Chromium isotopes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chromium is the 24th element on the periodic table where it is represented by the chemical symbol Cr. (wanttoknowit.com)
IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report). (radiopaedia.org)
Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. (isotope.one)
All you need to know to answer this question is where chromium is on the periodic table. (chemcafe.net)
All you need to know to answer the question of how many electrons are in Cr-52 is where chromium is on the periodic table. (chemcafe.net)

This element also has two meta states, 45mCr, the more stable one, and 59mCr, the least stable isotope or isomer. (wikipedia.org)
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 52Cr, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. (wikipedia.org)
This isotope is stable and thus has no decay products, so instead we show decay chains that lead down to it. (periodictable.com)
Naturally occurring chromium is found as one of four stable isotopes. (wanttoknowit.com)
The four stable isotopes of chromium are known as 50 Cr , 52 Cr, 53 Cr and 54 Cr. (wanttoknowit.com)
The most stable of these isotopes is 51 Cr, with a half life of 27.7 days. (wanttoknowit.com)
When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes . (isotope.one)
The term stable isotope has a meaning similar to stable nuclide, but is preferably used when speaking of nuclides of a specific element. (isotope.one)
Promethium-145 is the most stable promethium isotope, but the only isotope with practical applications is promethium-147, chemical compounds of which are used in luminous paint , atomic batteries and thickness-measurement devices. (wikipedia.org)
The divalent Be and Ni cations were stable in artificial sweat over time (did not precipitate) whereas hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] ions decayed over time. (cdc.gov)
High-spin levels in the heaviest stable isotope of chromium were observed following the fusion-evaporation reaction C-12(Ca-48, alpha 2n)Cr-54 at a beam energy of 157 MeV, using the GAMMASPHERE and MICROBALL detector arrays. (lu.se)
Cr isotopes are said to be stable and do not go through radioactive decay and hence the system does not function the way radiocarbon dating does that depend on the decay of carbon 14. (elixirofknowledge.com)
The stable isotopes are atoms of the same element that have extra neutrons but need not give off energy or particles to remain in balance. (examplespedia.com)
We will use brachiopod shells as archive and determine trace element ratios, stable (δ 18 O and δ 13 C) as well as traditional and non-tradition isotope systems (δ 11 B, δ 26 Mg, δ 44/40 Ca, clumped isotopes Δ 47 ) in order to gain marine environmental proxy information. (baseline-earth.eu)
Chromium stable isotopes have a wide range of applications in both environmental field and earth science field. (bvsalud.org)
Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. (bvsalud.org)

Cr-51 is a synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium used to label RBCs to facilitate measurement of circulating RBC mass, volume, and survival time. (uc.edu)
The half - life is the parameter indicating the time it takes to disintegrate half of the mass of a radioactive isotope. (examplespedia.com)

The chemical reaction, which can be found in the study and involved manganese oxide handing off oxygens to chromium, would be a little like adding pontoons to chromium compounds. (phys.org)
Chemical reaction that had been discovered in the research, including manganese oxide handing off oxygen to chromium could be somewhat like adding pontoons to chromium compounds. (elixirofknowledge.com)

Scientists have known for 4 decades that a supernova probably occurred approximately 4.5 billion years ago, possibly triggering the birth of the Sun. Their evidence: traces of aluminum 26 and iron 60, two short-lived isotopes found in meteorites but not on Earth. (astronomy.com)
Gross alpha-particle activities and beta-particle activities for all 47 samples were analyzed at 72 hours after sample collection and again at 30 days after sample collection, allowing for the measurement of the activity of short-lived isotopes. (usgs.gov)

Meanwhile, we also provide a description of the main influencing factors controlling Cr isotope fractionation, chromium isotope analytical methods, and terrestrial Cr release. (bvsalud.org)

Variations in 53Cr/52Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial 53Mn/55Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotope systematics must result from in-situ decay of 53Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. (wikipedia.org)
This will be achieved through a combination of methods involving field collections, systematics, SEM ultrastructural analyses and geochemical trace-isotope analyses. (baseline-earth.eu)

Today, researchers test deep rock layer samples for the relation between two chromium isotopes, 52Cr, by far the most common Cr isotope, and 53Cr, to get a read on oxygen presence across geological eras. (phys.org)
Tang's team had portrayed in the lab with a small assortment of organic ligands that reaction of chromium with ligands had led to 53Cr/52Cr signals which had nearly represented those stemming from oxygen-chromium reactions. (elixirofknowledge.com)

ISOLDE's resonant ionisation laser-ion source (RILIS), which provided the first beams of neutron-rich chromium isotopes. (cerncourier.com)

Oxidation of this ore by air in molten alkali gives sodium chromate, Na 2 CrO 4 in which the chromium is in the +6 oxidation state. (webelements.com)
The oxidation number of chromium in chromium hexafluoride is 6 . (webelements.com)
Chromium is a hard, steely-gray or bluish-gray, brittle metal with a lustrous or mirror-like/shiny finish that has a high melting point and is resistant to weathering and oxidation. (knowyourh2o.com)

The hexavalent chromium plume is in the regional aquifer under the Pajarito Plateau, beneath Los Alamos National Laboratory and near the boundary with the Pueblo de San Ildefonso. (krqe.com)
Most commonly, chromium is found in two forms: trivalent (+3) chromium and hexavalent (+6) chromium. (knowyourh2o.com)
Hexavalent chromium occurs naturally, but is also associated with manufacturing and is an industrial contaminant. (knowyourh2o.com)
Hexavalent chromium is more readily bioavailable and is more readily adsorbed by the body, i.e., the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal system. (knowyourh2o.com)
In the USA, there is no specific standard for hexavalent chromium, but in Canada the standard is 0.05 mg/L or 50 ppb for hexavalent chromium, because of concerns related to effects on skin and the respiratory system. (knowyourh2o.com)

Further analysis using speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry revealed that the decay of Cr(VI) was accompanied by the formation of Cr(III) in the sweat model. (cdc.gov)
Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang G, Jia W, Ren Y, Wu Y. Biomarker analysis of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide enantiomers for mid-term internal exposure assessment by isotope dilution ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
Hielscher J, Monien BH, Abraham K, Jessel S, Seidel A, Lampen A. An isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS technique for the human biomonitoring of the internal exposure to glycidol via a valine adduct at the N-terminus of hemoglobin. (cdc.gov)
Determination of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and its major metabolites in urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

In anything other than trace amounts, chromium compounds should be regarded as highly toxic. (webelements.com)
Binary compounds with halogens (known as halides), oxygen (known as oxides), hydrogen (known as hydrides), and other compounds of chromium where known. (webelements.com)
from the Greek word " chroma " meaning " colour ", named for the many coloured compounds known for chromium. (webelements.com)
Isotope effects in the chemistry of atmospheric trace compounds. (mpg.de)

Select an isotope to calculate its radio activity decay. (easycalculation.com)

Magic-number nuclides have filled orbitals that favour spherical shapes, but not so the chromium nuclides weighed by ISOLTRAP, which are deformed.Whereas in some areas of the nuclear chart deformation sets in very suddenly with the addition of a further neutron, the remarkably smooth neutron binding energies of chromium show that deformation sets in very gradually - contrary to previous conclusions. (cerncourier.com)

The solid state structure of chromium is: bcc (body-centred cubic). (webelements.com)

Here's roughly how the chromium isotope system works, followed by how organic ligands could make for false positives. (phys.org)
The chromium isotope system tends to work thus followed by how organic ligands tend to make for false positives - The Earth, a massive chemical laboratory performing reactions in conditions tend to differ from arctic cold to volcanic heat, thus from crushing ocean depths to no-pressure upper atmospheres. (elixirofknowledge.com)

These were rich in elements, particularly vanadium and chromium -which eventually give the garnet crystals their green colour. (sciencedaily.com)
Chromium, iron, selenium, and vanadium were detected in 24 or more of the 47 source-water samples. (usgs.gov)

There have also been 22 radioactive (unstable) isotopes of chromium discovered and all of these have been synthetically created. (wanttoknowit.com)
The remaining unstable isotopes have half lives of less than 1 day, and most are actually shorter than 1 minute. (wanttoknowit.com)
The most unstable isotope of chromium is 66 Cr with a half life of just 10 milliseconds. (wanttoknowit.com)
It is likely that most unstable isotopes of chromium will be discovered in the future. (wanttoknowit.com)
It's a chromium isotope - a particularly unstable chromium isotope. (theregister.com)

The ground state electronic configuration of neutral chromium is [ Ar ]. (webelements.com)
Therefore, all neutral chromium atoms, regardless of mass number, contain not only 24 protons in their nuclei, but also 24 electrons in their electron clouds. (chemcafe.net)

Isotopes are atomic species of the same chemical element (and therefore with the same atomic number (Z) or number of protons ) which differ with respect to their number of neutrons . (radiopaedia.org)
Therefore each isotope of an element has a different mass number (A), which is the simple summation of the number of protons and neutrons. (radiopaedia.org)
For example, the element carbon has six protons and its commonest isotope on earth has six neutrons, resulting in a mass number of 12 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
Of particular interest to nuclear physics are isotopes with a large excess of neutrons. (cerncourier.com)
An isotope is any atom with a different number of neutrons than protons. (chemcafe.net)
Isotopes are identified by their mass, which is the total number of protons and neutrons. (chemcafe.net)
Whether you are trying to understand the basics of isotopes or searching for answers to specific questions, understanding the number of protons and neutrons in different elements can help. (chemcafe.net)
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. (chemcafe.net)
In isotopes, these give the atom a greater atomic mass (A), a property that is calculated with protons and neutrons. (examplespedia.com)

Chromium atoms have 24 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.13.1. (webelements.com)
This means that all chromium atoms have 24 protons in their nuclei. (chemcafe.net)

Chromium has 24 protons, situating it squarely between magic calcium (with 20 protons) and nickel (with 28). (cerncourier.com)

Chromium isotopic contents are typically combined with manganese isotopic contents and have found application in isotope geology. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists formerly believed that chromium 54 and other elements and their isotopic variations became evenly spread throughout the cloud of gas and dust that collapsed to form the solar system. (astronomy.com)
The unusual mineralogy and chemistry of E chondrites is consistent with formation relatively close to the Sun. This is further supported by isotope measurements (verified for oxygen, nitrogen, ruthenium, chromium and titanium): E chondrites are the only groups of chondrites that have the same isotopic composition as the Earth and Moon system. (eso.org)

Emerald is a form of beryl (a beryllium aluminium silicate) which is green because of the inclusion of a little chromium into the beryl crytal lattice in place of some of the aluminium ions. (webelements.com)
Similarly, traces of chromium incorporated into the crystal lattice of corundum (crystalline aluminium oxide, Al 2 O 3 ) as a replacement for some of the Al 3+ ions results in another highly coloured gem stone, in this case the red ruby. (webelements.com)
However, it was suggested that a so-called specific difference between the hyperfine splittings in hydrogen-like and lithium-like ions of the same isotope can be used to cancel nuclear structure effects and provide an accurate test of QED [Shabaev et al. (fnal.gov)
Beryllium metal (Be), nickel metal (Ni), and chromium carbide (Cr3C2) particles were characterized and masses of sensitizing ions were measured using established reactant-assisted digestion procedures and extraction in artificial sweat under physiologically relevant conditions. (cdc.gov)
Chromium ions released into artificial sweat were speciated to understand valence states. (cdc.gov)
In the NexION ICP-MS, ions then pass through a focusing region, the Universal Cell (UCT), the quadrupole mass filter, and finally are counted in rapid sequence at the detector allowing individual isotopes of an element to be determined. (cdc.gov)

The same isotope is preferentially involved in certain leaching reactions, thereby allowing its abundance in seawater sediments to be used as a proxy for atmospheric oxygen concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Without a dominant oxygen presence, ligands likely made a great reactive substitute, as the researchers demonstrated in reactions with chromium. (phys.org)
And like reactions with oxygen, reactions with ligands enable metals like chromium to move around more easily in the world. (phys.org)
Similar to reactions with oxygen, reactions with ligands permits metals such as chromium to move around with ease in the world. (elixirofknowledge.com)

Mn-Cr isotope ratios reinforce the evidence from 26Al and 107Pd for the early history of the Solar System. (wikipedia.org)
The ε54Cr and ε48Ca (ε expresses parts per ten thousand mass-independent isotope deviation) data for ungrouped chondrites also provide important constraints for assessing their relationships to the known chondrite groups, and the radiogenic Mg isotope ratios (μ26Mg*) can be used to track the early solar system history. (ku.dk)

More than a mile underground in the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in Russia's Caucasus Mountains, BEST used 26 irradiated disks of chromium 51 to irradiate an inner and outer tank of gallium, a soft, silvery metal also used in previous experiments, though previously in a one-tank set-up. (scitechdaily.com)
The reaction between the electron neutrinos from the chromium 51 and the gallium produces the isotope germanium 71. (scitechdaily.com)
A set of 26 irradiated disks of chromium 51 are the source of electron neutrinos that react with gallium and produce germanium 71 at rates that can be measured against predicted rates. (scitechdaily.com)

The radioactive isotopes are altered over time, emitting radiation in the form of alpha rays (helium nuclei), beta rays (electrons or positrons energy and speed) or gamma (high frequency energy of the electromagnetic spectrum). (examplespedia.com)

The researchers found a hint of an excess of the chromium-54 isotope in their first session, but as luck would have it, they had to search 1,500 microscopic grains of the Orgueil and Murchison meteorites before finding just one with definitely high levels. (astronomy.com)

On a global level, the chromium isotope system is still a great indicator of atmospheric oxygen levels through the ages," Tang said. (phys.org)
And characteristics of chromium deposits in ancient layers of rock became a great indicator of how much O2 was in the atmosphere. (phys.org)
Tang had commented that on a global level, the chromium isotope system is yet a great indicator of atmospheric oxygen levels through the ages and the issue exposed in the lab tends to be more local with isolated samples, particularly during eras when there was not much atmospheric oxygen. (elixirofknowledge.com)
Characteristics of chromium deposits in ancient layers of rock had become a great indicator of how much O2 was in the atmosphere. (elixirofknowledge.com)

Chromium is an essential trace element and has a role in glucose metabolism. (webelements.com)
Isotope and trace element variations in lavas from Raivavae and Rapa, Cook-Austral islands: constraints on the nature of HIMU- and EM-mantle and the origin of mid-plate volcanism in French Polynesia. (mpg.de)

So the recent chromium measurements are constructive and important for advancing this promising technique, which bridges the gap between first-principle calculations and the structure of nuclei at the extremes of the nuclear landscape. (cerncourier.com)

When alloyed with aluminum, magnesium and chromium, it acts to strengthen those metals. (purdue.edu)

Chromium +6 has been released to the environment through improper and inadequate contaminant and poor waste-disposal practices. (knowyourh2o.com)
The EPA drinking water standards for total chromium is set at a maximum contaminant level or MCL of 0.1 mg/L or 100 ppb. (knowyourh2o.com)
Chromium isotope tracing of contaminant sources is a new application method, it has a tremendous advantage in searching for the source of Cr pollution, which has not been covered in previous reviews. (bvsalud.org)

Ryugu also contains chromium, calcium and oxygen isotopes that indicate it preserved the most primitive source of materials from the protosolar nebular," according to the report, led by Professor Eizo Nakamura of Okayama University's Institute for Planetary Material. (courthousenews.com)

For example, different isotopes of carbon can be used to measure the age of organic material. (chemcafe.net)

By analysing the isotopes of chromium in iron-rich sediments formed in the ancient oceans, the team has found that a rise in atmospheric oxygen levels 580 million years ago was closely followed by the evolution of animal life. (eurekalert.org)

Common molecules called ligands can bias the results of a popular chemical tracer called the chromium (Cr) isotope system, which is used to test sedimentary rock layers for clues about atmospheric oxygen levels during the epoch when the rock formed. (phys.org)
They were more apt to match oxygen's mobility effect on chromium that made it end up as the signals in sedimentary rock that scientists, today, look for as a sign of ancient atmospheric oxygen. (phys.org)

Under the agreement, BARDA will provide funding and expertise for a clinical trial to validate biotin, a naturally occurring vitamin, as a safe and effective option to replace chromium 51 (Cr-51) as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) current "gold standard" labeling method for measurement of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). (uc.edu)
Trivalent chromium is the form that is found naturally in our food supply and is biologically active and is very water soluble but is poorly absorbed by the human body. (knowyourh2o.com)

The nearly 160,000 pounds of chromium comes from a non-nuclear power plant at Los Alamos National Laboratory. (krqe.com)
Some isotopes are used to produce nuclear energy. (examplespedia.com)

An isotope of yttrium, Y90, is used in needles for certain surgical procedures. (purdue.edu)

The masses of the newly forged chromium isotopes, as measured by ISOLDE's precision Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP, offer insights into its shape and structure. (cerncourier.com)

In this study, we present high-precision mass-independent Cr, Ca and Mg isotope data for 17 ungrouped chondrites. (ku.dk)

Distinctive chromium isotope signals occur when continental rocks are altered and weathered as a result of oxygen levels rising in the atmosphere. (eurekalert.org)

This operation to clean up the chromium began in 2018. (krqe.com)

On the strength of their previous discoveries about other gemstones, the researchers applied this isotope analysis method to green garnet. (sciencedaily.com)
Ligands, deprived of a dominant oxygen presence tend to make a great reactive substitute as demonstrated by the researchers in reaction with chromium. (elixirofknowledge.com)

If available, isotope studies can measure zinc status more accurately. (msdmanuals.com)

SHORT DESCRIPTION This PhD project generates a Phanerozoic marine Mg isotope record, based on the analysis of δ 26 Mg values in calcitic shells of modern and fossil brachiopods. (baseline-earth.eu)

How Do Isotope Fingerprints Support Forensic Investigations? (spectroscopyonline.com)

Chromium isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's Kondev, F. G. (wikipedia.org)
Click any isotope in diagram to see its data. (periodictable.com)

Note: In the 1960s, chromium deficiency was linked to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which indicates the body was not properly managing blood sugar levels. (knowyourh2o.com)

Then place the solution in a mass spectrometer, which determines how much chromium 53 and how much chromium 52 is in the sample. (phys.org)
This means that different isotopes of the same element can have different mass numbers. (chemcafe.net)
This is the chromium isotope with the mass number of 52, or Cr-52. (chemcafe.net)

Chromium 51 is a synthetic radioisotope of chromium and the 3.4 megacurie source of electron neutrinos. (scitechdaily.com)

Hoxworth Blood Center will conduct pre-clinical and clinical trials to compare Biotinylation to Chromium-51 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a non-radioactive alternative labeling method to assess blood products. (uc.edu)

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Periodic Table5

Stable16

Radioactive isotope2

Pontoons to chromium compounds2

Short-lived isotopes2

Fractionation1

Systematics2

52Cr2

Neutron-rich1

Oxidation3

Hexavalent5

Dilution4

Compounds4

Decay1

Energies of chromium1

Structure of chromium1

Followed by how organic ligands2

Vanadium2

Unstable5

Neutral chromium2

Neutrons9

Atoms2

Protons1

Isotopic3

Ions6

Reactions4

Ratios2

Gallium3

Electrons1

Meteorites1

Great indicator4

Trace element2

Measurements1

Metals1

Contaminant3

Calcium1

Carbon1

Sediments1

Atmospheric2

Naturally2

Nuclear2

Yttrium1

Masses1

Chondrites1

Oxygen levels1

20181

Researchers2

Zinc1

Phanerozoic1

Investigations1

Data2

Deficiency1

Mass3

Synthetic1

Evaluate1