• Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein associates with and is regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin E or A. Cyclin E binds G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cdk2 is capable of binding to many different cyclins, including cyclins A, B, E, and possibly C. Recent studies suggest Cdk2 binds preferentially to cyclins A and E, while Cdk1 prefers cyclins A and B. Cdk2 becomes active when a cyclin protein (either A or E) binds at the active site located between the N and C lobes of the kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the location of the active site, partner cyclins interact with both lobes of Cdk2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cdk2 contains an important alpha helix located in the C lobe of the kinase, called the C-helix or the PSTAIRE-helix. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to note that throughout this activation process, cyclins binding to Cdk2 do not undergo any conformational change. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to G1 phase, levels of Cdk4 and Cdk6 increase along with cyclin D. This allows for the partial phosphorylation of Rb, and partial activation of E2F at the beginning of G1 phase, which promotes cyclin E synthesis and increased Cdk2 activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • and 3) to explore the mechanism by which Cdk2 kinase activity regulates Cdc25A protein turnover. (pitt.edu)
  • The results of our studies revealed that Cdc25A protein half-life in non-stressed interphase cells is regulated, in part, by Cdk2 kinase activity, and that Cdk2 does not regulate Cdc25A turnover by affecting several known signal transduction pathways that control Cdc25A protein stability. (pitt.edu)
  • The kinase(s) responsible for phosphorylating these serine residues remain to be identified, although Cdk2 could be one prime candidate. (pitt.edu)
  • Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
  • The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (rcsb.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A is a novel PR coregulator that binds the NTD and acts by phosphorylating steroid receptor coactivator-1 and modulating steroid receptor coactivator-1 interaction with PR. (nih.gov)
  • however, phosphorylation of serine 400 was not required, indicating that JDP-2 and Cdk2/cyclin A act by distinct mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cyclin dependent-kinase 2 (CDK2) plays important functions during the mitotic cell cycle and also facilitates several key events during germ cell development. (lu.se)
  • A better understanding of the CDK2 substrates will help us to gain deeper insight into the functions of this universal kinase. (lu.se)
  • Fig. 2: p38γ compensates for the loss of CDK1 or CDK2. (nature.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a key mediator for EGF-induced cell transformation mediated through the ELK4/c-Fos signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpression or genetic activation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) binding partner cyclin E is a key oncogenic process in several cancers. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In co-immunoprecipitation studies, D-Exo inhibited binding of cyclins A and E to cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in NHMEC, but in MCF-7 cells binding of these cyclins to CDK2 was enhanced. (oldcitypublishing.com)
  • We hypothesize that a dynamic equilibrium between the dominant buried state and an transiently open, kinase-accessible state is present in the p27-cyclin A-CDK2 complex, and aim to test this hypothesis through the use of unbiased molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations. (lu.se)
  • Importantly, CDKs are inhibited by specific cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors. (onkoview.com)
  • This is going to give you a question to ponder in your high-risk, ER-positive patients who are appropriate to consider for adjuvant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, where cells make proteins necessary for mitosis and replicate their DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Assignment of CDK5R2 coding for the cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 2 (NCK5AI protein) to human chromosome band 2q35 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. (nih.gov)
  • The product Assay kit for Goat Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2(CKS2) (ELISA) should be kept between two and eight degrees Celsius to ensure the retention of the stability and reactivity of the reagents included in the kit. (creatinekinases.com)
  • The product Assay kit for Goat Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2(CKS2) (ELISA) is intended to be used for research purposes only. (creatinekinases.com)
  • CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • Mutation of phosphorylation sites within this region of the NTD showed that phosphorylation of serine 400 was required for the partial agonist activity of RU486 stimulated by JDP-2, but was not required for activity of hormone agonist, either in the presence or absence of JDP-2. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that PR bound to RU486 and associated with JDP-2 adopts an active conformation in a subregion of the NTD requiring phosphorylation of serine 400 that is distinct from that promoted by progestin agonists. (nih.gov)
  • This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, also known as Cdk1 in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)
  • Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
  • CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This protein and neuron-specific CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p39NCK5A both share limited similarity to cyclins, and thus may define a distinct family of cyclin-dependent kinase activating proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The Bur1/2 cyclin-dependent kinase regulates transcription of many genes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Assay of the mutants with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4-selective bisanilinopyrimidine shows that the K89T mutation is primarily responsible for the selectivity of this compound. (rcsb.org)
  • Use of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2-selective 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-(4'-sulfamoylanilino)purine (NU6102) shows that K89T has no role in the selectivity, while the remaining three mutations have a cumulative influence. (rcsb.org)
  • Sequence analysis of these genes is being used to identify BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, though these efforts are hampered by the high frequency of variants of unknown clinical significance (VUSs). (jci.org)
  • The significance of this movement is that it brings the side chain of Glu 51, which belongs to a triad of catalytic site residues conserved in all eukaryotic kinases, into the catalytic site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Mitotic cyclins stably associate with CDC2 and function as regulatory subunits. (caslab.com)
  • The antibody is specific to the 2 isoforms of CDC2. (caslab.com)
  • The results indicate that certain residues that are not frequently considered in structure-aided kinase inhibitor design have an important role to play. (rcsb.org)
  • If these residues are inaccessible to kinases, how do they get phosphorylated then? (lu.se)
  • Lundberg, A. S. & Weinberg, R. A. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
  • [ 2 ] Prior to 2021, an "anaplastic" tumor was categorized as Grade III regardless of whether the tumor was an anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, or anaplastic ependymoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Grade was applied across tumor types, regardless of differences in the clinical course and molecular behavior of different anaplastic tumor entities. (medscape.com)
  • Table 2 delineates the possible grades for each specific tumor type described in the 2021 WHO Classification of CNS Tumors. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND: : Inherited mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the p16(INK4a) protein, and in the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) gene confer susceptibility to cutaneous malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
  • This afternoon at 2 pm CET (8 am EDT), Bayer AG will host its Pharmaceuticals R&D Event 2023 for Investors. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • Endocr Connect 2023;12(2):e220411. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our advisers will certainly help you choose the best Bovine Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases 2a ELISA Kit[Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases 2a], Porcine Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases 2a ELISA Kit[Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases 2a], Recombinant Dog Creatine kinase B-type (CKB), Rabbit anti-human creatine kinase, Muscle polyclonal Antibody products nad else and advise you on the best solutions for you and your business. (creatinekinases.com)
  • Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 controls TNF-α translation in LPS-induced hepatitis. (nature.com)
  • Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
  • Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
  • The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Clb5 specificity depends on an interaction between the Clb5 hydrophobic patch and an RXL motif in the substrate. (nature.com)
  • Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
  • Here, we demonstrated that chaetocin dramatically inhibited the proliferation in ESCC cells by causing cycle arrest in the M phase and activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in vitro , and we also found that chaetocin induced the accumulation cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). (aging-us.com)
  • Moreover, the MST1/2 inhibitor XMU-MP-1 not only partially rescued the inhibitory effect chaetocin-induced proliferation, but also rescued the chaetocin-induced apoptosis in ESCC cells. (aging-us.com)
  • JAM3 knockdown induced reactive oxygen species and syncytin 2 expression in trophoblasts. (bioone.org)
  • Functional mutagenesis experiments revealed that a subregion of the NTD (amino acids 323-427) was required for the partial agonist activity of RU486 induced by PR interaction with JDP-2. (nih.gov)
  • Characterization of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Complex Bur1-2 and its Interaction with RPA. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The Epilepsia publication titled, "Long-term treatment with ganaxolone for seizures associated with cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 deficiency disorder: 2-year open-label extension follow-up," can be accessed here . (tmcnet.com)
  • an inherited condition that begins in early childhood and causes seizures and developmental delays) in adults and children 2 years of age and older. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Indeed, statin induced p27(KIP1) expression by downregulation of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which acts as an epigenetic gene silencer. (nih.gov)
  • It is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II. (caslab.com)
  • These data suggest that the Bur1/2 kinase plays a role in telomere elongation separate from its role in transcription of telomerase components. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The success of the cell division process is dependent on the precise regulation of processes at both cellular and tissue levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin dependent kinases are a key family of kinases involved in cell cycle regulation and are an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy. (rcsb.org)
  • Dissecting the role of the Bur1/2 kinase pathway at telomeres will help complete our understanding of the complex network of telomere length regulation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • METHODS: : The entire CDKN2A coding region and exon 2 of the CDK4 gene of an affected member of each of 52 families from southern Sweden with at least two cases of melanoma in first- or second-degree relatives were screened for mutations by use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. (lu.se)
  • Mutations in either BUR1 cyclin-dependent kinase or the associated BUR2 cyclin resulted in short telomeres. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • NVP 2 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive CDK9 inhibitor (IC 50 = 0.5 nM). (rndsystems.com)
  • Jun dimerization protein-2 (JDP-2) is a progesterone receptor (PR) coregulatory protein that acts by inducing structure and transcriptional activity in the disordered amino-terminal domain (NTD) of PR. (nih.gov)