Cell migration assays macrophage. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. (nature.com)
The levels of several chemokines were significantly higher in intervillous compared to peripheral blood, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CXCL10, and CCL25, whereas CCL21, CCL27 and CXCL12 were lower. (frontiersin.org)
Apoptotic cells treated with DN-MFG-E8-Fc protein resulted in upregulation of costimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD70, when BMDCs were deficient for the inhibitory Fc?R, Fc?RIIb. (soton.ac.uk)
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important regulator of innate immunity with key roles in neural regeneration and responses to pathogens, amongst a multitude of other functions. (edu.au)
Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms. (nih.gov)
MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is released during microbial infection, ARDS, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. (rndsystems.com)

Skeletal muscle injuries are associated with local infiltration of large numbers of mononuclear cell, degeneration of the injured myofibers and removal of the cell debris by phagocytosis. (cdc.gov)
Calponin 2-null macrophages migrated faster and exhibit enhanced phagocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
receptors and conferred enhanced phagocytosis by both macrophages and immature dendritic cells (DN-MFG-E8-Fc) in a dose-dependent manner. (soton.ac.uk)
CD11c has been proposed to function in phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages as well as induction of T cell proliferation by Langerhans cells. (studybuff.com)
Phagocytosis assays of axonal debris demonstrated that MIF strongly stimulates phagocytosis by OECs, which indicates that MIF may play a role in the response of OECs to the continual turnover of olfactory axons that occurs throughout life. (edu.au)
Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES . (nih.gov)

Additionally, a decrease in the M1 surface marker CD86 and an increase in the M2 surface marker CD206 were observed, which suggested that M1 macrophages were polarized to an M2-like phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings provide evidence that exosomes from ASCs polarize macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype, which further enhances the exosomal proangiogenic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
In view of excess M1 macrophages in the late stages leading to exacerbated lesions and delayed recovery, it is crucial for macrophages to be polarized to the M2 phenotype on time [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Low AKR1B10 expression induced M2 macrophage polarization and promoted the malignant phenotype of GC. (portlandpress.com)
they not only effectively induced macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype but also promoted the migration, tube formation, and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and facilitated the migration, osteo-differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Materials and Methods Macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell line were differentiated with interleukin-4 to induce a 'wound-healing'-like phenotype, and treated with various dilutions of Arnica m . centesimal (100 times) dilutions (2c, 3c, 5c, 9c, and 15c) or control solvent for 24 hours. (thieme-connect.com)
Macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell line were differentiated with IL-4 to induce a 'wound-healing'-like phenotype. (thieme-connect.com)
Through in-depth exploration of macrophages, recent research has shown that the phenotype of macrophages exhibits greater plasticity than previously assumed [ 3 ]. (thno.org)
Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. (haematologica.org)
In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
This macrophage polarization can be simulated in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation for a proinflammatory subset termed classical activation and stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 for an alternative polarization phenotype. (haematologica.org)
4 Upon polarization, macrophages react to the respective stimulus with the expression of a distinct phenotype. (haematologica.org)
High expression of RAD18 facilitated a highly stem-cell phenotype through the Hippo/YAP pathway, which supports the proliferation of TNBC. (nature.com)
In addition, the cytokine byproduct TGF-β activates macrophages to have an M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype. (nature.com)
It has been shown that inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the occurrence and development of AS [ 1 ], which can promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, proliferation, and transformation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In PAE cells, soluble Sema4D promoted cell migration and developed a "tubulogenic" phenotype ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
Furthermore, studies have shown HIF-mediated Sema4D induction in the generation of the pro-angiogenic phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and have determined its biological significance for tumor growth and vascularity ( 10 ). (jcancer.org)

ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)
Glycolytic reprogramming in macrophages and MSCs during inflammation. (stanford.edu)
Obesity is associated with a worse breast cancer prognosis and elevated levels of inflammation, including greater cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity in adipose-infiltrating macrophages. (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, upon inflammation, both macrophages and pDCs upregulate MHC-II expression. (studybuff.com)
It is constitutively expressed in the skin and may play a role in T-CELL trafficking during cutaneous INFLAMMATION. (lookformedical.com)
Lab4P also reduced plaque burden and content of lipids and macrophages, indicative of dampened inflammation, and increased smooth muscle cell content, a marker of plaque stabilization. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Although macrophages play a role in inflammation and repair, their specific roles are related to the expression and function of their surface receptors [ 4 - 6 ]. (thno.org)
2 Upon inflammation, the pool of resident macrophages gets quickly replaced by macrophages derived from circulating monocytes. (haematologica.org)
In the present study, the potential of using exosomes isolated from adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a therapeutic tool for reducing chronic inflammation and promoting chondrogenesis was investigated using patient‑derived primary cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Herein, we tested the hypothesis that CTS signaling through Na + /K + -ATPase α-1 (NKA α-1) enhances immune cell recruitment and adhesion to renal epithelium that ultimately advance renal inflammation. (mcw.edu)

Murine models of Matrigel plug and hindlimb ischemia were employed as in vivo angiogenic assays. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo and in vitro Matrigel assays demonstrated that MALP-2 promoted angiogenesis in a TLR2/6-dependent manner. (lonza.com)
A study showed that forced expression of calponin 2 in endothelial cells enhanced angiogenic cell migration in vivo and anti-sense calponin 2 RNA reduced chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio of migrating cells was significantly higher in vitro and in vivo in response to IGFBP-5. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, monocytes treated with recombinant IGFBP-5 expressed the mesenchymal markers a-smoothmuscle actin and fibronectin in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IGFBP-5 can induce the transformation of monocytes into mesenchymal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigen by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) was determined by CD8+ T cell proliferation assays in vitro and in vivo. (soton.ac.uk)
receptors (Fc?Rs) reduced their ability to induce CD8+ T cell proliferation in vivo, suggesting the blockade of a mechanism which is intrinsic for DC maturation or migration. (soton.ac.uk)
Cell and animal experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and osteogenic capabilities of the piezoelectric hydrogel scaffold in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells carrying the mutation exhibited defective interstitial migration in vivo. (life-science-alliance.org)
Most clinical trials which utilize ADSCs for OA treatment have been based on the autologous cells from the stromal vascular fraction, as have most of the in vivo studies ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Methods and Results We demonstrate that knockdown of the α-1 isoform of Na/K-ATPase causes a reduction in CTS-induced macrophage infiltration in renal tissue as well reduces the accumulation of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. (mcw.edu)

Notably, CRIg is expressed in monocyte-derived macrophages but not in human and mouse monocytes. (thno.org)
To understand if polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte derived macrophages to a proinflammatory and an alternative activation state. (haematologica.org)

The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, and apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. (bvsalud.org)
Effects of exosomes derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells on apoptosis of pre-chondrogenic cells stimulated by inflammatory factors [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(2): 147-153. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Production of LPC during cell apoptosis serves as a chemotactic signal for macrophage recruitment. (ashpublications.org)
c) Flow cytometry assay was adopted to detect apoptosis. (bioz.com)
d) Cell apoptosis distribution was analyzed. (bioz.com)
Cell death by apoptosis occurs primarily among the glial and inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)

Further, using in vitro model, C2C12, a myoblast cell line, we demonstrated that satellite cells express CCR2 and CCRS receptors and these chemokine pathways are involved in satellite cell migration activity. (cdc.gov)
T cells harvested from infected mice were used to examine cytolytic activity, cytokine activity, and expression of certain chemokine receptors. (afl-journal.org)
2 The mechanism of lysophospholipid-mediated cell migration recently has been shown to require the expression of specific GPCRs, such as the receptors for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and LPC. (ashpublications.org)
3-5 The immunological importance of these lysophospholipid receptors is illustrated by the profound immunodeficiency observed in mice lacking expression of the S1P 1 receptor in hematopoietic cells. (ashpublications.org)
7 In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages are characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and of scavenger receptors. (haematologica.org)
In particular, CD26 may play a key role in regulating chemokine activity, and thus cell migration into the CNS, as it demonstrated rapid and highly specific proteolytic activity and is highly likely to encounter chemokines as it was associated with T cells and macrophages that express the appropriate chemokine receptors. (shu.ac.uk)
Neuropilins are cell surface receptors for members of the VEGF family as well as for members of the semphorin family of axonal guidance mediators. (harvard.edu)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)

The 8 µm pore size is suitable for most cell types including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and cancer cell lines. (gentaur-biotech.com)
CNN2 is expressed in a broader range of tissue and cell types, including developing and remodeling smooth muscle as well as adult mature smooth muscle, epidermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, lung alveolar cells, endothelial cells, myeloid white blood cells, platelet, B lymphocyte, and myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
These cell types can be classified as a) cells that are physiologically under high mechanical tension (e.g., smooth muscle in the wall of hollow organs, epithelial and endothelial cells), b) cells that have high rates of proliferation (e.g., myoblasts), and c) cells that are actively migrating (e.g., fibroblasts and macrophages). (wikipedia.org)
Primary fibroblasts and peritoneal macrophages isolated from Cnn2 knockout mice migrate faster than that of wild type control cells. (wikipedia.org)
Calponin 2's regulation of cell motility is based on inhibition of actin activated myosin motor function, as fibroblasts isolated from Cnn2 knockout mice showed increased cell traction force generated by myosin II motors. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, IGFBP-5 also induced migration of primary human lung fibroblasts. (elsevierpure.com)
The proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts play important roles in mediating tissue healing and preventing adverse VR [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
Here, we showed in young mice (postnatal day 10) that MIF is expressed in the olfactory nerve by olfactory ensheathing glial cells (OECs) and by olfactory nerve fibroblasts. (edu.au)

CD11c is abundantly expressed in monocytes and macrophages. (studybuff.com)
In vitro assays using conditioned media from probiotic bacteria demonstrated attenuation of several atherosclerosis-associated processes in vitro such as chemokine-driven monocytic migration, proliferation of monocytes and macrophages, foam cell formation and associated changes in expression of key genes, and proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. (cardiff.ac.uk)

Next, using functional adhesion assay, we demonstrate that CTS-induced increases in the adhesion of macrophages to renal epithelial cells were significantly diminished after reduction of NKA α-1 in either macrophages or renal epithelial cells as well after inhibition of NKA α-1-Src signaling cascade with a specific peptide inhibitor, pNaKtide in vitro. (mcw.edu)
Other particles may be engulfed by epithelial cells, primarily in the vicinity of the bronchial-alveolar duct junctions, and retained for much longer periods, with gradual removal to lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)

Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
CytoSelect Cell Migration Assays are ideal for determining the chemotactic properties of cells. (gentaur-biotech.com)
Chemotactic cytokines (chemokines), contribute to the recruitment of immune cells into the CNS, and are expressed by astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the CNS, and endothelial cells. (shu.ac.uk)
The chemotactic activity of the cleaved forms of CCL2 and CXCL10 identified in this study was investigated using real time in vitro migration assays. (shu.ac.uk)

May play a role in macrophage activation and function. (abbkine.com)

Furthermore, PTX3 silencing using PTX3-specific siRNA prevented breast cancer cell migration, macrophage chemotaxis, and subsequent OC formation. (oncotarget.com)
Description: Chemotaxis describes the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus in their environment. (gentaur-biotech.com)
Cell chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in the progression of cancer and other diseases. (gentaur-biotech.com)
Here we demonstrate that macrophage chemotaxis to LPC is dependent on G2A function. (ashpublications.org)
RNAi-mediated knockdown of G2A in J774A.1 macrophages abolished LPC-induced chemotaxis, whereas overexpression of G2A significantly enhanced this process. (ashpublications.org)
Collectively, these data establish that pertussis toxin-insensitive G2A signaling regulates macrophage chemotaxis to LPC. (ashpublications.org)

These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
This might represent a general mechanism to enhance or restore blood flow and recruit immune cells for pathogen defense and tissue regeneration. (lonza.com)
Therefore, the tissue distributions of calponin 2 imply its potential role in regulating cytoskeleton functions and cell motility. (wikipedia.org)
But there is exceptions given the variety of tissue distribution of myeloid cells. (studybuff.com)
You can use an anti-F4/80 to sort murine mature macrophages, associated with anti-BM8 and anti-MOMA-2 it should sort more precisely macrophages from lymphoid tissue. (studybuff.com)
It has been commonly used in normal tissue or blood and in leukemia as a marker for myeloid cells. (studybuff.com)
Cell isolation and flow cytometry Immunophenotyping of immune cells present within brains and spinal cords of JHMV-infected mice at defined times post-infection (p.i.) was accomplished by homogenizing isolated tissue and generating single-cell suspensions for analysis by flow cytometry using previously described procedures [44C46]. (afl-journal.org)
This new work tested the effects of Arnica m. homeopathic dilutions on human macrophages, key cells in tissue defence and repair. (thieme-connect.com)
Conclusion The results support evidence that the extracellular matrix is a potential therapeutic target of Arnica m., with positive effects on cell adhesion and migration during tissue development and healing. (thieme-connect.com)
M2 macrophage-mediated tissue repair plays an important role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). (thno.org)
Macrophages are the core regulators of inflammatory responses, and as such, are involved in the regulation of cardiac inflammatory responses and tissue repair after AMI. (thno.org)
V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) is a complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) that is specifically expressed in resting tissue-resident macrophages [ 7 , 8 ]. (thno.org)
Macrophages are versatile cells that can be polarized by the tissue environment to fulfill required needs. (haematologica.org)
In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased tissue factor expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. (haematologica.org)
Macrophages reside in all tissues of the body and each population of macrophages within a tissue can take on specialized functions that are tuned to the developmental and functional requirements of that tissue. (haematologica.org)
1 Some tissue macrophages and precursors are already established embryonically in the yolk sac and fetal liver before the onset of definitive hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
6 In addition, these cells are present during early wound healing and proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by a pronounced ability to degrade tissue. (haematologica.org)
Besides scavenging debris, promoting angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair, alternatively activated macrophages are able to fine tune inflammatory responses. (haematologica.org)
MS brain tissue was examined using dual-labelling immunofluorescence for CD26 expression, which was found in lesions to be associated with T cells and monocytes in perivascular cuffs, and macrophages within the parenchyma, but not with astrocytes. (shu.ac.uk)
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been characterized as having the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different connective tissue cells, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes, under specific inductive stimuli ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In total, 1-10% of nucleated cells in adipose tissue are ADSCs, whereas only 0.0001-0.01% of nucleated cells in bone marrow are stem cells ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Several studies have shown that miRNAs play multiple roles in the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation [ 11 , 12 ], partly by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-MMPs and p21-cyclins interactions [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)

M2 macrophages and exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are both reported to promote angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Because many of these processes implicate angiogenesis, we here elucidated the role of a TLR2/6-dependent pathway on angiogenesis using the TLR2/6 agonist macrophage-activating lipopeptide of 2 kDa (MALP-2), a common bacterial lipopeptide. (lonza.com)
Imatinib inhibits VEGF-independent angiogenesis by targeting neuropilin 1-dependent ABL1 activation in endothelial cells. (bnwax.com)
Proteome Profiler Mouse Angiogenesis Array Kit (Catalog # ARY015) Desmoglein 3 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating activator protein 1 and protein kinase C-dependent-Ezrin activation. (bnwax.com)
SEMA3F may inhibit angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by a novel mechanism, which is the repulsion of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells (EC) expressing NRP2 similar to the way SEMA3F repels neurons. (harvard.edu)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has been proven to be one of the hypoxia effectors regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in multiple cells, and play a role in angiogenesis like VEGF. (jcancer.org)
Hypoxia is the most common characteristic in the microenvironment of solid tumors because tumor progression and metastasis depend on the ability of cancer cells to initiate angiogenesis and ensure the delivery of oxygen and nutrients ( 11 , 12 ). (jcancer.org)

The Noncoding RNA nc886 Regulates PKR Signaling and Cytokine Production in Human Cells. (bnwax.com)

Exosomal delivery of miR-21 and positive feedback of secreted CSF-1 may be involved in macrophage polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
Traditionally, M2 polarization is driven by anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by T helper 2 cells in the late stages of infection [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Results: Macrophage polarization was the main immune infiltration pattern in GC, and the state of macrophage polarization was closely related to the pathological grading of GC and the clinical stage of patients. (portlandpress.com)
Conclusion: M2 macrophage polarization is the main immune infiltration pattern in GC. (portlandpress.com)
Low AKR1B10 expression induces M2 macrophage polarization and promotes the malignant transformation of GC. (portlandpress.com)
The underlying molecular mechanism can be partly attributed to the immunomodulation of the Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels as shown via transcriptome sequencing analysis, and the PI3K/Akt signaling axis plays an important role in regulating macrophage M2 polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell experiment and animal tumor formation experiment were used to evaluate whether exosomal NOX1 stimulating ROS production to promote M2 polarization of TAM in cervical cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Study of Fusobacterium nucleatum-related bacterial biofilm promoting M2 polarization of macrophages and chemoresistance in colon cancer [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(08): 1018-1029. (shsmu.edu.cn)
5 Functionally, proinflammatory polarization leads to potent effector cells that kill intracellular micro-organisms and tumor cells. (haematologica.org)

Wild-type but not G2A-deficient mouse peritoneal macrophages migrated toward LPC. (ashpublications.org)

This was correlated with enhanced preadipocyte aromatase expression following incubation in conditioned media (CM) collected from the obese-patient, sera-exposed macrophages, an effect neutralized by COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib. (aacrjournals.org)
The expression of calponin 2 in NIH/3T3 cells was decreased when cytoskeleton tension was reduced after blebbistatin inhibition of myosin II motors. (wikipedia.org)
The chelation of copper ions using tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) prevented cell death whereas inhibition of the cellular SOD1 chaperone aggravated toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of Wnt signaling in colon cancer cells via an oral drug that facilitates TNIK degradation. (harvard.edu)

Moreover, MALP-2 induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration and a strong secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (lonza.com)
In corroboration with increased susceptibility to disease, mice had diminished CD8+ T cell responses in terms of numbers, cytolytic activity, IFN- secretion, and homing to the CNS that corresponded with reduced expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3. (afl-journal.org)
Specifically, miR-155 enhances antiviral T cell responses including cytokine secretion, cytolytic activity, and homing to the CNS MA242 in response to viral infection. (afl-journal.org)
In macrophages, treatment with an AR inhibitor (Sorbinil) or genetic knockdown of AR lowered AGA-induced TNF- secretion (56% and 40%, respectively) as well as cell migration. (p38-mapk-inhibitors.com)

Enhances lymphocyte migration. (abbkine.com)
MIP-3β and plays a role not only in inflammatory and immunological responses but also in normal lymphocyte recirculation, migration and homing. (quanterix.com)

Flow cytometry assays revealed that nLDL significantly decreases the classical monocyte (CM) percentage and increases the non-classical monocyte (NCM) subset. (nih.gov)
CD11c is a type I transmembrane protein that is expressed on monocytes, granulocytes, a subset of B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages and may be demonstrated on B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, marginal zone lymphomas, and hairy cell leukemia. (studybuff.com)
Phenotypic screens , a subset of cell-based assays, are instrumental in identifying compounds that exhibit the desired therapeutic effects on cells, enhancing their significance in guiding drug development decisions. (oncodesign-services.com)

We further detected the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Mφ and genes related to cell differentiation in MSC during the challenge of cPE.Our results demonstrated that the oxidative phosphorylation of Mφ exposed to cPE was significantly decreased when compared with the control group. (stanford.edu)
Conditioned medium from these M2-like macrophages presented lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and higher levels of proangiogenic factors and promoted endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. (biomedcentral.com)
The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ with an increase in TF production seems to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when treating these macrophages with a demethylation agent. (haematologica.org)

Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) was described as monocyte/ macrophage differentiation antigen on the surface of myeloid lineage, such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). (studybuff.com)
7 VSIG4 can suppress T cell proliferation and promote Foxp3 + regulatory T cell (Tregs) differentiation by binding an unidentified receptor on T cells [ 9 ]. (thno.org)
Additionally, RAD18 functions beyond DNA repair and may regulate many other key biological processes, such as chromatin strengthening, cell survival/death, stemness, and differentiation. (nature.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Little is known about the maternal immune cells at this site, which are in direct contact with fetal tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Together, these findings indicate that term placental tissues attract MAIT cells, and that this effect is at least partly mediated by MIF. (frontiersin.org)
We recently observed mononuclear cell infiltration in lung tissues of mice expressing IGFBP-5. (elsevierpure.com)
Macrophages originate from blood monocytes that leave the circulation to differentiate in different tissues. (studybuff.com)
Upregulation of NOX1 may be associated with infiltration of M2-type macrophages in cervical cancer tissues, and NOX1 promotes malignant features of cervical cancer cells by stimulating ROS production. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. (nature.com)

Similarly, Seahorse XF Glycolytic Rate Assay Kit was used to detect the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and Seahorse XF Real-Time ATP Rate Assay kit was used to detect the real-time ATP production rates from OXPHOS and glycolysis. (stanford.edu)
Results Arnica montana at the 2c dilution (final concentration of sesquiterpene lactones in cell culture = 10 −8 mol/L) significantly stimulated the expression of three genes which code for regulatory proteins of the extracellular matrix, namely FN1 (fibronectin 1, % increase of 21.8 ± standard error of the mean 4.6), low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 (% increase of 33.4 ± 6.1) and heparan sulphate proteoglycan 2 (% increase of 21.6 ± 9.1). (thieme-connect.com)
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles, are released by almost all eukaryotic cells, including tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, also TF activity was enhanced in extracellular vesicles of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
We defined parasite load as the number of intracellular and extracellular amastigotes in 15 high-powered fields (×40) using IHC assays. (cdc.gov)
AA and the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker U0126 markedly inhibited migration, elevated smooth muscle 22 α (SM22 α ) expression, repressed VSMC proliferation, elevated miR-466f-3p and miR-425-3p expression, and suppressed miR-27a-5p and miR-128-5p expression in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
The migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs lead to vascular wall remodeling, which is mediated by activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

It is now recognized that several non-DC myeloid populations express CD11c, including alveolar macrophages and resident (Ly6C low) monocytes and that some macrophage populations express both CD11c and MHC class II [8, 9]. (studybuff.com)
Most of those depositing in the gas-exchange region will be phagocytized by alveolar macrophages and cleared to and through the mucociliary escalator within a few weeks. (cdc.gov)

Multiple steps standard sandwich ELISA assay with a working time of 3-5 hours. (abbkine.com)
Plasma IL-2 concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (bvsalud.org)
Both the ELISA MAX™ Set Standard and ELISA MAX™ Set Deluxe are specifically engineered for accurate recovery and measurement of analytes in complex fluids, such as serum and plasma (as well as activated cell cultures) without any interference by confounding serum factors, such as heterophilic antibody or rheumatoid factor. (biolegend.com)

The inflammatory kinase MAP4K4 promotes reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and enhances the invasiveness of infected endothelial cells. (bnwax.com)
MIF exhibits potent paracrine and autocrine stimulatory effects on cell growth and survival and enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines. (rndsystems.com)

Macrophages were collected from the mouse peritoneal cavity. (biomedcentral.com)

Description: The CytoSelect Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit provides a simple format for monitoring cell viability via metabolic activity. (gentaur-biotech.com)
CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity assay WT and mice were infected i.p. with the DM strain of JHMV (DM-JHMV, 2.5? (afl-journal.org)
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are known to trigger cytotoxicity in a variety of cell models, but the mechanism of cell death remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we addressed the mechanism of cytotoxicity in macrophages exposed to CuO NPs versus copper chloride (CuCl 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore CD11b+Gr-1+ cells will include monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. (studybuff.com)

M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by immunoblotting for the intracellular markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) and by flow cytometry for the surface markers F4/80, CD86, and CD206. (biomedcentral.com)
Flow cytometry provides a well-established method to identify cells in solution and is most commonly used for evaluating peripheral blood, bone marrow, and other body fluids. (studybuff.com)
Flow cytometry studies are used to identify and quantify immune cells and characterize hematological malignancies. (studybuff.com)
To determine the impact of miR-155 on trafficking, T cells from infected WT or mice were adoptively transferred into mice, and T cell accumulation into the CNS was assessed using flow cytometry. (afl-journal.org)
The deposition of Cu in lysosomes isolated from macrophages was also determined by ICP-MS. Cell viability (metabolic activity) was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and oxidative stress was monitored by a variety of methods including a luminescence-based assay for cellular glutathione (GSH), and flow cytometry-based detection of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential. (biomedcentral.com)

Expressed in group2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) during lung disease (PubMed:27043409). (affbiotech.com)

We hypothesized that impaired immunoregulation and bone regeneration from inflammatory states are associated with glycolytic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages (Mφ) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).We used the Seahorse XF96 analyzer and real-time qPCR to study the bioenergetics of Mφ and MSCs exposed to cPE. (stanford.edu)

to investigate the role of exosomal miRNA-7 from TWEAK-stimulated macrophages in modulating the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Conclusion · Exosomal miRNA-7 from TWEAK-stimulated macrophages plays a critical role in suppressing the metastasis of EOC cells by attenuation of EGFR signaling pathway. (shsmu.edu.cn)

We hypothesize that early inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines, are released during the muscle disruption and degeneration and are involved in macrophage recruitment and satellite cell migration and activation. (cdc.gov)

Prior to the assay, cells may be treated with compounds or agents that affect cell viability. (gentaur-biotech.com)
In the co-culture research, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT cell viability assay. (p38-mapk-inhibitors.com)

The suggested diluent is suitable for the analysis of most cell culture supernate samples. (rndsystems.com)
Coating Buffer and Assay Diluent (for blocking and dilutions) are included in these sets. (biolegend.com)

When M1 macrophages were treated with exosomes from normoxic ASCs (Nor/Exo), and particularly from hypoxic ASCs (Hyp/Exo), the expression of the M1 marker iNOS decreased, and the M2 marker Arg-1 increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Periosteal cells treated with exosomes exhibited higher levels of microRNA (miR)‑145 and miR‑221. (spandidos-publications.com)

We have characterized the T cell composition and chemokine profile in paired intervillous and peripheral blood samples from healthy mothers giving birth following term pregnancies. (frontiersin.org)
MIP-3β (macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta ), also known as (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. (quanterix.com)
It is expressed at high levels in the lymph nodes, thymus and appendix, and elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7. (quanterix.com)

NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) gene-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could induce migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, overexpression of DEAD-box helicase 19A (DDX19A) was reported to increase NOX-1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce migration and invasion of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, SEMA3F inhibits tumor cell adhesion to fibronectin by inhibiting beta 1 integrin levels, inhibits tumor cell motility, and inhibits tumor cell invasion through matrigel. (harvard.edu)

Migration assays demonstrated that IGFBP-5 induced migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a dose-dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)

In addition, elevated expression of PTX3 by TNFα led to enhanced OC formation, implying the distinct role of PTX3 in osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
Breast cancer cells condition lymphatic endothelial cells within pre-metastatic niches to promote metastasis. (bnwax.com)
AntagomiR-7 was used to downregulate the miRNA-7 expressions in macrophage exosomes and then their effect on metastasis of HO8910-PM cells was examined by transwell assay. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Pre-transfection of antagomiR-7 remarkably decreased the levels of miRNA-7 in macrophages, their secreted exosomes and the recipient EOC cells, with the enhancement of HO8910-PM metastasis. (shsmu.edu.cn)
In addition, CCL5 plays a crucial role in the migration and metastasis of cancer cells. (biolegend.com)
Together these results indicate that SEMA3F is a potent metastasis inhibitor that targets both tumor and stromal cells and raise the possibility of SEMA3F having therapeutic potential. (harvard.edu)

The effect of calponin 2 on facilitating the velocity of cell adhesion was also shown with prostate cancer cells expression high or low levels of calponin 2. (wikipedia.org)
Using assays to quantify CD11c-mediated cell adhesion, we demonstrate that CD11c recognizes ICAM-2 and VCAM-1. (studybuff.com)
CD11 is involved in numerous adhesion-related associations between cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and granulocytes. (studybuff.com)
Epithelial and Endothelial Adhesion of Immune Cells Is Enhanced by Cardiotonic Steroid Signaling Through Na+/K+-ATPase-α-1. (mcw.edu)
Finally, CTS-induced expression of adhesion markers in both endothelial and immune cells was significantly inhibited in an NKA α-1-Src signaling dependent manner in vitro. (mcw.edu)

The 3′UTR-binding sequence site of miR-128-5p on the p21 gene was predicted and assessed by luciferase assays. (hindawi.com)
The possible hypoxia response element (HRE) sequences in 5' non-coding Region before ATG start codon of Sema4D were screened, followed by point mutagenesis and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)
Sequencing and alignment of this region in 11 cancer cell lines and 4 normal cell lines were also performed, followed by cloning, mutation and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)
Luciferase assays showed that T471C and C862T could significantly increase the expression efficiency of downstream target genes. (jcancer.org)

Yasuoka, H, Yamaguchi, Y & Feghali-Bostwick, CA 2009, ' The pro-fibrotic factor IGFBP-5 induces lung fibroblast and mononuclear cell migration ', American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology , vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 179-188. (elsevierpure.com)
Lung macrophages express CD11c at levels as high as those found on cDCs. (studybuff.com)
For these short fibers, which can be fully engulfed by lung cells and do not dissolve in airway fluids in less than a few weeks, their clearance will be similar to other mineral and vitreous particles. (cdc.gov)

Dendritic Assay Laboratories manufactures the dendritic cell migration assay reagents distributed by Genprice. (gentaur-biotech.com)
The Dendritic Cell Migration Assay reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (gentaur-biotech.com)
Described here are some of the general requirements of in vitro test methods for skin sensitization, and progress that has been made in developing suitable approaches with particular emphasis on the utility of dendritic cell culture systems. (cdc.gov)

M2 macrophages are alternatively activated by exposure to certain cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13. (studybuff.com)

Global burden of HPV-attributable squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in 2020, according to sex and HIV status: A worldwide analysis. (who.int)

Mechanisms related to regulation of natural killer cell activity by exosomes derived from malignant tumor cells [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(5): 659-664. (shsmu.edu.cn)
In response to endogenous and exogenous insults, malignant cells mostly have an intensive DNA repair capacity that allows them to proliferate and survive. (nature.com)

Furthermore, Mφ and MSCs exposed to cPE showed upregulated gene expression levels of glycolytic regulators and Mφ exposed to cPE expressed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.This study demonstrated the dysfunctional bioenergetic activity of bone marrow-derived Mφ and MSCs exposed to cPE, which could impair the immunoregulatory properties of cells in the bone niche. (stanford.edu)
PTX3 expression was also up-regulated in a bone metastatic breast cancer cell line and further enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. (oncotarget.com)
In the bone microenvironment, breast cancer cells produce osteoclast (OC)-activating cytokines, including parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP), prostaglandin E 2 (PEG 2 ), and interleukin-11 (IL-11) [ 5 ], which can increase expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) by osteoblasts (OBs). (oncotarget.com)
In addition to the incorporation of frequently used bioactive macromolecules and nanomolecules, burgeoning research has found that multiple physiological cues, including mechanics, electricity, and magnetism, represent fresh prospects for bone regeneration by influencing bone-related cell behaviors and cell maturation events [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lab4P also decreased the frequency of macrophages and T-cells in the bone marrow. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Moreover, we revealed that hypoxia promotes VSIG4 expression in cultured bone marrow M2 macrophages, ultimately leading to the conversion of CFs to myofibroblasts. (thno.org)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
Promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and of T-lymphocytes. (abbkine.com)

Tumor cell-derived exosomes mediate signal transduction between the tumor and surrounding non-tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mechanism through which RAD18 influences triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, remains elusive. (nature.com)
There are two main routes by which tumor cells disseminate, through blood vessels (hematogenous spread) and through lymphatic vessels (lymphogenous spread). (harvard.edu)

Deletion of calponin 2 in macrophages also significantly attenuated the development of atherosclerosis lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice The expression of calponin 2 is significantly increased in cells cultured on hard versus soft gel substrates that produce high or low traction force and cytoskeleton tension. (wikipedia.org)
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhance accumulation of interleukin (IL)-1 beta-producing macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. (nih.gov)
CCL2 and CXCL10 are chemokines expressed in MS lesions, which are thought to be pivotal in chemoattraction of T cells and monocytes into the CNS. (shu.ac.uk)

Its protein product is thought to be involved in negative regulation of growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, which contributes to the anti-inflammatory response to vessel wall trauma. (abbkine.com)
This study aimed to identify the role of AA in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behaviours and to explore the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs). (hindawi.com)

Preliminary experiments with Jurkat cells, a T cell line, indicated that migration remained unaffected, or was slightly increased, by cleaved CXCL10 compared to the intact form. (shu.ac.uk)

However, our recent findings showed that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and effector memory (EM) T cells are enriched in the IVB of term placentas ( 4 ), indicating that certain immune cell subsets are recruited to or retained in the intervillous space. (frontiersin.org)
A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
Cell assays can address tumor cell function, immune cell function or interaction of both cell types in a 2D or 3D format using a large variety of readouts. (oncodesign-services.com)
Precise control of immune cell trafficking is complex and essential to the development and function of the immune system. (ashpublications.org)
however, recent developments have raised interest in nonpolypeptide regulators of immune cell trafficking belonging to a group of related molecules with a lysophospholipid-like structure. (ashpublications.org)

Failure of the immune system to differentiate between apoptotic tumour cells and cells rendered apoptotic as part of homeostasis prevents a successful response being mounted against tumours. (soton.ac.uk)
Apoptotic cells are cleared rapidly by professional phagocytes thus preventing the release of potentially inflammatory or immunogenic material into the surrounding environment. (soton.ac.uk)
It was hypothesised that manipulation of this clearance pathway, which is normally employed to prevent autoimmunity, may alleviate immuno-suppression of apoptotic tumour cells and promote the expansion of a tumour antigen-specific T cell response. (soton.ac.uk)
It facilitates the uptake of apoptotic cells by acting as a bridging molecule between integrins on the phagocyte and phosphatidylserine (PS) on the apoptotic cell surface. (soton.ac.uk)
Here, two recombinant dominant-negative MFG-E8 proteins were generated: one which is shown to inhibit PS-dependent apoptotic cell uptake by macrophages by over 40% (DN-MFG-E8), and a second which re-directed apoptotic cells through Fc? (soton.ac.uk)
Loading BMDCs with apoptotic cells via a PS-independent pathway or through Fc? (soton.ac.uk)
Moreover, CuO NP-triggered cell death was insensitive to the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, and to wortmannin, an inhibitor of autophagy, implying that this was a non-apoptotic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects of HA-ADT on the apoptotic level and AKT/GSK-3 β / β -catenin pathway in human HCC cells. (bioz.com)
b) The apoptotic index was counted as the ratio of TUNEL positive cells to total cells. (bioz.com)

Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. (nature.com)
These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis. (nature.com)
To elicit innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammatory cells must efficiently migrate through the complex, physiological environments in the body. (life-science-alliance.org)
TAMs are the major inflammatory cells in the TME, and are closely related to poor outcomes in several types of tumors [ 11 ]. (nature.com)

Anatomy44

Organisms10

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs94

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

Inhibitory6

Phagocytosis6

Phenotype17

Inflammation10

Vivo11

Monocyte-derived macrophages2

Apoptosis6

Receptors8

Fibroblasts8

Monocytes and macrophages2

Epithelial cells2

Chemotactic5

Role in macrophage1

Chemotaxis6

Tissue22

Angiogenesis7

Cytokine production1

Polarization9

Peritoneal macrophages1

Inhibition4

Secretion4

Lymphocyte2

Subset3

Proinflammatory3

Differentiation3

Tissues6

Infiltration1

Extracellular7

Alveolar2

ELISA3

Enhances2

Mouse peritoneal1

Cytotoxicity4

Neutrophils1

Flow cytometry5

Lymphoid1

Reprogramming and mitochondrial1

Exosomal2

Recruitment1

Viability2

Diluent2

Treated with exosomes2

Chemokine3

Invasion3

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells1

Metastasis6

Adhesion5

Luciferase4

Lung3

Dendritic cell3

Alternatively activated1

Squamous1

Malignant2

Bone6

Promotes2

Tumor cells3

Lesions3

Vascular smooth2

CXCL101

Immune cell5

Apoptotic9

Inflammatory cells4