• BACs are circular DNA molecules that are derived from the F-factor plasmid found in the bacterium E. coli. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Magnesium ion-dependent triple-helix structure formed by homopurine-homopyrimidine sequences in supercoiled plasmid DNA. (wikidata.org)
  • Characteristics of compacted plasmid DNA by high pressurization. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In order to investigate the effect of pressure on the tertiary structure of plasmid DNA having the supercoiled and relaxed forms, the solution of plasmid DNA was hydrostatically pressurized at different atmosphere and 40 degrees C for various times. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement of the pressurized plasmid DNA, the hydrodynamic diameters of the super-coiled and relaxed plasmid DNA were decreased with increasing pressure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Also, at constant pressure, a long period of pressure treatment effectively induced the decrease in plasmid DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results suggest that the plasmid DNA was condensed by high hydrostatic pressurization. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the pressurized plasmid DNA was slightly changed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For digestion by S1 nuclease, which selectively cleaves single strand DNA, the pressurized plasmid DNA was easily degraded compared to the non-pressurized plasmid DNA, suggesting that the double helix of plasmid DNA was partly dissociated to single strand by the pressure-induced compaction of plasmid DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results indicate that high hydrostatic pressurization is one of powerful tools for preparing the compacted plasmid DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Characteristics of compacted plasmid DNA by high pressurization. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The effect of radiations on supercoiled plasmid DNA has been investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The miniF plasmid C protein: sequence, purification and DNA binding. (shengsci.com)
  • The C protein has been purified from cells carrying the Ptrp-C plasmid, and a preliminary study of C protein-DNA binding properties has been carried out. (shengsci.com)
  • We describe an improved model of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts, in which a circular plasmid immobilized on paramagnetic beads is used as a template. (shengsci.com)
  • DNA synthesis occurred on either circular or linear plasmids coupled to the beads, but only DNA synthesis on the circular plasmid was inhibited by geminin and a. (shengsci.com)
  • Experiments with micrococcal nuclease confirm that the DNA in the reconstructed complexes is organized into nucleosome-like structures. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Specifically, she identified a new class of prospective anticancer agents named curaxins which interfere with DNA binding to histones and cause nucleosome disassembly and chromatin decondensation, phenomenon which they named "chromatin damage. (roswellpark.org)
  • A) The rigid base-pair model is forced, using 28 constraints (indicated by red spheres), into a lefthanded superhelical path that mimics the DNA conformation in the nucleosome crystal structure [4]. (feelguide.com)
  • A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 [5] base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A , H2B , H3 , and H4 . (wikidoc.org)
  • [6] Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle consisting of H2A , H2B , H3 and H4 and DNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • The nucleosome contains over 120 direct protein-DNA interactions and several hundred water mediated ones [13] . (wikidoc.org)
  • The human nucleosome core contains about seven turns of DNA for every full "superhelical" turn, rather than three as shown at Crooked Soley. (aloriaweaver.com)
  • The translocase motor of the ATPase module engages with the edge of the nucleosome at superhelical location +2. (mbexc.de)
  • Eukaryotic histones are basic and water-soluble nuclear proteins that form hetero-octameric nucleosome particles by wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA in a left-handed super-helical turn sequentially to form chromosomal fiber. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • eukaryotic topoisomerase I and topoisomerase V). These enzymes are primarily responsible for relaxing positively and/or negatively supercoiled DNA, except for reverse gyrase, which can introduce positive supercoils into DNA. (embl.de)
  • Bacterial DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into chromosomal DNA and relaxes positive supercoils introduced by replication and transiently by transcription. (york.ac.uk)
  • DNA gyrase is a class of Type II Topoisomerases that plays an important role in bacterial viability. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • The study focuses on DNA gyrase as a target and shows insights into future drug development. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • The research focuses on the discovery of novel plant-based therapeutic compounds to target DNA gyrase B activity. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • The study employs DNA gyrase as its target and provides information on potential therapeutic targets. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • The goal of the study is to identify innovative plant-based medicinal molecules that specifically target DNA gyrase B activity. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • Cozzarelli, N.R. DNA gyrase and the supercoiling of DNA. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • A negatively supercoiled DNA molecule will produce either a one-start left-handed helix, the toroid, or a two-start right-handed helix with terminal loops, the plectoneme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on the properties of intercalating molecules, i.e. fluorescing upon binding to DNA and unwinding of DNA base-pairs, in 2016, a single-molecule technique has been introduced to directly visualize individual plectonemes along supercoiled DNA which would further allow to study the interactions of DNA processing proteins with supercoiled DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Introduction DNA supercoiling is the twisting or coiling of the double helix structure of DNA, resulting in a strain on the molecule. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The free energy of superhelix formation is calculated as a function of τ from a consideration of the effect of the superhelical turns upon the binding isotherm of ethidium bromide to SV 40 DNA I. The value of the free energy is about 100 kcal/mole DNA in the native molecule. (caltech.edu)
  • But today's announcement confirms what scientists have suspected since the 1980s - there is a secret "hidden" code found inside the specific way each DNA molecule is wrapped up and folded. (feelguide.com)
  • The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated. (lookformedical.com)
  • Two of these paired strands make up the DNA molecule, which then twists into a helix. (rainis.pics)
  • In the more common B form, the DNA helix has a repeat of 10.5 base pairs per turn, with the sugar and phosphate forming the covalent phosphodiester "backbone" of the molecule, and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine line up in the middle, where the base pairs we know today are, which look like the rungs of a ladder. (rainis.pics)
  • A unique feature of mitochondria is that they possess their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for subunits of the electron transport chain that eventually leads to the synthesis of the ATP molecule. (csic.es)
  • Single-molecule kinetics reveal microscopic mechanism by which High-Mobility Group B proteins alter DNA flexibility. (shengsci.com)
  • We developed a new single-molecule method to probe non-specific DNA interactions for two HMGB homologs: the human HMGB2 box A domain and yeast Nhp6Ap, along with chimeric mutants replacin. (shengsci.com)
  • The kind of IB molecule via variola malware (vTopo) has proven to be attractive dealing with mechanistic queries about topoisomerase operate since it varieties the relatively easy to fix 3′-phosphotyrosyl adduct using the DNA central source with a distinct goal sequence (5′-CCCTT-3′) from which Genetic re-energizing could proceed. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • In a "relaxed" double-helical segment of B-DNA, the two strands twist around the helical axis once every 10.4-10.5 base pairs of sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosome replication is performed by a large multisubunit assembly, known as the replisome, which couples the unpackaging of parental DNA with the synthesis of new daughter strands. (mpg.de)
  • Separation of the two single strands leads to the build-up of superhelical tension, which, if left unresolved, exerts extreme forces in the form of torque that disrupts critical enzymatic events on chromosomes. (mpg.de)
  • Likewise, superhelical tension forms on the daughter strands as a consequence of polymerase synthesis. (mpg.de)
  • PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. (lookformedical.com)
  • Removal of these positive supercoils is essential for replication fork progression and for the overall unlinking of the two duplex DNA strands, as well as for ongoing transcription. (york.ac.uk)
  • The double helix, made up of a pair of DNA strands, has bases in its core that are joined by hydrogen bonds to form base pairs: adenine always paired with thymine and guanine always paired with cytosine. (rainis.pics)
  • After irradiation, fragments (open circular and linearised strands) were observed corresponding to single strand breaks and double strand breaks in DNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These nucleoids contain all the nuclear RNA and DNA but few of the proteins characteristic of chromatin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The way in which DNA is folded determines how the letters are read out, and therefore which proteins are actually made. (feelguide.com)
  • Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins which bind to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • Crucially, the sequence of bases in DNA contains the information for making proteins. (rainis.pics)
  • Early structural studies provided evidence that an octamer of histone proteins wraps DNA around itself in about two turns of a left-handed superhelix. (wikidoc.org)
  • Eukaryotic High-Mobility Group B (HMGB) proteins alter DNA elasticity while facilitating transcription, replication and DNA repair. (shengsci.com)
  • e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (lookformedical.com)
  • The complementary structure immediately suggested to Watson and Crick how DNA could (and does) replicate, and further explains how information from DNA is transferred to RNA for protein synthesis. (rainis.pics)
  • The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • We examined this issue in transient and stable assay systems using a 180-bp synthetic curved DNA with a left-handed superhelical conformation. (soken.ac.jp)
  • Curved DNA structures with a left-handed superhelical conformation can activate eukaryotic transcription. (soken.ac.jp)
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
  • Our current focus area is chromatin remodeling factors, their role in normal development and disease, DNA damage detection and prevention. (roswellpark.org)
  • not, because the chatted about into the Chapter cuatro, DNA when you look at the eucaryotic tissue was packaged to the nucleosomes, being further set up in highest-order chromatin structures. (elsafwany.com)
  • Which interest is required to help the RNA polymerase additionally the general transcription situations inside conquering the situation away from joining to help you DNA that is packed within the chromatin. (elsafwany.com)
  • Because the discussed for the Part cuatro, both type of minerals makes it possible for higher accessibility to the fresh new DNA present in chromatin, and by doing this, it helps the latest system of your own transcription initiation gadgets onto DNA. (elsafwany.com)
  • Eucaryotic RNA polymerases must contend with chromatin design while they circulate together a great DNA layout. (elsafwany.com)
  • The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin [1] , which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). (wikidoc.org)
  • Epigenetics of a tandem DNA repeat: chromatin DNaseI sensitivity and opposite methylation changes in cancers. (shengsci.com)
  • DNA methylation and chromatin DNaseI sensitivity were analyzed in and adjacent to D4Z4 repeat arrays, which consist of 1 to approximately 100 tandem 3.3-kb units at subtelomeric 4q and 10q. (shengsci.com)
  • Over 80% of nucleosomes contain the linker Histone H1, derived from an intronless gene that interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and mediates compaction into higher order chromatin. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • In that study, Sytox Orange (an intercalating dye) was used to induce supercoiling on surface tethered DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The microarray technology is based on the hybridization of labelled DNA or RNA molecules to complementary sequences that are immobilized on a solid substrate. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Principle of DNA MicroarrayThe principle of DNA microarray technology is based on the hybridization of complementary sequences of nucleic acid molecules. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • In an application of this method it is found that HeLa cells contain in addition to closed circular mitochondrial DNA of mean length 4.81 microns, a heterogeneous group of smaller DNA molecules which vary in size from 0.2 to 3.5 microns and a paucidisperse group of multiples of the mitochondrial length. (caltech.edu)
  • Ever since Watson and Crick identified the structure of DNA molecules in 1953, scientists have assumed that the only information contained within each strand is the various combos of G, A, T and C inside the iconic double helix structure. (feelguide.com)
  • Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, can be considered as the information molecules of the cell. (rainis.pics)
  • In this section, we examine the structures of DNA and RNA and how these structures relate to the functions of these molecules. (rainis.pics)
  • The DNA molecules were deposited on a substrate and observed by AFM. (ox.ac.uk)
  • H. influenzae , like many other pathogens, is naturally competent, able to actively transport environmental DNA through its cell membranes and incorporate homologous molecules into its chromosomes. (drexel.edu)
  • Transfection by fragments and superhelical DNA produced 20 to 100 times more recombinants than transfection by fragments and either nicked circular DNA or relaxed closed circular DNA. (cornell.edu)
  • a circular DNA strand assumes this shape to accommodate more or few helical twists. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lobal contortions of a circular DNA, such as the rotation of the figure-eight lobes above, are referred to as writhe. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme can introduce negative superhelical turns into double- stranded circular DNA. (cathdb.info)
  • I. The structure and properties of closed circular duplex DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • I. The binding of the intercalating dye ethidium bromide to closed circular SV 40 DNA causes an unwinding of the duplex structure and a simultaneous and quantitatively equivalent unwinding of the superhelices. (caltech.edu)
  • A buoyant density method for the isolation and detection of closed circular DNA is described. (caltech.edu)
  • The method is based upon the reduced binding of the intercalating dye, ethidium bromide, by closed circular DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • Programmed genome rearrangements in Oxytricha produce transcriptionally active extrachromosomal circular DNA. (shengsci.com)
  • Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is both a driver of eukaryotic genome instability and a product of programmed genome rearrangements, but its extent had not been surveyed in Oxytricha, a ciliate with elaborate DNA elimination and translocation during development. (shengsci.com)
  • In 504 of those squares, the crop was left standing, so as to depict a closed-circular, double-helical DNA of three turns. (aloriaweaver.com)
  • In eukaryotic organisms, nucleosomes function as the most basic unit of chromosome organization directly binding and assembling on DNA to modulate DNA topology, drive compaction, and regulate transcription. (mpg.de)
  • The partition coefficient also increased with increasing ionic strength due to the compaction of the DNA associated with the shielding of the intramolecular electrostatic interactions. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Structural basis of mitochondrial DNA transcription and compaction. (csic.es)
  • The crystal structures of human topoisomerase I comprising the core and carboxyl-terminal domains in covalent and noncovalent complexes with 22-base pair DNA duplexes reveal an enzyme that 'clamps' around essentially B-form DNA. (embl.de)
  • The core domain and the first eight residues of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the enzyme, including the active-site nucleophile tyrosine-723, share significant structural similarity with the bacteriophage family of DNA integrases. (embl.de)
  • The antitumor drug camptothecin (CPT) and its analogs inhibit the rejoining step of the breakage/rejoining reaction, which traps the enzyme in covalent linkage with DNA (the cleavable complex). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • We seek to define the operating principles that guide replisome function and understand how replisomes recognize and process obstacles encountered on parental chromosomes such as DNA lesions, unfavorable topological structures, and architectural factors. (mpg.de)
  • FACT can detect abnormal or alternative DNA structures and convey signal to p53 activation. (roswellpark.org)
  • The theory suggests that mechanical cues within the DNA structures determine how preferentially DNA folds. (feelguide.com)
  • Structures of homopurine-homopyrimidine tract in superhelical DNA. (wikidata.org)
  • Our biochemical analyses showed that TFAM binds to DNA structures, such as G-quadruplexes (Lyonnais et al. (csic.es)
  • It is found in all bacteria and is involved in replication, repair, recombination, and DNA transcription. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • Many topoisomerase enzymes sense supercoiling and either generate or dissipate it as they change DNA topology. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing). (cathdb.info)
  • Structure and mechanism of DNA topoisomerase II. (cathdb.info)
  • This entry represents the C-terminal region of DNA topoisomerase I enzymes from eukaryotes (type IB enzymes). (embl.de)
  • Tse, Y.C., Wang, J.C. E. coli and M. luteus DNA topoisomerase I can catalyze catenation or decatenation of double-stranded DNA rings. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • A unique real regardless of whether topoisomerase action will be managed with the topological condition of the particular DNA, therefore offering the selleckchem system pertaining to ideal chemical in order to very supercoiled Genetic domain names within genomes. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • Topoisomerase I (TOP1) relaxes superhelical DNA through a breakage/rejoining reaction in which the active site tyrosine links covalently to a 3' phosphate at the break site as a transient intermediate. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Many of us infer in which the two superhelical density and transient associates involving vTopo and also the rotating DNA decide the efficiency regarding supercoil rejuvinating. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • When a mixture of superhelical DNA (RFI) of phage phiX174 am3 and fragments of single-stranded DNA from wild-type phiX174 was added to spheroplasts of E. coli carrying an amber suppressor, several percent of the progeny phage were recombinant. (cornell.edu)
  • Surprisingly, these short single-stranded oligonucleotides (ODN) showed a similar gene correction frequency to chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide, measured using the same system. (nih.gov)
  • Unlike Topo IA enzymes, Topo IB enzymes do not require a single-stranded region of DNA or metal ions for their function. (embl.de)
  • Using a simple and rapid procedure we have reconstructed nucleohistone complexes from nucleoids and the 'core' histones without breaking the DNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The superhelical status of the DNA in the reconstructed complexes is indistinguishable from that found in control nucleoids containing core histones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They consist of a dimer of dimers with two copies each of the histones H3, H4, H2A and H2B, that tightly bind and wrap DNA, while leaving long exposed tails available for post-translational modification that can carry epigenetic information. (mpg.de)
  • Due to the highly basic charge of all four core histones, the histone octamer is only stable in the presence of DNA or very high salt concentrations. (wikidoc.org)
  • Reconstruction of complexes of histone and superhelical nuclear DNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have probed the integrity and structure of the reconstructed complexes using a non-destructive fluorometric approach, which provides a general method for detecting agents that bind to DNA and alter its supercoiling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This partial requirement for recA was bypassed by transfection with complexes of RFI AM3 DNA and am+ fragments made in vitro. (cornell.edu)
  • 2019). In these studies we showed that TFAM/DNA complexes multimerize at higher concentrations. (csic.es)
  • We will discuss the mechanism of DNA supercoiling and the role of superhelical stress in DNA structure and function. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • 2017). This protein also bears two HMG-boxes but the mechanism of binding is from one side of the DNA, as a staple. (csic.es)
  • Localization of a gene in the nucleus often plays an important role in its expression and this phenomenon may also have a curved DNA-dependent mechanism. (soken.ac.jp)
  • Brown, P.O., Cozzarelli, N.R. A sign inversion mechanism for enzymatic supercoiling of DNA. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • Molecular modeling and computational analyses suggests that the Sinorhizobium meliloti periplasmic regulator protein ExoR adopts a superhelical fold and is controlled by a unique mechanism of proteolysis. (cuny.edu)
  • The amount of a strand's supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA and regulating access to the genetic code (which strongly affects DNA metabolism and possibly gene expression). (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the length of DNA can be thousands of times that of a cell, packaging this genetic material into the cell or nucleus (in eukaryotes) is a difficult feat. Supercoiling of DNA reduces the space and allows for DNA to be packaged. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the double-helical structure of duplex DNA is advantageous for the storage and maintenance of genetic information, it poses major challenges during essential cellular processes, such as transcription and replication, when the information-rich DNA bases must be accessed. (mpg.de)
  • Introduction DNA microarrays are powerful tools for analysing gene expression patterns, detecting DNA mutations, and identifying genetic variations. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Introduction Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a powerful tool in Genetic Research Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a widely used tool in genetic research for the manipulation and study of DNA. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • We start with DNA, the genetic information in every cell that is copied and passed from generation to generation. (rainis.pics)
  • DNA was discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and identified as genetic material in experiments conducted by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty in the 1940s. (rainis.pics)
  • This sort of factors could be crucial in governing the steady-state superhelical occurrence involving Genetic domain names within the cell.Trial and error findings of the angular distribution regarding tiny droplets during lazer ablation along with deposition regarding 's skinny movies tend to be introduced along with discussed. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA. (cathdb.info)
  • A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • [7] Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble "beads on a string of DNA" under an electron microscope . (wikidoc.org)
  • Adjacent nucleosomes are joined by a stretch of free DNA termed "linker DNA" which varies from 10 - 80 bp in length depending on species and tissue type [10] ). (wikidoc.org)
  • In contrast to most eukaryotic cells mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. (wikidoc.org)
  • The new design to own transcription initiation just discussed was depending by the discovering the experience regarding RNA polymerase II and its own standard transcription situations to the refined DNA themes for the vitro. (elsafwany.com)
  • Because of this, transcription initiation within the an effective eucaryotic telephone is far more complex and needs a whole lot more healthy protein than it does towards the filtered DNA. (elsafwany.com)
  • Here we simply remember that the visibility into DNA becomes necessary for transcription initiation into the an effective eucaryotic phone. (elsafwany.com)
  • Thus, promoters with this kind of curved DNA can adopt a more open structure, facilitating transcription initiation. (soken.ac.jp)
  • The twist is the number of helical turns in the DNA and the writhe is the number of times the double helix crosses over on itself (these are the supercoils). (wikipedia.org)
  • Using this assay, it was found that the DNA sequence encodes for the position of plectonemic supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, DNA supercoils were found to be enriched at the transcription start sites in prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In eukaryotes, DNA supercoiling exists on many levels of both plectonemic and solenoidal supercoils, with the solenoidal supercoiling proving most effective in compacting the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA supercoiling is important for DNA packaging within all cells, and seems to also play a role in gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene duplication occurs through several mechanisms, including chromosomal duplication, retro transposition, and DNA replication errors. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. (nih.gov)
  • Earliest, gene regulatory healthy protein known as transcriptional activators join to particular sequences inside DNA which help to attract RNA polymerase II for the start point away from transcription (Contour six-19). (elsafwany.com)
  • this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control which ensures correct gene expression. (wikidoc.org)
  • However, whether the curved DNA segment can affect localization of a reporter gene is an open question. (soken.ac.jp)
  • To ensure genome integrity, this sophisticated molecular machine must coordinate events over a broad range of time and length scales, from the breaking and reformation of chemical bonds within DNA polymerases to the large-scale structural rearrangements of chromosomes. (mpg.de)
  • Structural polymorphism of homopurine--homopyrimidine sequences: the secondary DNA structure adopted by a d(GA.CT)22 sequence in the presence of zinc ions. (wikidata.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that DNA structural properties, such as curvature, stacking energy, and stress-induced duplex destabilization (SIDD) are useful in promoter prediction, as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain enzymes, such as topoisomerases, change the amount of DNA supercoiling to facilitate functions such as DNA replication and transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • The amount of supercoiling in a given strand is described by a mathematical formula that compares it to a reference state known as "relaxed B-form" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA supercoiling is important for DNA packaging within all cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Supercoiling is an essential process that occurs in all living organisms and is critical for a variety of cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and repair. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA by DNA gyr B is essential in replication which further influences all the metabolic activities. (biomedicineonline.org)
  • Signature of positive selection in mitochondrial DNA in Cetartiodactyla. (harvard.edu)
  • Resolution of superhelical tension is critical to ensure replication fork progression and avoid chromosome damage. (mpg.de)
  • To date, studies of this important problem have been focused on topoisomerases, which are a specialized class of enzymes that can resolve superhelical tension. (mpg.de)
  • Just like the demonstrated into the Chapter 7, these necessary protein join to certain brief sequences into the DNA. (elsafwany.com)
  • Indeed, these additional necessary protein assemblies get get in touch with one another away from the DNA and start to become brought to DNA as preformed subcomplexes. (elsafwany.com)
  • The replication terminator protein of E. coli is a DNA sequence-specific contra-helicase. (wikidata.org)
  • Direct protein - DNA interactions are not spread evenly about the octamer surface but rather located at discrete sites. (wikidoc.org)
  • The body module serves as a scaffold for the four flexible modules that we call DNA-interacting, ATPase, arm and actin-related protein (ARP) modules. (mbexc.de)
  • These types of circumstances typically connect with RNA polymerase just after initiation possess happened that assist polymerases to move from wide selection of other DNA sequences which can be included in genetics. (elsafwany.com)
  • Investigation of radiation damage in DNA by using atomic force microscopy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The noun form "supercoil" is often used when describing DNA topology. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also believe that FACT may be involved in the protection of our genome from DNA damage through the control of DNA topology. (roswellpark.org)
  • Topology and formation of triple-stranded H-DNA. (wikidata.org)
  • The amount of each class of topology enables a quantitative response to be determined for both types of radiation (alpha, X). A value of the radiosensitivity of DNA was obtained as a function of the scavenger concentration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The number of superhelical turns, τ, present in I is calculated at each dye concentration using Fuller and Waring's (1964) estimate of the angle of duplex unwinding per intercalation. (caltech.edu)
  • Sequence-specific recognition of the major groove of DNA by oligodeoxynucleotides via triple helix formation. (wikidata.org)
  • Sequence-specific cleavage of double helical DNA by triple helix formation. (wikidata.org)
  • Today, every biology student knows about the double helix structure of DNA and how G pairs with C and A pairs with T. (rainis.pics)
  • The two helices are denoted helix A and helix B. The packing angle between helix A and helix B is ~24 degrees within a single TPR and generates a right-handed superhelical shape. (embl.de)
  • Two apparently homologous TFAM binding sites, DNA Site-X and Site-Y, similar to and downstream from LSP, unexpectedly show distinct DNA-structure features and TFAM binds to them in opposite directions, imposing again a U-turn (Cuppari el al. (csic.es)
  • The DNA-interacting module binds extra-nucleosomal DNA and is involved in the recognition of promoter DNA elements that influence RSC functionality. (mbexc.de)
  • Transfection of a recA- strain by RFI DNA and fragments yielded 5-10% as many recombinants as transfection of a rec+ strain. (cornell.edu)
  • In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the essential SWI/SNF complex RSC contains 16 subunits, including the ATP-dependent DNA translocase Sth1. (mbexc.de)
  • The race to unravel the structure of DNA was one of the greatest scientific stories of the 20th century. (rainis.pics)
  • If a DNA segment under twist strain is closed into a circle by joining its two ends, and then allowed to move freely, it takes on different shape, such as a figure-eight. (wikipedia.org)
  • This strain is known as superhelical stress. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • These results show that a relatively short ODN can make a sequence-specific change in the target sequence in mammalian cells, at a similar frequency as the chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide. (nih.gov)
  • When CPT-treated cells were lysed with either SDS or alkali and analyzed by Western blotting, greater than 90% of the TOP1 was linked to DNA. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • These results demonstrate that independent of DNA replication, the TOP1 clearable complex is ubiquitinated and destroyed in cells treated with antitumor drugs that block the religation step of the TOP1 reaction. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Alternatively, DNA at different scavenger concentrations was initially exposed to different types of radiations (alpha and X rays) at various doses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The view is from the top through the superhelical axis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Nuclease treatment of the cell lysate to remove the covalently linked DNA from TOP1 revealed a distinct ladder of higher molecular weight bands having properties indicative of multi-ubiquitin (Ub) conjugates of TOP1. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Such as, new intermediary, RNA polymerase II, and many of your own general transcription factors is also join to each and every most other on nucleoplasm and stay delivered to new DNA because the an excellent device. (elsafwany.com)
  • Nucleotides that contain deoxyribose are called deoxyribonucleotides and are the forms found in DNA. (rainis.pics)