DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureNamed GroupsHealth Care
Contraceptives, Oral, SyntheticMestranolContraceptives, OralNorgestrelContraceptive AgentsContraceptives, Oral, CombinedNorethindroneEthynodiol DiacetateSpermatogenesis-Blocking AgentsEthinyl EstradiolLynestrenolContraceptive Agents, FemaleEthinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel CombinationXanthurenatesContraceptives, Oral, HormonalSpermatocidal AgentsContraceptive Agents, MaleContraceptive DevicesContraceptionPyridoxineMenstruationContraceptive Devices, FemaleContraception BehaviorRiboflavinNutrition DisordersIntrauterine DevicesFamily Planning ServicesCopperDesogestrelLevonorgestrelContraceptives, PostcoitalZincVaccines, ContraceptivePregnancy, UnplannedSterilization, ReproductivePregnancy, UnwantedMedroxyprogesterone AcetateContraception, PostcoitalIntrauterine Devices, CopperNorethynodrelPregnancyAbortion, InducedContraception, ImmunologicNorpregnenesProgestinsContraceptives, Oral, SequentialContraceptives, Postcoital, HormonalSterilization, TubalAndrostenesMenstrual CycleProgesterone CongenersParityIntrauterine Devices, MedicatedHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeContraceptive Devices, MalePregnancy in AdolescenceMenstruation DisturbancesMegestrolContraceptives, Postcoital, SyntheticDrug ImplantsSex EducationOvulation InhibitionMedroxyprogesteroneFertilityCondomsSexual BehaviorNorpregnadienesTransdermal PatchEthisteroneUterine HemorrhageEstradiol CongenersMetrorrhagiaRisk FactorsEstrogensNonoxynolCoitusAbortion ApplicantsAbortion, LegalReproductive Health ServicesAge FactorsMarriageCase-Control Studies
Anti-Infective AgentsOral contraceptive pillsEmergency contraceptiveEthinyl estradiolVaginalPrevalenceEstrogenProgestinGonadotropin-releasiMethodsHumansPregnancyProgesteroneNorplantImplantEfficacyHormonesRegimenPhenytoinFormulationsMedroxyprogesteroneEffectivenessInteractionsThrombosisGingivitisCombination1976ReversibleAntimicrobialMeSHWomenHypertensionGingivalSpermVitaminsMale1975CompoundsDecreasePotentialDrugsAccessPreventSignificantLevelsHealthFertilization
Anti-Infective Agents1
  • Breastfeeding and drug use: what is the orientation found in drug package inserts of contraceptives and anti-infective agents? (bvsalud.org)
Oral contraceptive pills2
  • This is a useful article, but I find it curious that it does not mention potential interactions with oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). (aafp.org)
  • The article cites three published studies, including a 2019 study in African Health Sciences that concluded that "oral contraceptive pills had adverse effects on periodontal health. (dentistryiq.com)
Emergency contraceptive4
  • The questionnaire, which had been pretested among 50 nonparticipants, asked women about their demographic information, sexual history and contraceptive use, and their awareness and knowledge of emergency contraceptive pills. (guttmacher.org)
  • Emergency Contraceptive Pills: The FDA has concluded that certain combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel or levonorgestrel are safe and effective for use as postcoital emergency contraception. (rxlist.com)
  • The chemicals could serve as an emergency contraceptive taken either before or after intercourse, or as a permanent contraceptive via a skin patch or vaginal ring, say researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. (berkeley.edu)
  • Because these two plant compounds block fertilization at very, very low concentrations - about 10 times lower than levels of levonorgestrel in Plan B - they could be a new generation of emergency contraceptive we nicknamed 'molecular condoms,'" said Polina Lishko, an assistant professor of molecular and cell biology, who led the team that discovered the anti-fertility properties of the two chemicals. (berkeley.edu)
Ethinyl estradiol4
  • An oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and a progestin with minimal androgenic activity, such as norgestimate, norethindrone, or desogestrel, should be selected. (medscape.com)
  • Twenty-eight (28) yellow tablets each containing 90 mcg of levonorgestrel (17α)-(-)13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18, 19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, a totally synthetic progestogen, and 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol, (17α)-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol. (rxlist.com)
  • For this reason, combination oral contraceptives, including Enskyce™ (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP), should not be used by women who are over 35 years of age and smoke. (nih.gov)
  • Enskyce™ (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP) provides an oral contraceptive regimen of 21 light orange round tablets each containing 0.15 mg desogestrel (13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol) and 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol (19-nor-17 alpha-pregna-1,3,5 (10)-trien-20-yne-3,17,diol). (nih.gov)
Vaginal1
  • Other pericoital contraceptives include vaginal spermicides (foams, creams, gels, suppositories) and a pH regulator contraceptive gel. (msdmanuals.com)
Prevalence2
  • The overall rate of contraceptive prevalence increased from .9% in 1983 to 6.2% in 1989 and 10% in 1990. (who.int)
  • 3 Because of the high prevalence of CAM use among patients with mental illness, and especially among persons with major depressive disorder, it is important to examine the efficacy and safety evidence of CAM modalities used as either monotherapies or in combination with conventional pharmacological agents to treat depressed mood. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Estrogen5
  • Oral contraceptives containing a combination of estrogen and progestin increase sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and thereby reduce the free testosterone level. (medscape.com)
  • 3 Ketoconazole's interaction is less well documented, but combining that agent with low-estrogen (low-dose) OCPs warrants caution. (aafp.org)
  • According to a 2021 article published in Dimensions of Dental Hygiene , "limited research indicates contraceptive pills and injectable agents raise the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. (dentistryiq.com)
  • A nationwide cohort study in more than 1.1 million Danish children shows that the use of combined estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives in the 6 months before conception or during pregnancy is associated with a small increase in the risk for any type of childhood leukemia, particularly the nonlymphoid types. (medscape.com)
  • The increased risk for leukemias was mainly associated with the use of oral combined contraceptive products containing estrogen, and not with progestin-only contraceptives. (medscape.com)
Progestin2
  • Expected to be available in early 2024, the progestin-only medication, called Opill, "provides an option for consumers to purchase oral contraceptive medicine without a prescription at drug stores, convenience stores and grocery stores, as well as online," according to the FDA's release on the medication . (dentistryiq.com)
  • It has been shown that hormonal medication, including progestin, oral contraceptives, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) are effective in reducing endometriosis-induced pain and decreasing disease recurrence [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Gonadotropin-releasi1
  • This can also be accomplished with progestational agents like medroxyprogesterone, danazol, gestrinone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, as well as other less well-known agents. (laparoscopyhospital.com)
Methods7
  • Diaphragms have never been widely available in West Africa, a region with very low contraceptive use due in part to health system constraints and low demand for other modern methods of contraception. (nih.gov)
  • The Caya diaphragm has the potential to be a valuable addition to the range of contraceptive options, especially in settings with high levels of opposition to other modern methods. (nih.gov)
  • METHODS: Between September and October 2001, a randomly selected sample of female undergraduate students at the University of Benin, Nigeria, were surveyed about their demographic information, sexual history and contraceptive use, and their awareness and knowledge of emergency contraception. (guttmacher.org)
  • The strategy for promoting family planning has included training of personnel, improvement of supervision, regular supply of contraceptive equipment and supplies to health supervision, regular supply of contraceptive equipment and supplies to health centers, diversification of available methods, and addition of secondary family planning posts to improve accessibility. (who.int)
  • Table 2 lists the typical unintended pregnancy rates for users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. (rxlist.com)
  • The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, the IUD, and implants, depend upon the reliability with which they are used. (rxlist.com)
  • Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (MEC), the first edition of which was published in 1996, presents current WHO guidance on the safety of various contraceptive methods for use in the context of spe. (bvsalud.org)
Humans1
  • Discovery of a gene in multiple mammalian species could pave the way for a highly effective, reversible and non-hormonal male contraceptive for humans and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
Pregnancy11
  • Pregnancy must be ruled out before oral contraceptive therapy is started. (medscape.com)
  • The potential of emergency contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy in developed countries has been described, but in Nigeria, the awareness about the method is poor and no study has looked at efficacy. (guttmacher.org)
  • Given increasing adolescent sexual activity and decreasing age at first sex in developing countries, 2 the use of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion is especially important. (guttmacher.org)
  • Among the various forms of contraception, emergency contraceptives are the only one that can be used after sexual intercourse, offering a second chance to prevent unwanted pregnancy. (guttmacher.org)
  • Elevated levels of ovarian hormones, either due to pregnancy or oral contraceptive use, can cause increased levels of gingival inflammation and increase bacterial growth, changing the oral environment. (dentistryiq.com)
  • Unlike a pregnancy, oral contraceptive use can last years or decades. (dentistryiq.com)
  • But while there is a clear link between oral inflammation and hormones during pregnancy, the outcome of taking these hormones in contraceptives is still debated. (dentistryiq.com)
  • Zachariasen RD. The effect of elevated ovarian hormones on periodontal health: oral contraceptives and pregnancy. (dentistryiq.com)
  • LYBREL (levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradol tablets) is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as a method of contraception. (rxlist.com)
  • Oral contraceptives are highly effective for pregnancy prevention. (rxlist.com)
  • Patients should be counseled on options to prevent pregnancy, as well as the potential for drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives. (medscape.com)
Progesterone2
  • Cleveland Clinic points to "when using oral contraceptives" as one of the stages of women's lives during which hormonal changes can make them more susceptible to oral health problems , noting that "Women who take certain oral contraceptives that contain progesterone might experience inflamed gum tissues due to the body's exaggerated reaction to the toxins produced from plaque. (dentistryiq.com)
  • The mechanism of action of progesterone-containing contraceptives is to suppress GnRH. (medscape.com)
Norplant2
  • Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants, manual for clinicians. (who.int)
  • Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants : guide to effective counseling. (who.int)
Implant2
  • Clinical, pharmacological and epidemiological studies on a levonorgestrel implant contraceptive / by Biran Affandi. (who.int)
  • Choice and challenge : global teamwork in developing a contraceptive implant. (who.int)
Efficacy2
  • The Family Planning Association approved list of contraceptives : based on available data on efficacy and acceptability. (who.int)
  • Source: Trussell J. Contraceptive efficacy. (rxlist.com)
Hormones1
  • Earlier versions of contraceptives contained very high doses of hormones compared to present-day formulations, leading some researchers to question if this logic still applies. (dentistryiq.com)
Regimen2
  • Consequently, the new quadruple anti- H. pylori regimen consisting of minocycline combined with metronidazole, bismuth agents, and proton pump inhibitors, is an excellent alternative for patients with amoxicillin allergy or those who are unable to use amoxicillin for various reasons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many patients experience intermittent vomiting and dizziness after starting the new quadruple anti- H. pylori regimen consisting of minocycline combined with metronidazole, bismuth agents, and proton pump inhibitors [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phenytoin2
  • Antiepileptics such as carbamazepine (Tegretol), topiramate (Topamax), and phenytoin (Dilantin) are fairly well known for decreasing contraceptive effectiveness of OCPs, whereas the use of lamotrigine (Lamictal) and an OCP increases metabolism of lamotrigine. (aafp.org)
  • Phenytoin, oral contraceptive agents, and calcium channel blockers may cause gingival hyperplasia. (medscape.com)
Formulations2
  • 1 Kishi H, Kishi T, Williams RH, et al: Deficiency of vitamin B6 in women taking contraceptive formulations, Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol, 1997, 17(2):283-93. (naturalnews.com)
  • A study published in Periodontology 2000 in 2012 says that "there have been far fewer studies to investigate whether modern oral contraceptives have any impact on the periodontium compared to studies of the early contraceptive formulations. (dentistryiq.com)
Medroxyprogesterone2
Effectiveness1
  • But whether or not oral contraceptives contribute to inflammation, there's another reason for patients to tell their dentists if they're taking them, and for dental professionals to seek the information: Certain medications that a dentist might prescribe, including antibiotics, can lower oral contraceptives' effectiveness. (dentistryiq.com)
Interactions2
  • 1 Van Nostrand Reinhold: Oral contraceptives and nutrient interactions, 1988:38. (naturalnews.com)
  • Guidelines for Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV Infected Adults and Adolescents Table 24a-f. provide further information on drug interactions. (medscape.com)
Thrombosis2
  • However, the use of oral contraceptives may be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and metabolic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Voora, D & Vijayan, A 2003, ' Mesenteric vein thrombosis associated with intravaginal contraceptives: A case report and review of the literature ', Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis , vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 105-108. (wustl.edu)
Gingivitis2
  • Using toothpastes containing zinc, with or without an antibacterial agent, seems to help prevent gingivitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It notes ultimately that "following extensive review of the relevant literature and consideration of the historical perspective, the best available evidence strongly supports that oral contraceptives no longer place users at any increased risk for gingivitis or periodontitis. (dentistryiq.com)
Combination3
  • Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination oral contraceptive (COC) use. (nih.gov)
  • Combination oral contraceptives act by suppression of gonadotropins. (nih.gov)
  • These associations seemed to be driven by oral combination contraceptives, the most commonly used hormonal contraceptives today," the authors write. (medscape.com)
19761
  • Prior to 1976, a "contraceptive" was understood to be an agent that prevented the union of a sperm and ovum. (jillstanek.com)
Reversible2
  • Designing a drug to target this protein would also make it easily reversible as a contraceptive. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The external (male) condom is the only reversible male contraceptive method other than withdrawal, which has higher contraceptive failure rates. (msdmanuals.com)
Antimicrobial4
  • To assess the contraceptive properties, antimicrobial activity, and safety of mandelic acid condensation polymer (SAMMA). (nih.gov)
  • Mandelic acid condensation polymer inhibits sperm function, is contraceptive, has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and is highly safe. (nih.gov)
  • Antimicrobial agents can be active against the vaccine strains in the oral typhoid and cholera vaccines and might prevent adequate immune response to these vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • 14 days after administration of antimicrobial agents. (cdc.gov)
MeSH1
  • Antispermatogenic Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Women3
  • This paper intends to analyze the application of contraceptives to women in Costa Rica between 1930 and 1945. (scielo.sa.cr)
  • Women were asked when emergency contraceptives must be used to be effective, which drugs (from a list of eight) can be used as emergency contraceptives and the sources where they obtain their information on emergency contraceptives. (guttmacher.org)
  • For decades, research on contraceptive discontinuation has reported that the key reasons women stop using contraception are stock outs, service delivery issues, and "method-related concerns" - which can include health concerns, side effects, problems of cost or access, or desire for a more effective method. (psi.org)
Hypertension1
  • There is little evidence as to whether the use of oral contraceptives(OC) during the fertile years affects the development of postmenopausal hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
Gingival2
  • Gingival bleeding may occur with the use of anticoagulants and fibrinolytic agents. (medscape.com)
  • Oral contraceptives should not be viewed as a risk factor for gingival or periodontal disease. (dentistryiq.com)
Sperm4
  • The compound inhibits hyaluronidase and acrosin, induces sperm acrosomal loss, and is contraceptive in the rabbit model. (nih.gov)
  • This technology is a potential non-hormonal contraceptive using cyclic peptides to prevent spermatogenesis or the process of generating sperm within the male reproductive organs. (univation.co)
  • Two chemicals found in anti-fertility folk medicines block a key step in fertilization - the meeting of egg and sperm - and may make effective alternatives to today's hormone-based contraceptives, which sometimes cause side effects. (berkeley.edu)
  • When this gene is inactivated or inhibited in males, they make sperm that cannot fertilize an egg, and that's a prime target for male contraceptive development. (sciencedaily.com)
Vitamins1
Male7
  • The available options for male contraceptives are limited. (univation.co)
  • Current research is focused mainly on hormonal male contraceptives. (univation.co)
  • Blockade of GRTH/DDX25 Phosphorylation by Cyclic Peptides Provides an Avenue for Developing a Nonhormonal Male Contraceptive. (univation.co)
  • Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis. (harvard.edu)
  • Specific inhibitors of 17β-HSD3 may have a role in the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia, and also have potential as male anti-fertility agents. (bath.ac.uk)
  • While other molecular targets have been identified for potential male contraceptive development, the Arrdc5 gene is specific to the male testes and found in multiple species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Oatley and study first author Mariana Giassetti have filed a provisional patent for the development of a male contraceptive based on this gene and the protein it encodes. (sciencedaily.com)
19751
  • 1 Rivers JM: Oral contraceptives and ascorbic acid, Am J Clin Nutr, 1975, 28(5):550-4. (naturalnews.com)
Compounds1
  • The compounds are potential emergency contraceptives. (berkeley.edu)
Decrease1
  • The research in Malawi on DMPA-SC suggests that if we try making access to contraceptives more convenient, then discontinuation rates might decrease. (psi.org)
Potential1
  • The NICHD seeks licensees and/or research co-development partners for the development of cyclic peptides or peptidomimetic molecules as potential non-hormonal contraceptives for males. (univation.co)
Drugs2
  • Drugs used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) include metformin (off-label use), spironolactone, eflornithine (topical cream to treat hirsutism), and oral contraceptives. (medscape.com)
  • Oral contraceptives, hormone therapy, some psychotropic drugs, and some cardiovascular agents have been associated with mastalgia. (aafp.org)
Access1
  • 5 As is the case in Kenya, 6 the low levels of contraceptive use among adolescents in Nigeria may reflect inadequate contraceptive knowledge and access, as well as the spontaneity of adolescent sexual activities. (guttmacher.org)
Prevent3
  • Some hormonal contraceptives can also prevent a period altogether. (healthline.com)
  • Also, because the chemicals prevent fertilization, they may be a more acceptable alternative in the eyes of those who object to emergency contraceptives, such as Plan B, that prevent the implantation of a potentially viable fertilized egg. (berkeley.edu)
  • There will be long-acting agents to prevent HIV acquisition as well as combined agents that also function as contraceptives. (hptn.org)
Significant1
  • Significant behavioral changes can be expected for all major contraceptive agents currently under investigation (Garrott 1995). (buffalofieldcampaign.org)
Levels1
Health5
  • It's not fair that some health insurance companies are covering Viagra but my company doesn't cover prescription contraceptives. (ihealthagents.com)
  • It's true that many health insurers started covering Viagra after men began scrambling for this impotency "wonder drug" and yet they don't cover contraceptives. (ihealthagents.com)
  • With the contraceptives' effect on oral health long a topic in dentistry, what do dental professionals need to know in light of this development? (dentistryiq.com)
  • But research on the effect of oral contraceptives on oral health is limited and not yet conclusive. (dentistryiq.com)
  • Improving contraceptive convenience means embracing self-care - individuals promoting and maintaining health, preventing disease, and coping with illness and disability with or without the support of a healthcare provider. (psi.org)
Fertilization2
  • A contraceptive now meant anything that prevented implantation of the blastocyst, which occurs 6 or 7 days after fertilization. (jillstanek.com)
  • The hidden agenda in the ACOG's redefinition of "contraceptive" was to blur the distinction between agent preventing fertilization and those preventing implantation of the week-old embryo. (jillstanek.com)