• Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)
  • Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)
  • The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
  • Detailed signaling pathway has not yet been established, but may include the same enzymes that were identified in the signaling cascade induced by other chemokine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • ELR-positive C-X-C chemokines specifically induce the migration of neutrophils, and interact with chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. (immunochemistry.com)
  • To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
  • The blockade of Th1 chemokine receptors using TAK-779, a dual blocker for CXCR3 and CCR5, demonstrated reduced numbers of CXCR3 + CD4 + and CCR5 + CD4 + T cells in BALF. (ersjournals.com)
  • Increased TME NK and CD8 + T-cell numbers correlated with augmented chemokine ligands and receptors. (bmj.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
  • This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
  • Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), also commonly known as monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family and is closely related to two other ELR-negative CXC chemokines: CXCL10 and CXCL11. (immunochemistry.com)
  • The cDNA microarray assay demonstrated that the gene expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10, ligands for CXCR3, and of CCL4, a ligand for CCR5, was strongly up-regulated during the granulomatosis. (ersjournals.com)
  • These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Neutrophilia and higher CCL2 and CXCL9 levels are also associated with higher mortality, while independent of age. (wustl.edu)
  • CXCR3-A binds to the CXC chemokines CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) whereas CXCR3-B can also bind to CXCL4 in addition to CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 to CXCR3 is able to elicit increases in intracellular Ca2++ levels and activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are commonly produced by local cells in inflammatory lesion, suggesting that CXCR3 and its chemokines participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ectopic expressions of CXC chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13), interleukins (IL-1/2/4/6/10/12/17/22/23), IFN- γ, and TNF- α occur in the minor salivary glands of SS patients as compared to healthy individuals [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a Gαi protein-coupled receptor in the CXC chemokine receptor family. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are three isoforms of CXCR3 in humans: CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B and chemokine receptor 3-alternative (CXCR3-alt). (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding of chemokines to CXCR3 induces various cellular responses, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Induced by IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), the ELR-negative chemokine CXCL9 (MIG) elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. (genome.jp)
  • CXCL9 (MIG) is a T-cell chemoattractant. (immunochemistry.com)
  • C-X-C chemokines that lack the ELR motif are chemoattractant for lymphocytes. (immunochemistry.com)
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • Upon vaccination with the LAV, IMs expressed T cell chemoattractant CXCL9 that attracted CD4+ T cells to the foci of infection, where IMs also served as a potent source of antigen presentation and Th1-promoting cytokine IL-12. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. (biolegend.com)
  • DESIGN: Flow cytometry of fresh blood and multiplexed inflammatory chemokine measurements of sera were performed on samples collected longitudinally from our cohort. (wustl.edu)
  • Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)
  • Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)
  • Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)
  • In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival. (genome.jp)
  • Furthermore, we assessed the expression of chemokines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array in tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of these mice and MC38 cells cultured in different glucose concentrations. (nature.com)
  • mRNA expression levels of CXCL9, a chemokine recruiting CD8 + T cells, were lower in dLNs of STZ-mice than in normoglycemic mice after PD-1-Ab treatment, and its protein was expressed in DCs. (nature.com)
  • In MC38 cells cultured with 25 mM glucose, mRNA expression of CCL7, a chemokine recruiting DCs, was decreased compared to cells cultured with 5 mM glucose. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)
  • Foremost, N-809 enhances intratumoral lymphocyte numbers by increasing trafficking via altered chemokine levels in the TME and chemokine receptor expression on CD8 + T cells and NK cells. (bmj.com)
  • Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Pharmacological inhibitor studies confirmed an oxidant/MAPK/NFkb dependent pro-inflammatory response (gene and protein expression of CXCL9, 10, 11, TNF-a, IL-6) in mice and in in vitro exposed macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • We assessed cardiac response in two experimental models of CKD and tested macrophage and chemokine implication in monocytopenic CCR2 −/− and anti-CXCL10 treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It mainly acts on biological processes such as inflammatory response, chemokine metabolic process, and immune response as well as pathways such as FoxO signaling pathway, Yersinia infection, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Chemokines contain several (usually four) cysteines in conserved positions. (biolegend.com)
  • These cysteines provide tertiary structure for the chemokine through disulfide bonds. (biolegend.com)
  • The spacing between the first two cysteines determines the type of chemokine. (biolegend.com)
  • CXCL9-10-11 have been recognized to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in two pilot studies, suggesting an underlining correlation between levels of the interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a consequence of chemokine-induced cellular desensitization (phosphorylation-dependent receptor internalization), cellular responses are typically rapid and short in duration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The targeted inhibition of Th1 chemokines might be useful for inhibiting Th1-biased granulomatous diseases including sarcoidosis. (ersjournals.com)
  • Pharmacological inhibition confirmed a C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-mediated pathway involvement in the CBox toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Human CXCL9 Recombinant Protein is purified CXCL9 (MIG) produced in yeast. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Bulk Order Inquiry for Recombinant Human CXCL9 (MIG) ------- (please add any order requirements, including desired quantity, timing, etc. (immunochemistry.com)
  • The human CXCL9/MIG protein can be used in cell culture, as a CXCL9/MIG ELISA Standard, and as a Western Blot Control. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Methods Circulating (n = 179) and hepatic expression (n = 95) of ghrelin and LEAP-2 were measured in patients with severe obesity and available liver pathology analysis undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). (unav.edu)
  • Myocardial chemokine expression and intensity of myocarditis in Chagas cardiomyopathy are controlled by polymorphisms in CXCL9 and CXCL10. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemokines are also involved in the orchestration of wound healing. (biolegend.com)
  • Chemokines such as CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL9 may inhibit cancer development. (thomasnet.com)
  • mRNA expression of the chemokines CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL17, CCL19 and their receptors was upregulated in CCC myocardium. (nih.gov)
  • CXCR3-A binds to the CXC chemokines CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) whereas CXCR3-B can also bind to CXCL4 in addition to CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 to CXCR3 is able to elicit increases in intracellular Ca2++ levels and activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are commonly produced by local cells in inflammatory lesion, suggesting that CXCR3 and its chemokines participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3. Interleukin-27 and IFNγ regulate the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in hepatitis. (nih.gov)
  • Chemokines such as CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL9 may inhibit cancer development. (thomasnet.com)
  • The chemokine interferon-γ inducible protein 10 kDa (CXCL10) is a member of the CXC chemokine family which binds to the CXCR3 receptor to exert its biological effects. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CXCL10 is an ELR-negative CXC chemokine that attenuates angiogenesis and has anti-tumor actions ( 21 - 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Sputum samples were analyzed for total cell counts and differentials, and concentrations of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10, CXCL10), monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig, CXCL9), IFN-inducible T cell a chemoattractant (I-TAC, CXCL11), and IL-8 in the supernatants were assayed by ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beyond this, atypical chemokine receptors also exist and most act as decoy receptors that compete for ligand binding but are unable to deliver normal chemokine receptor signals. (frontiersin.org)
  • The chemokine receptor associated color code is conserved between Figures 1 , 2 . (frontiersin.org)
  • Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a Gαi protein-coupled receptor in the CXC chemokine receptor family. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are three isoforms of CXCR3 in humans: CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B and chemokine receptor 3-alternative (CXCR3-alt). (wikipedia.org)
  • As a consequence of chemokine-induced cellular desensitization (phosphorylation-dependent receptor internalization), cellular responses are typically rapid and short in duration. (wikipedia.org)
  • This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
  • 1. Antifibrotic effects of CXCL9 and its receptor CXCR3 in livers of mice and humans. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Serum chemokine receptor CXCR3 ligands are associated with progression, organ dysfunction and complications of chronic liver diseases. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions provide a mechanism for selective T cell recruitment to specific liver compartments within hepatitis C-infected liver. (nih.gov)
  • 15. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 and Its CXCR3 Receptor Are the Salt and Pepper for T Cells Trafficking in a Mouse Model of Gaucher Disease. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Novel role of the CXC chemokine receptor 3 in inflammatory response to arterial injury: involvement of mTORC1. (nih.gov)
  • Polymorphisms in the genes encoding chemokine receptor 5, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contribute to cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (snpedia.com)
  • Most receptors usually bind to more than one chemokine, and most chemokines usually bind to more than one receptor. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We selected most pathways CCL16 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
  • An INTEFERON-inducible CXC chemokine that is specific for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pharmacological inhibition confirmed a C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-mediated pathway involvement in the CBox toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • CXCR2 was associated with poor OS in TP53m serous OC, while CXCL9, CCL5, CXCR4, CXCL11, and CXCL13 were associated with better OS. (nih.gov)
  • Because chemokine network is involved in OC progression, we evaluated associations between chemokine expression and survival in tumor suppressor protein p53 (TP53) wild-type (TP53WT) and mutant (TP53m) OC datasets. (nih.gov)
  • Pharmacological inhibitor studies confirmed an oxidant/MAPK/NFkb dependent pro-inflammatory response (gene and protein expression of CXCL9, 10, 11, TNF-a, IL-6) in mice and in in vitro exposed macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • The encoded protein binds to C-X-C motif chemokine 3 and is a chemoattractant for lymphocytes but not for neutrophils. (nih.gov)
  • Using confocal immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, we studied cell surface staining and gene expression of the CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8 receptors and their chemokine ligands in myocardial samples from end-stage CCC patients. (nih.gov)
  • CXCL9 mRNA expression directly correlated with the intensity of myocarditis, as well as with mRNA expression of CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8 and their ligands. (nih.gov)
  • Chemokine receptors and their corresponding ligands. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the CXC chemokine superfamily induced by IFN-γ, namely CXCR3 ligands, in the airways of patients with asthma stratified by the differential proportion of granulocytes in sputum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are guided into the tumor through interactions between chemokines and their receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • A variety of chemokine receptors are expressed on the surface of both tumor and immune cells rendering them sensitive to multiple stimuli that can subsequently influence their migration and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, particular chemokine receptors expressed on tumor and immune cells are strongly associated with patient prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, potential targeting of chemokine receptors is highly attractive as a means to quench or eliminate unconstrained tumor cell growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immune cells are guided from the circulation to the tumor microenvironment by an evolutionarily conserved and sophisticated system in the form of the chemokine network. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, overexpression of chemokine receptors on cancer cells facilitates tumor dissemination. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chemokine receptors (red) influence melanoma tumor cell migration/invasion or immune cell trafficking to the tumor lesions. (frontiersin.org)
  • At tumor sites, monocytes differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages capable of inducing growth factors, proteases, angiogenic mediators, and cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6, and chemokines. (thomasnet.com)
  • Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from Camkk2 −/− mice expressed higher levels of chemokines involved in the recruitment of effector T cells compared to WT. (nature.com)
  • CCL3 in Cancers Chemokine receptors are expressed on APCs and are promising targets for idiotype (Id) vaccines, the V antigenic determinants region produced by B lymphomas and multiple myelomas. (medscape.com)
  • These CXC chemokines are preferentially expressed on Th1 lymphocytes ( 6 , 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFNγ) can induce the secretion of CXCL9/10/11 in primary granulosa cells, and further promote the migration of T lymphocytes into the follicle by binding to CXCR3, thereby perpetuating an inflammatory cascade in the follicular microenvironment [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concentrations of cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine, eotaxin, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-16, and stem cell factor are significantly higher in COPD patients compared with in control patients. (dovepress.com)
  • We also analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms for genes encoding the most highly expressed chemokines and receptors in a cohort of Chagas disease patients. (nih.gov)
  • Polymorphisms of key chemokine genes and survival of non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese. (cdc.gov)
  • Many chemokines are constantly expressed and participate in the maintenance of tissue integrity, while some chemokines are transiently overexpressed or specifically induced in certain conditions (i.e., during inflammatory processes) where they are involved in critical biological functions (i.e., immune cell migration, tissue repair, cell proliferation and angiogenesis) ( 10 , 13 , 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • MIS-C with high CXCL9 levels was associated with acute kidney injury, altered mental status, a higher frequency of shock (40 vs 90%), myocardial dysfunction (20 vs 50%), and more severe systemic inflammatory markers, cytopenia, and coagulopathy. (ssrn.com)
  • We hypothesized that TLS-associated inflammatory gene signatures are present in AIN and performed NanoString-based gene expression and multiplex 12-chemokine profiling on paired kidney tissue, urine and plasma specimens of 36 participants who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) on ICI therapy: AIN (18), acute tubular necrosis (9), or HTN nephrosclerosis (9). (jci.org)
  • DESIGN: Flow cytometry of fresh blood and multiplexed inflammatory chemokine measurements of sera were performed on samples collected longitudinally from our cohort. (wustl.edu)
  • CXCL9-10-11 have been recognized to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in two pilot studies, suggesting an underlining correlation between levels of the interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5. Progression of autoimmune hepatitis is mediated by IL-18-producing dendritic cells and hepatic CXCL9 expression in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Multivariate Cox regression (stepAIC) identified five prognostic genes (PLCG1, MET, TNFSF10, CXCL9, and TLR3) out of the 20 hub genes in the PPI network. (hindawi.com)
  • 2. Liver inflammation in a mouse model of Th1 hepatitis despite the absence of invariant NKT cells or the Th1 chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5. (nih.gov)
  • Chemokines are small, structurally related proteins which play a significant role in leukocyte trafficking ( 1 ) by producing chemotactic activity in cells expressing corresponding chemokine receptors. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mechanistically, this was due to the absence of CXCL9/10, which we found to be produced by CD103 + dendritic cells (DCs) in T cell-inflamed tumors. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Abundant expression of CXCL9 (MIG) by stromal cells that include dendritic cells and accumulation of CXCR3+ T cells in lymphocyte-rich gastric carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple regression analysis predicts that cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine, eotaxin, IL-6, and stem cell factor are inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak oxygen uptake change, whereas smoking is related to eotaxin and hepatocyte growth factor changes. (dovepress.com)
  • 6. Chemokine Cxcl9 attenuates liver fibrosis-associated angiogenesis in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Serum cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, or eosinophilic asthma. (mcmaster.ca)
  • For the first time, we report the presence of TLS signatures in irAEs, define distinctive immune signatures, identify chemokine markers distinguishing ICI-AIN from common AKI etiologies and demonstrate that urine chemokine markers may be used as a surrogate for ICI-AIN diagnoses. (jci.org)
  • Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • Binding of chemokines to CXCR3 induces various cellular responses, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokine Network and Overall Survival in TP53 Wild-Type and Mutant Ovarian Cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Intercellular communication is a dynamic network of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix, leading to profound changes in the characteristics of the surrounding tissue [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In next part of the review, various chemokines with their specific role in altering immune response to combat various diseases especially cancers will be discussed. (medscape.com)
  • Taken together, specific chemokine signatures may differentially influence OS in TP53WT and TP53m OC. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Intrahepatic levels of CXCR3-associated chemokines correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Enhanced T cell transmigration across the murine liver sinusoidal endothelium is mediated by transcytosis and surface presentation of chemokines. (nih.gov)
  • Findings: KD and MIS-C patients have similar S100 proteins and IL-18 profiles but are distinguished by significantly higher levels of the IFN-γ-induced chemokine CXCL9 in MIS-C. Stratifying MIS-C patients by CXCL9 levels revealed differential severity of clinical and laboratory presentation. (ssrn.com)
  • Thus, modulation of EAE with C-C chemokine DNA vaccines is determined by targeting chemokines that are highly transcribed at the site of inflammation at the onset of disease. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical and laboratory features as well as S100A8/A9, S100A12, IL-18, CXCL9 and IL-6 levels were compared between disease groups. (ssrn.com)
  • The stratification of CXCL9 levels of MIS-C patients provides support for MAS pathophysiology in patients with severe MIS-C, suggesting new approaches for diagnosis and management. (ssrn.com)