• DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ligase will also work with blunt ends, although higher enzyme concentrations and different reaction conditions are required. (wikipedia.org)
  • Derived from a thermophilic bacterium, the enzyme is stable and active at much higher temperatures than conventional DNA ligases. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)
  • 5X enzyme concentration over standard T4 DNA Ligase, good for increasing reaction rates or for bulk users. (neb.com)
  • DNA ligase (polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase) is the enzyme that joins two DNA fragments by catalysing the formation of an internucleotide ester bond between phosphate and deoxyribose. (embl.de)
  • With three important enzymes, E1 activating enzyme, E2 conjugating enzyme, and E3 ligase, SUMOylation is mechanistically very similar to ubiquitination. (ku.edu)
  • T4 DNA Ligase is a ligation enzyme that can be used to join DNA fragments by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between juxtaposed 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl termini in double-stranded DNA using ATP as a coenzyme. (takarabio.com)
  • Properties of the enzyme-adenylate intermediate in the polynucleotide ligase reaction. (takarabio.com)
  • DNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation reaction, ligation is the process of joining various types of DNA fragments. (microbenotes.com)
  • The enzyme DNA ligases were firstly isolated from E. coli in 1967, and several DNA ligases were discovered in 1967and 1968. (microbenotes.com)
  • DNA ligases are classified into two categories based on source, the enzyme requires either ATP or NAD + as a cofactor. (microbenotes.com)
  • The enzyme found in Haemophilus influenza consists of 268 amino acids, and larger cellular ligases such as human DNA ligase I consist of 912 amino acids, and IV consist of 844 amino acids. (microbenotes.com)
  • What Is The Role Of Dna Ligase In Dna Replication - An enzyme is a catalyst or chemical produced by cells to speed up a biochemical reaction. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • In biology, ligase is a class of enzyme. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Ligase is a type of enzyme that brings about the binding or joining of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • It is, as defined in biology, a class of enzyme that binds or joins two macromolecules by forming new bonds such as C-O, C-N, and C-S. Ligase enzyme catalyzes the ligase reaction, e.g. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Biology/Biochemistry: Ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the binding of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Based on the molecular bond catalyzed by the ligase enzyme, ligase can be classified into six subclasses (see Table 2). (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • DNA-ligase activity in eukaryotic cells is carried out by two different molecular forms of the enzyme. (silverchair.com)
  • The heavy molecular form of the enzyme, referred to as DNA-ligase I, is generally present in proliferating tissues. (silverchair.com)
  • In the same cytoplasmic environment, and following egg activation and DNA replication, the gene for DNA-ligase I introduced by the male pronucleus is unable to direct any production of the corresponding enzyme. (silverchair.com)
  • Lucigen also provides its OmniAmp enzyme in a kit for loop-mediated amplification of RNA and DNA at temperatures up to about 160 degrees Fahrenheit. (genomeweb.com)
  • This fits with the generally adaptable nature of the DNA-repair process in which this enzyme is involved-nonhomologous end-joining-which allows this mechanism to handle diverse types of broken DNA ends in order to restore the duplex structure, albeit with a loss of information at the join. (nature.com)
  • E. coli DNA Ligase is a NAD + -dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between complementary 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphoryl termini of dsDNA. (mclab.com)
  • The enzyme joins blunt ends and cohesive ends as well as repair single stranded nicks in duplex DNA. (mclab.com)
  • The enzyme joins blunt end and cohesive end termini as well as repair single stranded nicks in duplex DNA. (mclab.com)
  • The SUCLA2 and SUCLG1 genes each provide instructions for making one part (subunit) of an enzyme called succinate-CoA ligase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A shortage (deficiency) of this enzyme leads to problems with the production and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The companies collaborated to develop this TdT enzyme to advance fully enzymatic DNA synthesis for the production of long, pure, accurate oligonucleotides to accelerate innovation in many fields. (biospace.com)
  • The E. coli DNA ligase is encoded by the lig gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase in E. coli, as well as most prokaryotes, uses energy gained by cleaving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to create the phosphodiester bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activity of E. coli DNA ligase can be enhanced by DNA polymerase at the right concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the concentrations of Pol I DNA polymerases are higher, it has an adverse effect on E. coli DNA ligase The DNA ligase from bacteriophage T4 (a bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli bacteria). (wikipedia.org)
  • It can also ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than E. coli DNA ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike E. coli DNA ligase, T4 DNA ligase cannot utilize NAD and it has an absolute requirement for ATP as a cofactor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further purification and properties of polynucleotide ligase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. (takarabio.com)
  • Last stop on the road to repair: structure of E. coli DNA ligase bound to nicked DNA-adenylate. (cornell.edu)
  • DNA sliding clamps encircle DNA and provide binding sites for many DNA-processing enzymes. (rcsb.org)
  • Also, the ligase, like most enzymes, is in some percentage of glycerol which tends to stick to the sides of your tip. (openwetware.org)
  • Further, to understand the role of SUMOylation more clearly in human cells we have targeted one of the important SUMOylation enzymes PIASy SUMO E3 ligase. (ku.edu)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the joining of preformed deoxyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage during genetic processes during repair of a single-stranded break in duplex DNA. (childrensmercy.org)
  • DNA ligase belongs to the nucleotide transferase superfamily, including RNA ligases and mRNA capping enzymes. (microbenotes.com)
  • Enzymes can be classified and named according to their reactions: (1) oxidoreductases, (2) transferases, (3) lyases, (4) isomerases, and (6) ligases. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Basically, ligases are a group of enzymes that enable the binding of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • There are six types of enzymes and ligases are one of them. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Ligase and lyase are closely related classes of enzymes. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • However, ligase and lyase are different types of enzymes. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Enhancement only works when the concentrations of the DNA polymerase 1 are much lower than the DNA fragments to be ligated. (wikipedia.org)
  • The final phosphodiester linkage between the 5'-phosphate group on the DNA chain synthesized by DNA polymerase III and the 3'-hydroxyl group on the chain made by DNA polymerase I is catalyzed by DNA ligase. (microbenotes.com)
  • Have greater confidence in library amplification results with Codex® HiFi Hot Start DNA Polymerase, delivering greater library complexity, high yields, and enhanced uniformity of coverage. (codexis.com)
  • New England Biosciences makes a similar kit, the WarmStart LAMP Kit for DNA and RNA, that uses a blend of Bst 2.0 DNA polymerase and RTx reverse transcriptase . (genomeweb.com)
  • New work on DNA polymerase λ highlights its remarkable flexibility. (nature.com)
  • There is compelling evidence that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA sliding clamp, co-ordinates the processing and joining of Okazaki fragments during eukaryotic DNA replication. (nih.gov)
  • Eukaryotic, archaebacterial, viral and some eubacterial DNA ligases are ATP-dependent. (embl.de)
  • Whereas eukaryotic DNA ligases are ATP-dependent bacteria, archaea and virus DNA ligases are both NAD+ and ATP dependent. (microbenotes.com)
  • Most eukaryotic DNA ligases use ATP as a cofactor, including bacteriophage, archaeal, and eubacteria DNA ligases. (microbenotes.com)
  • DNA repair proteins that include the bacterial MutS DNA mismatch-binding protein and its eukaryotic homologs that function in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR and recombination of DNA during MEIOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • DNA ligase I: ligates the nascent DNA of the lagging strand after the Ribonuclease H has removed the RNA primer from the Okazaki fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • It catalyzes the final step in the non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar to the functionally homologous human proteins, yeast RFC interacts with and inhibits Cdc9 DNA ligase whereas the addition of PCNA alleviates inhibition by RFC. (nih.gov)
  • DNA ligase IV: homologous recombination repair and important in immune cell development and other activities critical to a normal cell. (microbenotes.com)
  • Human CtIP is a decisive factor in DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice by enabling DNA-end resection, the first step that differentiates homologous recombination (HR) from non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). (ed.ac.uk)
  • T4 RNA Ligase 1 catalyzes the ligation of a 5' phosphoryl-terminated nucleic acid donor to a 3' hydroxyl-terminated nucleic acid acceptor through the formation of a 3'→5' phosphodiester bond, with hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PP i . (mclab.com)
  • Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we found that RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the RIPK1 autophosphorylation and subsequent cell death. (mdpi.com)
  • joining blunt and cohesive end termini as well as repairing single stranded nicks in duplex DNA. (alpha-zyme.com)
  • AMP is required for the ligase reaction, which proceeds in four steps: Reorganization of activity site such as nicks in DNA segments or Okazaki fragments etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • It ligates DNA during the process of nucleotide excision repair and recombinant fragment. (microbenotes.com)
  • The truncated ligase 2 specifically ligates the adenylated 5´ end of an adapter to the 3´ end of RNA. (mclab.com)
  • The size of DNA ligases is different from organism to organism. (microbenotes.com)
  • Taq DNA Ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond in duplex DNA containing adjacent 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl termini, using NAD+ as a cofactor. (mclab.com)
  • DNA ligase III: complexes with DNA repair protein XRCC1 to aid in sealing DNA during the process of nucleotide excision repair and recombinant fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • A typical reaction for inserting a fragment into a plasmid vector would use about 0.01 (sticky ends) to 1 (blunt ends) units of ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Salt-T4 DNA Ligase is insensitive to salt carried over from other reaction components (vector or insert DNA) and allows ligation reactions to proceed in alternative reaction buffers with higher levels of salt (e.g. (neb.com)
  • A closed, ring-shaped conformation of ligase catalyzes a DNA end-joining reaction that is strongly stimulated by PCNA. (rcsb.org)
  • Domain la is required for the reaction of ligase with NAD + to form the ligase-AMP intermediate. (microbenotes.com)
  • The Chlamydia trachomatis assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of plasmid DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis. (cdc.gov)
  • The Neisseria gonorrhoeae assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of a specific target nucleic acid sequence in the Opa gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA ligase II: A purification artifact resulting from proteolytic degradation of DNA ligase III. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase II: purification or excision repair of alternatively spliced form of DNA ligase III found in non-dividing cells. (microbenotes.com)
  • It can ligate either cohesive or blunt ends of DNA, oligonucleotides, as well as RNA and RNA-DNA hybrids, but not single-stranded nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can ligate either cohesive end or blunt ends of DNA, RNA -DNA hybrid, and also RNA. (microbenotes.com)
  • Exceptions to this are observed in cells lacking XRCC4 or ligase IV and concomitantly when there is time for either of the other two ligases (ligase I (L1) and ligase III (L3)) to ligate either the top strand or the bottom strand of the DNA duplex 3 . (nature.com)
  • Purified DNA ligase is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haploid androgenetic axolotl embryos develop devoid of the 8S DNA-ligase characteristic of control embryos ( Fig. 1A,B ). The paternal gene for DNA-ligase I is in a repressed state. (silverchair.com)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency results from mutations in the SUCLA2 or SUCLG1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in either the SUCLA2 or SUCLG1 gene disrupt the normal function of succinate-CoA ligase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • one successful approach, for example, tested T4 DNA ligase fused to several alternative DNA binding proteins and found that the constructs with either p50 or NF-kB as fusion partners were over 160% more active in blunt-end ligations for cloning purposes than wild type T4 DNA ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our group has identified DNA topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) as one of the important mitotic proteins for SUMOylation. (ku.edu)
  • Of the all known mammalian DNA ligases, only Lig III has been found to be present in mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase III: It is the only mammalian ligase that is found in mitochondria. (microbenotes.com)
  • Mitochondria each contain a small amount of DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA, which is essential for the normal function of these structures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • An example is DNA ligase which joins two pieces of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Ec BirA is a new protein:DNA linking system and JCU's proof-of-concept application in quantitative immuno‑PCR (qIPCR). (edu.au)
  • To coordinate appropriate and timely execution of DNA-end resection, CtIP function is tightly controlled by multiple protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. (ed.ac.uk)
  • LigA envelopes the DNA within a protein clamp. (cornell.edu)
  • Salt-T4 DNA Ligase will join cohesive end termini at salt concentrations as high as 300 mM without any loss in activity. (neb.com)
  • Energy is required for the joining of nicks (nicks lack the phosphodiester linkage between the nucleotide sequence) of DNA. (microbenotes.com)
  • It is two domain ligase, the first one is the adenylation or nucleotide-binding domain. (microbenotes.com)
  • Reference: Mechanistic comparison of high-fidelity and error-prone DNA polymerases and ligases involved in DNA repair. (neb.com)
  • Fig. 3: Additions of nucleotides by pol X family polymerases at DNA ends. (nature.com)
  • While some bacteria, archaea, and viruses, DNA ligases are both NAD+ and ATP dependent. (microbenotes.com)
  • NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligases (LigA) are ubiquitous in bacteria and essential for growth. (cornell.edu)
  • The optimal incubation temperature for T4 DNA ligase is 16 °C. Bacteriophage T4 ligase mutants have increased sensitivity to both UV irradiation and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate indicating that DNA ligase is employed in the repair of the DNA damages caused by these agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is the most widely used DNA ligase derived from the T7 bacteriophage. (microbenotes.com)
  • It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically repair double-strand breaks (i.e. a break in both complementary strands of DNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results suggest that PIASy is an important E3 ligase that mediates mitotic SUMOylation in human cells. (ku.edu)
  • When complexed with heterotrimeric PCNA, the DNA ligase binds to the PCNA3 subunit and ligase retains an open, extended conformation. (rcsb.org)
  • This chart will help you understand the differences between them.To select a ligase based upon the type of substrate present, please visit Substrate-based Ligase Selection Chart . (neb.com)
  • Their distinctive substrate specificity and domain organization vis-a-vis human ATP-dependent ligases make them outstanding targets for anti-infective drug discovery. (cornell.edu)
  • Its half-life is 48 hours at 65 °C and greater than 1 hour at 95 °C. Ampligase DNA Ligase has been shown to be active for at least 500 thermal cycles (94 °C/80 °C) or 16 hours of cycling.10 This exceptional thermostability permits extremely high hybridization stringency and ligation specificity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We tested four combinations of mutations on the Ebola transcripts, and the ligase demonstrated exceptional specificity in reporting them," Tripathi said, adding that the specificity varied from 10 -2 to 10 -4 . (genomeweb.com)
  • Zhou, W. , Richmond-Buccola, D. , Wang, Q. , and Kranzusch, P. J. (2022) Structural basis of human TREX1 DNA degradation and autoimmune disease . (cornell.edu)
  • DNA ligase joins the DNA molecule covalently by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides. (microbenotes.com)
  • In mammals, there are four specific types of ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase IV: complexes with XRCC4. (wikipedia.org)
  • For nearly all NHEJ joining events, XRCC4-DNA ligase IV (X4L4) carries out the ligation. (nature.com)
  • Boost assay sensitivity and improve the number of successfully processed samples with a ligase engineered to address sequencing challenges. (codexis.com)
  • The LCx Chlamydia trachomatis assay uses the nucleic acid amplication method LCR to detect the presence of C. trachomatis plasmid DNA directly in clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • The four oligonucleotide probes in the LCx assay recognize and hybridize to a specific target sequence within the C. trachomatis plasmid DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Unlike T4 RNA Ligase 1, T4 RNA Ligase 2 is much more active joining nicks on double stranded RNA than on joining the ends of single stranded RNA. (mclab.com)
  • There are two forms of DNA ligase, one requires ATP ( EC 6.5.1.1 ), the other NAD ( EC 6.5.1.2 ), the latter being restricted to eubacteria. (embl.de)
  • Complementary mutational and biochemical results demonstrate that these two interaction interfaces are required for complex formation both in the absence of DNA and when PCNA is topologically linked to DNA. (nih.gov)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Brown University researchers have discovered an RNA ligase that has the ability to function at high temperatures, potentially enabling detection of RNA mutations and improving RNA sequencing. (genomeweb.com)
  • The ligase was then used to detect Ebola RNA transcripts as well as to detect the presence of point mutations. (genomeweb.com)
  • We have determined structures of Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA ligase and heterotrimeric PCNA separately by X-ray diffraction and in complex by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). (rcsb.org)
  • Whether you are performing your first cloning experiment or constructing multi-fragment DNA assemblies, NEB ® has the solution for you. (neb.com)
  • According to one recent review , T4 RNA ligases have become essential for a subset of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) protocols, 3' RNA labeling, and for the preparation of microRNA sequencing libraries. (genomeweb.com)
  • However, it is largely unknown how sliding clamps like proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) coordinate multistep DNA transactions. (rcsb.org)
  • A reduction in the amount of mitochondrial DNA (known as mitochondrial DNA depletion) impairs mitochondrial function in many of the body's cells and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects the early development of the brain and other body systems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most children with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency also experience a failure to thrive, which means that they gain weight and grow more slowly than expected. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency causes breathing difficulties that often lead to recurrent infections of the respiratory tract. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These infections can be life-threatening, and most people with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency live only into childhood or adolescence. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A few individuals with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency have had an even more severe form of the disorder known as fatal infantile lactic acidosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although the exact prevalence of succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is unknown, it appears to be very rare. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These problems lead to hypotonia, muscle weakness, and the other characteristic features of succinate-CoA ligase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • According to the study, the addition of single-stranded DNA ligase to the reactions increased template-dependent ligation efficiency. (genomeweb.com)
  • For additional details, please see the white paper available at https://www.codexis.com/resources/detail/11503/a-ligase-with-superior-ligation-efficiency . (biospace.com)
  • In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in molecular biology laboratories for recombinant DNA experiments (see Research applications). (wikipedia.org)
  • It does not ligate blunt-ended DNA except under conditions of molecular crowding with polyethylene glycol, and cannot join RNA to DNA efficiently. (wikipedia.org)
  • A ligase that makes the connection of two macromolecules and uses molecular energy obtained by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), for example, the hydrolysis of -adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is adenosine. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Further investigations revealed that in vitro cells derived from patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome display characteristic abnormalities similar to those observed in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) , including spontaneous chromosomal instability, sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR), and radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS). (medscape.com)
  • Mix 2μL of 10x T4 DNA Ligase Buffer, 5μL of the double-digested pQE-80-L-Kan vector, 10μL of the wildtype insert, 2μL of nuclease free H 2 O, and 1μL of T4 DNA Ligase. (openwetware.org)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase is involved in producing and maintaining the building blocks of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This open-to-closed switch in the conformation of DNA ligase is accommodated by a malleable interface with PCNA that serves as an efficient platform for DNA ligation. (rcsb.org)
  • However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of functional PCNA:ligase I interactions has been incomplete. (nih.gov)
  • Here we present the co-crystal structure of yeast PCNA with a peptide encompassing the conserved PCNA interaction motif of Cdc9, yeast DNA ligase I. The Cdc9 peptide contacts both the inter-domain connector loop (IDCL) and residues near the C-terminus of PCNA. (nih.gov)
  • Both blunt and cohesive end DNA ligation, as well as single-stranded nick repair of DNA, RNA and DNA/RNA, are possible using the T4 DNA ligase. (takarabio.com)
  • NAD + dependent ligases have a central ligase catalytic core which is composed of oligonucleotide binding fold domain and nucleotidyltransferase domain. (microbenotes.com)
  • Loss of the bloom syndrome helicase increases DNA ligase 4-independent genome rearrangements and tumorigenesis in aging Drosophila. (tufts.edu)
  • HTBS recruits HIV reverse transcriptase, which nucleates DNA synthesis and is aided in elongation by murine leukemia reverse transcriptase. (nature.com)
  • In human DNA ligase I ( P18858 ), and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) ( P04819 ), this region was necessary for catalysis, and separated from the amino terminus by targeting elements. (embl.de)
  • DNA Repair (Amst). (childrensmercy.org)
  • DNA ligase forms a bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone to fully repair the DNA. (microbenotes.com)
  • The disorders are characterized by a defect in DNA repair mechanisms or genomic instability, and patients with these disorders show increased predisposition to cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, DNA-end resection is strongly attenuated in cells overexpressing KLHL15 but amplified in cells either expressing a CtIP-FRY mutant or lacking KLHL15, thus impacting the balance between HR and NHEJ. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Substrates include single-stranded RNA and DNA as well as dinucleoside pyrophosphates. (mclab.com)
  • The T4 ligase is the most-commonly used in laboratory research. (wikipedia.org)