Human cytidine deaminaseAdenosine deaminaseAPOBECEnzymeLocalizationProteinsSomatic hypermutationCDNACytosineDeoxycytidineDeaminationProteinMRNAGene familyVitroGenomeActivityExpressionFamilyRolesCriticalActivationBase editorsActivation-induced cCatalyticInhibitorsUracilAPOBEC3BGenePolymorphismAdenosine deaminasesDeamination of cytidineAPOBEC3ProteinsAntibodySerumAntiviralGemcitabineMutagenesisRestrictsMutationsSingle-strandedDeficiency1999NucleotideSequenceHumanPyrimidineInitiatePatientsCancer
Human cytidine deaminase3
- Intracellular localization of human cytidine deaminase. (wikipedia.org)
- The human cytidine deaminase family of APOBEC3s (A3s) plays critical roles in both innate immunity and the development of cancers. (umassmed.edu)
- Hou S, Lee JM, Myint W, Matsuo H, Kurt Yilmaz N, Schiffer CA. Structural basis of substrate specificity in human cytidine deaminase family APOBEC3s. (umassmed.edu)
Adenosine deaminase1
- In this new method, the RNA aptamers engineered in crRNA scaffold recruit their cognate binding proteins fused with cytidine deaminase and adenosine deaminase to Cas9 nickase target sites, leading to multiplexed base-editing. (isaaa.org)
APOBEC2
- One of the more predominant mutational signatures was intimately coupled to the activity of Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, the catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of cytidine deaminases implied in kataegis, a focal hypermutation phenotype, which was observed in 4/8 (50%) cases. (lu.se)
- However, a role for the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases is proposed. (lu.se)
Enzyme3
- Cytidine deaminase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDA gene. (wikipedia.org)
- It is unclear whether intraclonal V gene diversification by somatic hypermutation, which is strictly dependent on the enzyme activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID), is restricted to the early phase of lymphoma clone expansion and later silenced, or whether it remains active throughout malignant proliferation. (bmj.com)
- Pillars Article: Class Switch Recombination and Hypermutation Require Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID), a Potential RNA Editing Enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
Localization1
- In base editors (BEs), the combination of DNA deaminase mutator activity with CRISPR-Cas localization confers the powerful ability to directly convert one target DNA base into another. (nature.com)
Proteins3
- The DYW domain in PPR-DYW proteins provides the cytidine deaminase activity for RNA C-to-U editing and PPR-E+ proteins recruit an atypical PPR-DYW protein to function in RNA editing. (plantae.org)
- Maize PPR-E proteins mediate RNA C-to-U editing in mitochondria by recruiting the trans deaminase PCW1. (plantae.org)
- Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. (antibodies-online.com)
Somatic hypermutation1
- A related activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase (AID) regulates antibody diversification, especially the process of somatic hypermutation. (wikipedia.org)
CDNA1
- Amongst these was a cDNA with homology to the cytidine deaminase (CDD) gene family. (elsevierpure.com)
Cytosine3
- Phylogenetic analysis of the various cytosine nucleoside deaminases suggest that Brugia pahangi CDD evolved with significant divergence from the RNA editing family. (elsevierpure.com)
- The data suggest that the cytosine nucleoside deaminases and RNA editing deaminases have acquired different mechanisms of binding to an AU-rich RNA template, presumably with different functional implications. (elsevierpure.com)
- Here, we reveal sites that permit splitting of DNA cytosine deaminases into two inactive fragments, whose reapproximation reconstitutes activity. (nature.com)
Deoxycytidine1
- The encoded protein forms a homotetramer that catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Deamination2
- In vitro RNA editing assays revealed that MBP-CDD failed to mediate cytidine deamination of a mammalian apoB RNA template. (elsevierpure.com)
- One mechanism of foreign DNA restriction is deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines, which leads to DNA degradation. (antibodies-online.com)
Protein4
- In the absence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein, the host-cell cytidine deaminases APOBEC3F and -3G are co-packaged along with virion RNA. (pasteur.fr)
- Thus, we propose a model for PPR-E protein function in RNA editing in which the PPR-E protein recognizes the target site and recruits the trans cytidine deaminase PCW1 with the assistance of bCCP1 and MORFs. (plantae.org)
- Biochemical analysis demonstrates the MBP-CDD fusion protein functions as an authentic cytidine deaminase with an obligate requirement for zinc. (elsevierpure.com)
- In addition to cytidine deaminase activity, however, the fusion protein demonstrates RNA binding activity with specificity for AU-rich sequences and was found to bind an RNA template spanning the edited site of mammalian apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA. (elsevierpure.com)
MRNA1
- It does not display detectable apoB mRNA editing and has a low intrinsic cytidine deaminase activity. (prosci-inc.com)
Gene family1
- This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. (antibodies-online.com)
Vitro2
- Thus, although HTLV-1 DNA can indeed be edited by at least four APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in vitro, they are conspicuously absent in vivo. (pasteur.fr)
- Fig. 1: Split deaminases show activity in vitro and in cells. (nature.com)
Genome1
- We show that the seBE strategy facilitates robust regulated editing with BE scaffolds containing diverse deaminases, offering a generalizable solution for temporally controlling precision genome editing. (nature.com)
Activity2
- The absence of regulatory control over promiscuous deaminase activity remains a major limitation to accessing the widespread potential of BEs. (nature.com)
- However, other mechanisms are also thought to be involved, as anti-viral effect is not dependent on deaminase activity. (antibodies-online.com)
Expression1
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase displays an alternative co-factor for modulating PIM1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines. (cdc.gov)
Family1
- APOBEC2 belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (prosci-inc.com)
Roles1
- DNA deaminase enzymes play key roles in immunity and have recently been harnessed for their biotechnological applications. (nature.com)
Critical1
- Critical role of activation induced cytidine deaminase in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (southernbiotech.com)
Activation1
- A key player in this process, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), may turn out to be a key tool for fighting specific cancers. (jax.org)
Base editors1
- CRISPR tools, especially Cas9n-sgRNA guided cytidine deaminase base editors such as CRISPR-BEST, have dramatically simplified genetic manipulation of streptomycetes. (dtu.dk)
Activation-induced c6
- A related activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase (AID) regulates antibody diversification, especially the process of somatic hypermutation. (wikipedia.org)
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) converts cytosine into uracil to initiate somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of antibody genes. (nih.gov)
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is indispensable for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells. (rockefeller.edu)
- The transcription elongation complex directs activation-induced cytidine deaminase-mediated DNA deamination (angol nyelven), 2006. (wikipedia.org)
- An activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent mechanism of secondary VH gene rearrangement in preimmune human B cells. (nih.gov)
- DNA is nicked and broken at two selected S-regions by the activity of a series of enzymes, including Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase (AID), uracil DNA glycosylase and apyrimidic/apurinic (AP)-endonucleases . (wikidoc.org)
Catalytic1
Inhibitors2
- Cytidine deaminase binds transition-state analog inhibitors approximately 10(7) times more tightly than corresponding 3,4-dihydro analogs containing a proton in place of the 4-hydroxyl group. (rcsb.org)
- Cedazuridine is in a class of medications called cytidine deaminase inhibitors. (medlineplus.gov)
Uracil2
- UDG depletion sensitizes cells to high APOBEC3B deaminase and to pemetrexed (PEM) and floxuridine (5-FdU), which are toxic to tumor cells through incorporation of uracil and 5-FU into DNA. (nih.gov)
- The ADAR1 gene was found to encode three double-stranded-RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) and a deaminase domain with zinc-binding motifs (Figure 1 ), similar to those of zinc-dependent cytosine deaminases and to the cytosine-to-uracil RNA-editing enzyme APOBEC1. (biomedcentral.com)
APOBEC3B1
- Structural Analysis of the Active Site and DNA Binding of Human Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3B. (umassmed.edu)
Gene3
- Boehm T , 2020 , 'Cytidine deaminase 2 is required for VLRB antibody gene assembly in lampreys. (edu.au)
- 5. High-resolution melting analysis of sequence variations in the cytidine deaminase gene (CDA) in patients with cancer treated with gemcitabine. (nih.gov)
- Thus, the objective of the present study is to discuss the effect of cytidine deaminase (CDA) gene silencing on the apoptosis and proliferation of CML K562 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymorphism3
- 7. Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in Japanese cancer patients: the impact of a cytidine deaminase polymorphism. (nih.gov)
- 14. Letter to the editor: pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: impact of the 79A>C cytidine deaminase polymorphism. (nih.gov)
- Cytidine deaminase polymorphism predicts toxicity of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. (cdc.gov)
Adenosine deaminases3
- Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) were discovered as a result of their ability extensively to deaminate adenosines in any long double-stranded RNA, converting them to inosines. (biomedcentral.com)
- It appears that ADARs evolved from a member of another family, adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs (ADATs), by steps including fusion of two or more double-stranded-RNA binding domains to a common type of zinc-containing adenosine-deaminase domain. (biomedcentral.com)
- Primary structures of ADARs and ADATs (adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs), showing arrangements of dsRNA-binding domains and deaminase domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Deamination of cytidine1
- The encoded protein forms a homotetramer that catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
APOBEC32
- The Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3 Family is Subject to Transcriptional Regulation by p53. (nih.gov)
- Patrick earned his B.S. degree in microbiology and molecular genetics from Michigan State University, where he worked in the laboratory of professor Yong-Hui Zheng on the antiviral function of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in HIV-1. (nih.gov)
Proteins1
- In this new method, the RNA aptamers engineered in crRNA scaffold recruit their cognate binding proteins fused with cytidine deaminase and adenosine deaminase to Cas9 nickase target sites, leading to multiplexed base-editing. (isaaa.org)
Antibody1
- To study the molecular mechanism of AID in these two antibody diversification events, I cloned, expressed and purified the recombinant AID protein from E. coli and showed that it can deaminate cytidines within singlestranded DNA molecules in vitro. (rockefeller.edu)
Serum1
- 11. Determinants of the interindividual variability in serum cytidine deaminase activity of patients with solid tumours. (nih.gov)
Antiviral2
- We thus conclude that 7SL RNA is not an essential mediator of the virion packaging of these antiviral cytidine deaminases. (medscape.com)
- The human cytidine deaminase Apobec3F (h-A3F) a protein linked to the previously recognized antiviral factor Apobec3G (h-A3G) has antiviral activity against individual immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that's suppressed with the viral protein Vif. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Gemcitabine3
- 4. The pharmacological advantage of prolonged dose rate gemcitabine is restricted to patients with variant alleles of cytidine deaminase c.79A>C. (nih.gov)
- 12. FFCD-1004 Clinical Trial: Impact of Cytidine Deaminase Activity on Clinical Outcome in Gemcitabine-Monotherapy Treated Patients. (nih.gov)
- 15. Impact of cytidine deaminase polymorphisms on toxicity after gemcitabine: the question is still ongoing. (nih.gov)
Mutagenesis1
- 2013. An APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern is widespread in human cancers. (nih.gov)
Restricts1
- APOBEC3G (A3G) is a cellular cytidine deaminase that restricts HIV-1 replication by inducing G-to-A hypermutation in viral DNA and by deamination-independent mechanisms. (biongenex.com)
Mutations2
- He said scientists knew the main functions of APOBEC cytidine deaminases were to inactivate viruses that attack the body and prevent ancient viruses present in the human genome from moving around and causing disrupting mutations. (nih.gov)
- There was pronounced intratumor heterogeneity in copy number alterations, translocations, and mutations associated with APOBEC cytidine deaminase activity. (cam.ac.uk)
Single-stranded1
- Crystal structure of APOBEC3A bound to single-stranded DNA reveals structural basis for cytidine deamination and specificity. (umassmed.edu)
Deficiency1
- Cytidine deaminase deficiency reveals new therapeutic opportunities against cancer. (nih.gov)
19991
- En 1999, une audacieuse équipe de scientifiques français a dépoussiéré les manuels d'études du Docteur Coley et Charlie Starnes, éminent chercheur chez Amgen a déclaré, je cite : 'ce que Coley faisait pour les malades du sarcome à l'époque était plus efficace que ce que nous faisons pour ces mêmes malades aujourd'hui' et de rajouter que la toxine de Coley s'avérerait 38 % plus efficace que la plus moderne thérapie actuelle. (come4news.com)
Nucleotide1
- They are converted to 5′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5′-DFCR) by acylamidases, to 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′-DFUR) by cytidine deaminase, and then to 5-FU by pyrimidine nucleotide phosphorylase in vivo which is preferentially localized in the liver, small intestin and tumor tissues. (lexology.com)
Sequence1
- Other ADAR genes in vertebrates and ADAR genes in other organisms were identified either by PCR using primers derived from the deaminase motifs or by sequence homology. (biomedcentral.com)
Human3
- Intracellular localization of human cytidine deaminase. (wikipedia.org)
- Among them, (4R)-1-ribosyl-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-1,3-diazepin-2(7H)-one (3) showed a potent inhibitory effect (K i = 145.97 ± 4.87 nM) against human cytidine deaminase. (korea.ac.kr)
- Structural basis of substrate specificity in human cytidine deaminase family APOBEC3s. (umassmed.edu)
Pyrimidine1
- It is one of several deaminases responsible for maintaining the cellular pyrimidine pool. (wikipedia.org)
Initiate1
Patients3
- Le Docteur Coley élabora dès lors une mixture composée de bactéries mortes, donc moins dangereuses, qui une fois administrée à des patients souffrant de cancers même métastasés, en provoquant de la fièvre, permettait à la maladie de régresser et de repousser parfois considérablement l'échéance de la mort. (come4news.com)
- Une société américaine (MBVax) aurait repris des recherches sur le sujet et on annonce qu'entre 2007 et 2012, 70 patients ont bénéficié de la technique de Coley, La très sérieuse revue scientifique Nature a assuré en 2013 dans un rapport, que les effets avaient été positifs et prometteurs. (come4news.com)
- Il faut savoir, que ces 70 patients étaient en phase terminale et volontaires pour tenter l'expérience. (come4news.com)
Cancer1
- Sans doute était-il plus proche d'elle que de ses autres malades, en tout cas décida-t-il de se rendre plutôt qu'au New-York Cancer Hospital où il exerce, dans les locaux de l'université de Yale, mondialement réputée pour les archives sur nombre de maladies, conservées au sein de sa faculté de médecine. (come4news.com)