finally, nucleotides complementary to the target DNA are added extending each primer by the thermostable DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Start DNA Polymerase8
- Simpler, cleaner, smarter--these are some PCR benefits you can achieve with Invitrogen Platinum II Taq Hot-Start DNA Polymerase. (thermofisher.com)
- Amplification of bisulfite-converted human genomic DNA targets using Q5U Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Q5U), Phusion U Hot Start DNA Polymerase (P) and KAPA Hifi HotStart Uracil+ ReadyMix PCR Kit (K). Amplicon name and sizes are indicated above the gel. (neb.com)
- For superior PCR performance, upgrade to Invitrogen's new Platinum II Taq Hot-start DNA Polymerase . (thermofisher.com)
- Invitrogen Platinum Taq Green Hot Start DNA Polymerase provides Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase with a 10X Green PCR Buffer. (thermofisher.com)
- Platinum Taq Green Hot Start DNA Polymerase is provided with green PCR buffer that contains a density reagent and two tracking dyes and allows for direct gel loading of PCR products. (thermofisher.com)
- Use Platinum Taq Green Hot Start DNA Polymerase for the amplification of DNA from complex genomic, viral, and plasmid templates, as well as in RT-PCR. (thermofisher.com)
- For superior PCR performance, we recommend the next-generation enzyme Platinum II Taq Hot-start DNA Polymerase . (thermofisher.com)
- Platinum II Taq Hot-Start DNA Polymerase is designed for universal primer annealing and fast, easy PCR with its unique combination of innovative buffer, high-performance engineered Taq DNA polymerase, and superior hot-start technology. (thermofisher.com)
Amplification11
- Each lot of Taq DNA Polymerase is tested for PCR amplification and double-stranded sequencing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The enzyme was optimized to provide higher sensitivity, allowing amplification of different DNA fragments from as little as 5 pg of human genomic DNA. (nzytech.com)
- Achieve superior amplification of bisulfite-converted, deaminated, or damaged DNA (e.g. (neb.com)
- Q5U is a hot start polymerase containing a unique aptamer selected for polymerase inhibition at room temperature and optimal amplification during typical PCR conditions. (neb.com)
- Amplification of FFPE normal lung DNA (Biochain). (neb.com)
- The mutagenicity of dYNH2TP was evaluated by PCR amplification using Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase. (pasteur.fr)
- The triphosphate dY(NH2)TP was preferentially incorporated as a dATP or dGTP analogue and led to misincorporations at frequencies of approximately 2 x 10(-2) per base per amplification. (pasteur.fr)
- The BDProbeTec CT Chlamydia trachomatis Amplified DNA Assays are based on the simultaneous amplification and detection of target DNA, using amplification primers and a fluorescent labeled detector probe. (cdc.gov)
- The Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA) reagents are dried in two separate disposable microwell strips. (cdc.gov)
- After incubation, the reaction mixture is transferred to the Amplification Microwell, which contains two enzymes (a DNA polymerase and a restriction endonuclease) necessary for SDA. (cdc.gov)
- Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA Polymerase displays improved amplification speed, yield, salt tolerance, and thermostability compared to wild-type Bst DNA Polymerase, Large Fragment. (neb.com)
Primer8
- Taq polymerase catalyzes oligonucleotide primer-driven, DNA template dependent incorporation of dNTPs into complimentary DNA strands. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Here, we present a crystal structure of a precatalytic complex of a DNA polymerase with bound substrates that include the primer 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+. (rcsb.org)
- Primer extension reactions showed that dYNH2TP was well tolerated by KF (exo(-)) and Vent (exo-) DNA polymerases. (pasteur.fr)
- During the primer extension reaction in the presence of four dNTPs, pol κ promoted one-base deletion (6.4%), accompanied by the misincorporation of 2′-deoxyguanosine monophosphate (5.5%), dAMP (3.7%), and dTMP (3.5%) opposite the lesion. (elsevierpure.com)
- PCR uses repetitive cycles of primer‐dependent polymerization to amplify a given DNA. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Each cycle of PCR involves three steps: DNA double strand separation, primer hybridization, and copying. (cliffsnotes.com)
- This enzyme synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing DNA strand or RNA primer, following the rules of base pairing. (definitions.net)
- contained 0.5 µL of each primer (10 with serology suggestive of past HBV pmol/µL) and the probe (SP2, 10 infection and clearance of HBsAg [1,2]. (who.int)
Replicative3
- The new polymerase was termed DNA polymerase II, and was believed to be the main replicative enzyme of E. coli for a time. (wikipedia.org)
- The Escherichia coli dnaN159 allele encodes a mutant form of the β-sliding clamp (β159) that is impaired for interaction with the replicative DNA polymerase (Pol), Pol III. (asm.org)
- These phenotypes appear to result, at least in part, from impaired interactions of the mutant β159 clamp protein with the replicative DNA polymerase, Pol III ( 38 ). (asm.org)
Nucleotide1
- A DNA polymerase is a cellular or viral polymerase enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from their nucleotide building blocks. (definitions.net)
Protein10
- DNA Polymerase II is an 89.9-kDa protein and is a member of the B family of DNA polymerases. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA Pol II is an 89.9 kD protein, composed of 783 amino acids, that is encoded by the polB (dinA) gene. (wikipedia.org)
- A globular protein, DNA Pol II functions as a monomer, whereas many other polymerases will form complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- Remarkably, green fluorescent protein fusion proteins and immunofluorescence demonstrate that both are mitochondrial, but their locations with respect to the mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast DNA network) in this organism are strikingly different. (neb.com)
- We show here that PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2) and CHLOROPLAST STEM-LOOP BINDING PROTEIN 41 kDa (CSP41b), two proteins identified in plastid nucleoid preparations, are essential for proper plant embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
- Moreover, PRIN2 and CSP41b form a distinct protein complex in vitro that binds DNA. (frontiersin.org)
- Taken together, our results suggest that PEP activity and consequently the switch from NEP to PEP activity, is essential during embryo development and that the PRIN2-CSP41b DNA binding protein complex possibly is important for full PEP activity during this process. (frontiersin.org)
- Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
- Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA Polymerase is prepared from an E. coli strain that expresses the Bst 2.0 DNA Polymerase protein from an inducible promoter. (neb.com)
- This protein plays a pivotal role in DNA recombination and repair. (medscape.com)
Enzymes2
- Reference: Trypanosoma brucei has two distinct mitochondrial DNA polymerase beta enzymes. (neb.com)
- metabolism of carcinogens and drugs by cytochrome P450 enzymes, the bioactivation of halogenated hydrocarbons, and polymerase interactions with carcinogen-modified DNA. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative4
- Utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in leptospirosis diagnosis: association of level of leptospiremia and clinical manifestations in Sri Lanka. (scielo.br)
- Mycobacterial DNA was not detected with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (cdc.gov)
- In this 2007 photograph, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Biologist, Damien Danavall was shown setting up a liquid handling robot, to perform a quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis, able to detect the presence of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). (cdc.gov)
- Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. (who.int)
Proteins2
- Upon searching the nearly completed genome data base of the related parasite Trypanosoma brucei, we discovered genes for two pol beta-like proteins. (neb.com)
- Both proteins, when expressed recombinantly, are active as DNA polymerases and deoxyribose phosphate lyases, but their polymerase activity optima differ with respect to pH and KCl and MgCl2 concentrations. (neb.com)
Nucleotides3
- One region corresponds with the polymerase's ability to polymerize new nucleotides onto an existing strand of DNA. (ecu.edu)
- Archaeal family B-type polymerases can incorporate/tolerate a variety of modified nucleotides but will stall upon encountering uracil and inosine residues. (neb.com)
- There are four nucleotides of DNA. (bartleby.com)
Mitochondrial3
- The DNA polymerase beta from the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata, however, was the first mitochondrial enzyme of this type described. (neb.com)
- Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. (frontiersin.org)
- Mitochondria each contain a small amount of DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is essential for the normal function of these structures. (medlineplus.gov)
Gene5
- DNA polymerase II (also known as DNA Pol II or Pol II) is a prokaryotic DNA-dependent DNA polymerase encoded by the PolB gene. (wikipedia.org)
- During gene transcription, RNA polymerase (Pol) II encounters obstacles, including lesions in the DNA template. (cipsm.de)
- Figure 2: Patterns of Pol II distribution across gene regions. (nature.com)
- In some cases, a short sequence of DNA is deleted from the gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- Deletion hotspot in the argininosuccinate lyase gene: association with topoisomerase II and DNA polymerase alpha sites. (medlineplus.gov)
Genomic3
- Some DNA isolation procedures, particularly genomic DNA isolation, can result in the co-purification of PCR inhibitors. (nzytech.com)
- BML mutations thus result in defects in DNA repair and genomic instability in the somatic cells, predisposing the patients to cancer development. (medscape.com)
- Overall, the Committee judged that significant progress had been made during the past year, particularly in further characterization of the isolates held in the two collections, the development of diagnostic tests for smallpox, and in understanding the genomic diversity of variola virus. (who.int)
Catalytic2
- The palm of the complex contains three catalytic residues that will coordinate with two divalent metal ions in order to function. (wikipedia.org)
- Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta lacking the 3'-OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described. (rcsb.org)
Nucleus1
- Transcription is the formation of an RNA strand from a DNA template within the nucleus of a cell. (bartleby.com)
Strands5
- Repairing these lesions is difficult because both DNA strands have been damaged by the chemical agent and thus the genetic information on both strands is incorrect. (wikipedia.org)
- First, the original DNA is denatured by heat treatment to make two separated strands. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Then the two primers are hybridized to the DNA, one to each of the two separated strands. (cliffsnotes.com)
- The original two strands of DNA now become four strands, which are then denatured. (cliffsnotes.com)
- The temperature of these is increased to 90-95°C in order to separate (denature) the 2 strands of target DNA. (medscape.com)
Primers5
- The reaction mix composition may affect the melting properties of primers and DNA. (nzytech.com)
- The 'hot start' property of the enzyme is conferred by thermolabile monoclonal antibodies that render Taq DNA polymerase inactive until the initial PCR denaturation step, thus preventing the extention of nonspecifically annealed primers and improving product yield. (thermofisher.com)
- Very little original DNA is required, as long as two unique primers are available. (cliffsnotes.com)
- These primers act as initiators for DNA polymerase, which copies each strand of the original double‐stranded DNA. (cliffsnotes.com)
- In the second step, the temperature decreases (45-60°C), depending on the primers, to permit annealing (strengthening) of the target DNA primers. (medscape.com)
Escherichia1
- The Escherichia coli dnaN -encoded β-sliding clamp functions as a homodimer and is "loaded" onto primed DNA by the multisubunit DnaX clamp loader complex ( 5 , 21 ). (asm.org)
PolB1
Activity5
- Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. (mcw.edu)
- We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)
- The antibodies dissociate during the initial PCR denaturation step and the DNA polymerase regains its full activity. (thermofisher.com)
- Predicted to enable RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity. (jax.org)
- Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA Polymerase is an in silico designed homologue of Bacillus stearothermophilus DNA Polymerase I, Large Fragment ( Bst DNA Polymerase, Large Fragment) with a reversibly-bound aptamer, which inhibits polymerase activity at temperatures below 45°C. The aptamer rapidly releases the Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA Polymerase above 45°C and therefore no special activation step is needed to activate the polymerase. (neb.com)
Viral1
- The diagnosis of many infectious diseases, both viral and bacterial, may include the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (medscape.com)
Assays2
- The optional KB Extender used with Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase enables more versatility in PCR assays with long or GC-rich amplicons. (thermofisher.com)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing was used to determine the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (bla) including bla NDM-1 and plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. (who.int)
Promoter4
- The nomenclature of different promoter-associated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) species is explicitly defined in an effort to provide consistency in future literature. (nature.com)
- Multiple lines of evidence support the idea that Pol II and nucleosomes compete for promoter binding and suggest that a crucial role of paused Pol II involves maintenance of accessible promoter chromatin architecture. (nature.com)
- Here the evidence for pausing of Pol II from recent high-throughput studies will be discussed, as well as the potential interconnected functions of promoter-proximally paused Pol II. (nature.com)
- Figure 1: Defining the terms used to describe promoter-associated Pol II complexes. (nature.com)
Specificity2
- The fully extended products were analysed to quantify the miscoding frequency and specificity of 8-Cl-dG using two-phased polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). (elsevierpure.com)
- the miscoding frequency and specificity varies depending on the DNA polymerase used. (elsevierpure.com)
Molecular3
- The study provided the molecular basis for recognition of a damaged DNA by Pol II, which is the first step in transcription- coupled DNA repair (TCR). (cipsm.de)
- DNA polymerases are widely used in molecular biology laboratories, notably for the polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and molecular cloning. (definitions.net)
- PCR produces large amounts of replicated DNA, or RNA molecular sequences. (cdc.gov)
Pols1
- In this study, we explored the miscoding properties of the 8-Cl-dG adduct generated by human DNA polymerases (pols). (elsevierpure.com)
Roles1
- DNA polymerases also play key roles in other processes within cells, including DNA repair, genetic recombination, reverse transcription, and the generation of antibody diversity via the specialized DNA polymerase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. (definitions.net)
Reverse transcriptase1
Species1
- In opinion of De Vries, these mutations give origin to a new species that he named "elementary species" [ 1 ], [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
Complexes1
- Both diseases involve the BRAFT and FANCM complexes, which are important in DNA repair. (medscape.com)
Magnesium1
- Optimise magnesium concentration by supplementing M g Cl 2 in 0.5 increments up to 4 mM. (nzytech.com)
Vitro3
- In this study, we show that treatment with the 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC) nucleoside analog inhibited in vitro and in vivo the proliferation of Pol β-transfected B16 melanoma cells, which up-regulate Pol β compared with control isogenic cells. (aspetjournals.org)
- The reduced ability of β159 to stimulate Pol I in vitro correlates with our finding that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap repair is impaired in the dnaN159 strain. (asm.org)
- The 5′-triphosphate derivative (dY(NH2)TP, 1) was evaluated in vitro as a substrate for several DNA polymerases. (pasteur.fr)
Cellular3
- Pausing provides a point of regulation that is distinct from Pol II recruitment and initiation, and this may facilitate the integration of multiple cellular signals. (nature.com)
- At the site of inflammation, cellular DNA is damaged by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidant generated by myeloperoxidase. (elsevierpure.com)
- HIV-2 RT and human cellular DNA polymerases α, γ, or δ are not inhibited by delavirdine. (drugs.com)
Phosphate1
- Phosphate group 2. (slideshare.net)
Phosphorylation1
- Pol II pausing and release occur at a point when 5′ end RNA processing and phosphorylation of the Pol II carboxy-terminal domain occurs. (nature.com)
Aptamer1
- Our 5x ready-to-use PCR kit contains Hot Start Omni Klentaq 2, made with aptamer-based technology, enabling room temperature reaction set-up. (klentaq.com)
Mutations2
- Using the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, we investigate two novel mutations in two different evolutionary conserved regions. (ecu.edu)
- In people of Arab ancestry, two common mutations replace the amino acid glutamine with a premature stop signal at position 116 (written as Gln116Ter or Q116*) or position 354 (written as Gln354Ter or Q354*) in the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
Buffer1
- Taq DNA polymerase comes with the choice of an optimized 10× reaction buffer including MgCl 2 (D1806) or a 10× reaction buffer without MgCl 2 plus a separate tube of MgCl 2 for titration (D4545). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Reactions2
- Generally, 2-3 mM M g Cl 2 , typically 2.5 mM final concentration, works well for the majority of PCR reactions. (nzytech.com)
- Identical LAMP reactions were run either immediately after setup (solid line) or after a 2 hour incubation at 25 °C. Without the protection from Bst 2.0 WarmStart, this room temperature incubation results in variable LAMP performance. (neb.com)
Sequence2
- You can isolate virtually any DNA sequence by means of the polymerase chain reaction , or PCR . (cliffsnotes.com)
- Because a single DNA sequence is obtained by PCR, sequence information can also be obtained directly. (cliffsnotes.com)
Detectable3
- Specific DNA present in small amounts in a clinical specimen are amplified by PCR so they become detectable. (medscape.com)
- About half (54.3%) of the patients had elevated alanine aminotransfe-rase levels and detectable serum HBV DNA. (who.int)
- HBV-DNA was detectable in sera from 3 patients out of the 40 patients who were positive for hepatitis B core antibody. (who.int)
Chain3
- When the phosphorylated form of ddC was electrotransfered into Pol β-transfected melanoma, the cell growth inhibition was strengthened, strongly suggesting that the cytotoxic effect results from incorporation of the chain terminator into DNA. (aspetjournals.org)
- In this study immunochromatography, microscopic agglutination test and polymerase chain reaction were used to diagnose leptospirosis. (scielo.br)
- [ 1 ] The resultant complementary DNA is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
Human3
- DNA Pol II falls into the Group B along with human DNA Pol α, δ, ϵ, and ζ. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA polymerase β (Pol β), an error-prone DNA-synthesizing enzyme tightly down-regulated in healthy somatic cells, has been shown to be overexpressed in many human tumors. (aspetjournals.org)
- Structure of human RNA polymerase III. (expasy.org)