Cronobacter sakazakii. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cronobacter sakazakii, which before 2007 was named Enterobacter sakazakii, is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that can live in very dry places, otherwise known as xerotolerance. (wikipedia.org)
DNA-DNA hybridization showed that E. sakazakii was 53-54% related to species in two different genera, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. (wikipedia.org)
In 1980, John J. Farmer III, proposed the name Enterobacter sakazakii for what had been known as "yellow-pigmented E. cloacae", in honor of Japanese bacteriologist Riichi Sakazaki. (wikipedia.org)
2008). "Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. (wikipedia.org)
Enterobacter sakazakii) are a recently described genus that is comprised of six genomospecies. (nih.gov)
My 40-year history with Cronobacter / Enterobacter sakazakii -lessons learned, myths debunked, and recommendations. (cdc.gov)
Details for: Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. (who.int)
The bacteria designated by the acronym SERMOR-PROVENF (SER = Serratia, MOR = Morganella, PROV = Providencia, EN = Enterobacter, F = freundii for Citrobacter freundii ) have similar, although not identical, chromosomal beta-lactamase genes that are inducible. (medscape.com)
On 20 February 2022 the Food Standards Agency (FSA) published a product recall information notice, which was updated on 22 February for two infant formula products used for special medical purposes, due to concerns of possible contamination with Salmonella Newport and Cronobacter sakazakii (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii). (ashfordstpeters.nhs.uk)

Cronobacter sakazakii, a species of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is known to cause severe and often fatal meningitis and sepsis in young infants. (medscape.com)
Yes, Cronobacter and Salmonella bacteria can be found in unclean baby feeding supplies and in the environment, including unclean counter tops. (healthychildren.org)
Cronobacter bacteria have also been isolated from the respiratory fluids and stools of asymptomatic individuals, suggesting colonization rather than infection. (canada.ca)
Cronobacter bacteria may be detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid from patients with bacteremia or meningitis. (canada.ca)
The batches in question tested negative for Cronobacter and other bacteria and this is an isolated situation. (bigy.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is the same bacteria that caused several infections among infants last year, leading to an FDA investigation of formula maker Abbott Laboratories. (wjtv.com)
ABC News was first to report last summer that several major formula makers other than Abbott had also struggled with contamination concerns, particularly with the bacteria Cronobacter sakazakii -- and that those other formula makers had been warned by regulators for subpar conditions and critical equipment deficiencies at the time. (go.com)
The dangerous Cronobacter sakazakii bacteria is related to germs that can cause meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. (consumernotice.org)
At the time of each inspection, they initiated recalls to remove products potentially contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii - a germ or pathogenic bacteria that can cause illness, primarily among infants - from the marketplace. (fox5atlanta.com)
This class action claims that certain protein drinks, coffees, nutritional shakes, and other supplement products have been recalled because they were contaminated with Cronobacter Sakazakii bacteria. (classactionsreporter.com)
In February 2023, Reckitt voluntarily recalled 145,000 cans of Enfamil ProSobee Baby Formula due to a risk of cross-contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii , a bacteria that can cause severe, life-threatening infections. (schmidtlaw.com)

Most neonatal C. sakazakii infections cases have been associated with the use of powdered infant formula with some strains able to survive in a desiccated state for more than two years. (wikipedia.org)
Over the next decades, E. sakazakii was implicated in scores of cases of meningitis and sepsis among infants, frequently in association with powdered infant formula. (wikipedia.org)
C. sakazakii is ubiquitous in the environment, and most reported infant cases have been attributed to contaminated powdered infant formula (powdered formula) or breast milk that was expressed using contaminated breast pump equipment. (medscape.com)
C. sakazakii infections of PIF to prevent such infections, including appropriate have been epidemiologically linked with contaminated cleaning and sterilization procedures and storage condi- powdered infant formula (PIF), whereas reports of Crono- tions for this heat-resistant organism. (cdc.gov)
Whole genome sequencing analysis was used to link one case of Cronobacter sakazakii infection in a full-term infant to an opened can of powdered infant formula, and another unrelated fatal case in a premature infant to contaminated breast pump equipment. (cdc.gov)
Increased awareness of the widespread presence of Cronobacter in the environment, along with promotion of safe preparation and storage of powdered infant formula, and careful cleaning and sanitization of breast pump equipment, could prevent potentially devastating infections. (cdc.gov)
The company received consumer complaints in infants who had consumed powdered infant formula manufactured in this facility-specifically, three reports of Cronobacter sakazaki i and one report of Salmonella Newport. (foodsafetytech.com)
Cronobacter is a bacterium found in a variety of dried foods, including powdered infant formula, powdered milk and starches. (canada.ca)
Simply Plant-Based Infant Formula due to a possibility of cross-contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii. (bigy.com)
Will 2022 be remembered as the year of Salmonella in chocolate or Cronobacter in infant formula? (foodsafetynews.com)
Last month, Reckitt voluntarily recalled two batches of ProSobee infant formula due to possible Cronobacter sakazakii contamination. (wjtv.com)
Reckitt is recalling 2 batches of Enfamil Simply Plant Based Infant Formula dud to the possibility of cross contamination with Cronobacter Sakazakii. (livingrichwithcoupons.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is not generally a well-known pathogen, but it has been making headlines recently for its connection to powdered infant formula recalls. (rapidmicrobiology.com)
The Perrigo Company issued a voluntary recall of certain lots of the Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powdered Infant Formula in March for the potential presence of Cronobacter sakazakii , a germ that is known to cause severe illness and possible death in infants. (consumernotice.org)
However, the complaint for this class action alleges that it made and sold infant formula products that were contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii and possibly also Salmonella. (classactionsreporter.com)
Cronobacter infections in infants less than 12 months old are often linked to powdered infant formula. (cdc.gov)

The majority of C. sakazakii cases are adults but low-birth-weight preterm neonatal and older infants are at the highest risk. (wikipedia.org)
All Cronobacter species, except C. condimenti, have been linked retrospectively to clinical cases of infection in either adults or infants. (wikipedia.org)
[ 2 , 4-6 ] This report describes two infants with C. sakazakii meningitis reported to CDC in September 2021 and February 2022. (medscape.com)
These cases highlight the importance of expanding awareness about C. sakazakii infections in infants, safe preparation and storage of powdered formula, proper cleaning and sanitizing of breast pump equipment, and using WGS as a tool for C. sakazakii investigations. (medscape.com)
C. sakazakii have bacter infection in infants exclusively fed breast milk are been shown to survive and grow in human breast milk at rare ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Infections caused by Cronobacter sakazakii are rare but can cause severe illness and death in infants. (cdc.gov)
Although Cronobacter infections are rare, they can cause serious and potentially fatal disease, especially in newborns and infants. (canada.ca)
Infants with suspected Cronobacter infection should be monitored for sepsis or meningitis. (canada.ca)
The FDA said their investigation includes four reports of Cronobacter sakazakii infections in infants (three from FDA complaints and one from a CDC case finding) and one complaint of a Salmonella Newport infection in an infant. (kgun9.com)
Cronobacter can be widely found in the environment -- but in infants, it can be deadly. (go.com)
The agency said cronobacter sakazakii, a germ that can be deadly in infants, was detected in the Sturgis plant, but not in the products. (americanexperiment.org)
This week the CDC declared an outbreak of Cronobacter infections over after the FDA received four complaints of Cronobacter infections in infants beginning on September 20, 2021, through January 11, 2022. (marlerblog.com)
As Cronobacter (unlike Salmonella ) is not a "reportable" disease in most states, how many additional cases of Cronobacter in infants have gone unreported? (marlerblog.com)
Getting sick from Cronobacter does not happen often, but infections in infants can be deadly. (cdc.gov)
These infants are most likely to develop meningitis if they get sick from Cronobacter . (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter illness in infants usually starts with a fever and poor feeding, excessive crying, or very low energy. (cdc.gov)
Very few cases of Cronobacter infections have been reported among infants fed only breast milk. (cdc.gov)

In November 2011, several shipments of Kotex tampons were recalled due to a Cronobacter (E. sakazakii) contamination. (wikipedia.org)
however, pulsed-field gel pump probably was colonized with C. sakazakii , lead- electrophoresis revealed indistinguishable isolates from a ing to contamination of the EBM (especially because contaminated breast pump and EBM. (cdc.gov)
A review of the firm's internal records also indicate environmental contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii and the firm's destruction of product due to the presence of Cronobacter ," FDA stated in a CFSAN update. (foodsafetytech.com)
An examination of Abbott Nutrition's internal corporate records also revealed Cronobacter Sakazakii environmental contamination and internal records of the company's destruction of infant products contaminated with Cronobacter Sakazakii. (yourlawyer.com)
Lyons Magnus is recalling nutritional and beverage products due to the potential for microbial contamination, including Cronobacter sakazakii. (livingrichwithcoupons.com)
Environmental monitoring may help identify Cronobacter contamination hotspots and allow targeted control through appropriate sanitation practices, e.g., hygienic zoning, sanitation protocols, hygienic/sanitary equipment design, etc. (vikan.com)
In a press release, Lyons Magnus said Wednesday's recall is voluntary, and it was issued due to the potential for microbial contamination, including from the organisms Cronobacter sakazakii and Clostridium botulinum. (kbzk.com)

Cronobacter is a genus consisting of opportunistic bacterial pathogens that have caused serious human infection. (canada.ca)
Cronobacter are opportunistic pathogens, which cause infections in all age groups. (dundee.ac.uk)

The initial four named species in 2007 were Cronobacter sakazakii (comprising two subspecies), C. turicensis, C. muytjensii and C. dublinensis (comprising three subspecies) plus an unnamed species referred to as Cronobacter genomospecies I. The taxonomy was revised in 2008 to include a fifth named species C. malonaticus, which in 2007 had been regarded as a subspecies of C. sakazakii. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter turicensis sp. (cdc.gov)
Also the Sun scheme Csak O:5 primers failed to identify this serotype in any of the C. sakazakii strains tested, but did recognize seven Cronobacter turicensis strains, which were identified as Ctur O:3 using the M-J scheme. (dundee.ac.uk)

In September 2021, a state public health department reported an infant with C. sakazakii infection to CDC (patient A). In February 2022, a physician reported another case to CDC and a different state health department (patient B). CDC was invited to participate in the investigations and distributed case report forms to obtain detailed feeding information about the two cases. (medscape.com)
Its discovery inside Abbott's Sturgis, Michigan, plant last year prompted a massive voluntary formula recall in February 2022 after four babies who had consumed Abbott's formula contracted a Cronobacter infection. (go.com)
After previous tests had found Cronobacter, FDA investigators say they have found 'significant violations' during inspections ranging from the fall of 2022 through mid-February 2023 inside Reckitt/Mead Johnson, Perrigo and ByHeart facilities, including substandard processes or conditions that could help more pathogens fester. (go.com)
In one instance, a batch of baby formula made by Reckitt in September 2022 tested positive for Cronobacter and was destroyed. (consumernotice.org)

This resulted in the classification of E. sakazakii as a new genus, Cronobacter within the Enterobacteriaceae, initially comprising four named species in 2007. (wikipedia.org)
Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) Standard is used as diluent and nutritive enrichment broth for the resuscitation and growth of a wide variety of microorganisms including Cronobacter , Enterobacteriaceae , Escherichia coli , and Salmonella in all food products, animal feed products, and water samples. (bio-rad.com)

The formulas, all manufactured at one factory in the United States, were recalled after five babies who received the formulas developed Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella newport infections. (healthychildren.org)
How can Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella newport make my baby sick? (healthychildren.org)
All five (four Cronobacter infections and one Salmonella Newport infection) illnesses resulted in hospitalization, and Cronobacter may have contributed to death in two patients," health officials said. (kgun9.com)

Although rare, Cronobacter can cause illness in individuals of all ages. (canada.ca)
The site was closed following consumer complaints related to cronobacter sakazakii, or salmonella illness, from the consumption of baby powders made at the plant. (just-food.com)
In view of what the FDA learned in September 2021 regarding Cronobacter -positive environmental and finished product samples at the Abbott facility, why did it take more than four months for the agency to initiate another inspection after receiving the first of the illness reports? (marlerblog.com)

The first documented isolation of what would become known as Cronobacter sakazakii was from a can of dried milk in 1950, although these organisms have likely existed for millions of years. (wikipedia.org)

The taxonomic relationship between E. sakazakii strains has been studied using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), f-AFLP, automated ribotyping. (wikipedia.org)
WGS* was performed and identified two distinct strains of C. sakazakii (Figure). (medscape.com)
Although five strains of Cronobacter were found in the production plant, none of them was an exact match for the patient samples. (marlerblog.com)
Similarly, the Sun scheme Csak O:6 primers recognized 30 Cronobacter malonaticus O:2 strains identified with the M-J scheme, but failed to identify this serotype in any C. sakazakii strain investigated. (dundee.ac.uk)

Vinay P., Karen C. , Balamurugan K., Rajan K.E. (2021) Cronobacter sakazakii infection in early postnatal rats impaired contextual-associated learning: a putative role of C5a-mediated NF- κβ and ASK1 pathways . (nih.gov)
Why did the FDA inspectors not respond more forcefully to those Cronobacter -positive results when writing up the list of Inspectional Observations at the completion of their September 2021 inspection? (marlerblog.com)

Cronobacter sakazakii is a germ found in the natural environment and can live in dry foods like starches, herbal teas, powdered milk and baby formula, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (wjtv.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a germ found naturally in the environment. (cdc.gov)

Clinical symptoms of Cronobacter infection include necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis, with case fatality rates of 50-80% being reported. (nih.gov)

The ability of Cronobacter to survive in these foods makes it a pathogen of concern in dry food production. (vikan.com)

Allir stofnar Citrobacter braakii, Citrobacter gillenii, Cronobacter sakazakii og E. coli reyndust næmir fyrir öllum sýklalyfjum sem voru prófuð. (skemman.is)

However multilocus sequence typing has shown that the majority of neonatal meningitis cases in the past 30 years, across 6 countries, have been associated with only one genetic lineage of the species Cronobacter sakazakii called 'Sequence Type 4' or 'ST4', and therefore this clone appears to be of greatest concern with infant infections. (wikipedia.org)
According to multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) the genus originated ~40 MYA, and the most clinically significant species, C. sakazakii, was distinguishable ~15-23 MYA. (wikipedia.org)
E. sakazakii was defined as a species in 1980 by JJ Farmer III et al. (wikipedia.org)
However, diverse biogroups within E. sakazakii were described and Farmer et al suggested these may represent different species and required further research for clarification. (wikipedia.org)
In 2012, Cronobacter genomospecies I was formally renamed Cronobacter universalis, and a seventh species was described called Cronobacter condimenti. (wikipedia.org)
In 2007, the genus Cronobacter was created to accommodate the biogroups of E. sakazakii, with C. sakazakii as the type species. (wikipedia.org)
Genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894 and comparative genomic hybridization analysis with other Cronobacter species. (kegg.jp)
All 7 species of Cronobacter are considered capable of causing human infection. (canada.ca)
To this end, we studied 409 Cronobacter isolates representing the seven Cronobacter species using two previously reported molecular serotyping schemes, described here as Mullane-Jarvis (M-J) and Sun schemes. (dundee.ac.uk)
In this report, these findings are summarized and a harmonized molecular-serotyping scheme is proposed which is predicated on the correct identification of Cronobacter species, prior to serotype determination. (dundee.ac.uk)

Patient isolates and environmental samples were sent to CDC, state public health laboratories, and other federal agencies for isolation, identification, and WGS analysis of C. sakazakii . (medscape.com)
C. sakazakii isolates were recovered from both the powdered formula and the water container. (medscape.com)

Cronobacter malonaticus sp. (cdc.gov)

Cronobacter is a ubiquitous bacterium found naturally within the environment that can also survive in low-moisture foods. (vikan.com)

cultures used for testing escherichia coli & cronobacter sakazakii. (tesco.com)

Cronobacter muytjensii sp. (cdc.gov)

According to Perrigo, none of the distributed formulas have tested positive for Cronobacter sakazakii, no "adverse events" have been reported, and no other products made by Perrigo or at the Eau Claire facility are affected. (wjtv.com)

Cronobacter can cause a severe, life-threatening infection called sepsis . (healthychildren.org)
Clinical manifestations of Cronobacter differ based on patient characteristics, and may include signs of systemic infection, sepsis and meningitis. (canada.ca)
Cronobacter germs can cause a dangerous blood infection ( sepsis ). (cdc.gov)

However, let's not lose sight of the fact that the Cronobacter outbreak, subsequent recall and now formula shortage, would not have occurred but for Abbott failing to produce the formula in a manner that would assure the most vulnerable would not be sickened or die. (marlerblog.com)

Con- ronobacter sakazakii neonatal infections can cause sequently, much effort has gone into providing safe severe systemic infection and meningitis, resulting in instructions and guidelines for preparation and storage mortality rates as high as 42% ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Although Cronobacter -related illnesses are rare within the general population, Cronobacter sakazakii (1) has been associated with a number of foodborne outbreaks and can cause serious blood infections in very young babies (or neonates) leading to septicemia, meningitis, and even death. (vikan.com)

[ 1-3 ] Previous investigations of cases and outbreaks have identified C. sakazakii in opened powdered formula, breast pump parts, environmental surfaces in the home, and, rarely, in unopened powdered formula and formula manufacturing facilities. (medscape.com)

Cronobacter infections are rare, but they can be life-threatening in newborns. (cdc.gov)

A lumbar puncture was performed, and C. sakazakii was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (medscape.com)

We report a similar EBM cultures while in hospital were negative for Crono- case of an infant with onset of C. sakazakii clinical men- bacter ) and subsequent infection. (cdc.gov)

Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter dublinensis sp. (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. (cdc.gov)

However, advances in molecular detection and subtyping techniques have significantly improved the identification and characterization of Cronobacter spp. (nih.gov)
To aid the characterization of Cronobacter in foods and environments a harmonized LPS identification scheme for molecular serotyping is needed. (dundee.ac.uk)

Cronobacter sakazakii (pre-cleaned surfaces). (sendiks.com)
Cronobacter can live on surfaces in your home, such as a kitchen counter or sinks, and in water. (cdc.gov)

FDA began onsite inspection at the facility and thus far has found several positive Cronobacter results from environmental samples and reported adverse inspectional observations. (foodsafetytech.com)
Those inspection results include multiple Cronobacter sakazakii positive results on tests performed on environmental specimens gathered by FDA investigators. (yourlawyer.com)

The firm closed the complaint after determining that all batch records were acceptable, that there were no other consumer complaints, and that microbiological testing was negative for Cronobacter . (marlerblog.com)

In a company announcement published on FDA's website , Abbott stated, during testing in our Sturgis, Mich., facility, we found evidence of Cronobacter sakazakii in the plant in non-product contact areas. (foodsafetytech.com)

Health officials announced the new update after another infant tested positive for Cronobacter sakazakii died. (kgun9.com)
The letters describe multiple occasions where the FDA says finished formula tested positive for Cronobacter and instances where the companies had failed to sufficiently investigate the contamination's source and prevent it from happening again. (go.com)
A positive swab may be indicative of the presence of Cronobacter . (vikan.com)

Most Cronobacter infections are caused by consumption of contaminated food. (vikan.com)

Organisms3

Diseases1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Enterobacter9

Bacteria11

Infant formula16

Infants17

Contamination7

Opportunistic2

Turicensis3

20224

Enterobacteriaceae2

Salmonella Newport3

Illness3

Dried milk1

Strains4

20212

Germ found2

Necrotizing enterocolitis1

Pathogen1

Citrobacter1

Species10

Isolates2

Malonaticus sp1

Bacterium found1

Escherichia1

Muytjensii sp1

Formulas1

Sepsis3

Formula shortage1

Severe1

Foodborne1

Opened powdered1

Infections are rare1

Cerebrospinal fluid1

Clinical1

Dublinensis3

Characterization2

Surfaces2

Environmental2

Consumer complaints1

Found1

Positive3

Consumption1