LesionsTumorParanasalMeningiomaRight cavernousSphenoidThrombosis of the cavernous sinusManagement of cavernous sinusLateral wallAneurysmsTumorsVenous bloodVeinsSeptic thrombosisPituitary adenomasLesionMeningiomasSyndromeSella turcicaDuralCarotid arteryInferiorThrombophlebitisEpidural and subduralInvasionHemangiomaSurgeryAnatomyOptic nerveOphthalmicArteriesStructuresCavitiesNasalNerveSkull baseInfectionInfectionsMedialOrbital
Lesions8
- Lesions affecting the cavernous sinus may affect isolated nerves or all the nerves traversing through it. (wikipedia.org)
- All cats had initial signs referable to a left CSS lesion (one had bilateral CSS), whereas in all dogs the lesions were localized to the right cavernous sinus. (avmi.net)
- During the last 7 years, approximately 170 neoplasms, and 35 vascular lesions involving the cavernous sinus were treated by the first two authors. (elsevierpure.com)
- Direct vein graft reconstruction of the intracavernous carotid artery is a valuable tool during the management of cavernous sinus lesions. (elsevierpure.com)
- During microsurgical removal of cavernous sinus lesions, the cranial nerves III-VI were reconstructed by direct resuture or by nerve grafting in 16 patients. (elsevierpure.com)
- However, endovascular therapy is preferred for lesions in the cavernous sinus or for older patients with complicating medical problems. (nih.gov)
- 2 Hakuba A, Tanaka K, Suzuki T, Nishimura S. A combined orbitozygomatic infratemporal epidural and subdural approach for lesions involving the entire cavernous sinus. (thieme-connect.de)
- Vascular lesions with an intraosseus nidus involving the skull base are uncommon and challenging [Gianoli GJ, Amedee RG Vascular malformation of the sphenoid sinus. (upmc.com)
Tumor7
- The purpose of this case study is to describe the ophthalmic presentation and note the diagnosis of a cavernous sinus tumor in a dog with neuro-ophthalmologic deficits. (e-jvc.org)
- Background: Meningiomas are the most common tumor involving the cavernous sinus. (elsevierpure.com)
- Methods: The en bloc tumor-ICA specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned on a rotary microtome. (elsevierpure.com)
- In all cases tumor cells were found in the adventitia of the cavernous carotid with stenosis of the arterial lumen. (elsevierpure.com)
- He has developed new surgical techniques for pituitary tumors invading the cavernous sinus and extending into the brain space that allow for higher rates of complete tumor removal and long-term remission in functional tumors. (stanford.edu)
- Dr. JFM has meticulously investigated the medial wall of the cavernous sinus introducing a classification of the parasellar ligaments and their role in anchoring the medial wall, and has developed an innovative technique for selective resection of the medial wall when invaded by tumor. (stanford.edu)
- Only 1 patient harboring a left cavernous sinus meningioma had tumor recurrence and underwent repeat resection. (medscape.com)
Paranasal7
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is usually a late complication of an infection of the central face or paranasal sinuses. (medscape.com)
- This intimate juxtaposition of veins, arteries, nerves, meninges, and paranasal sinuses accounts for the characteristic etiology and presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST). (medscape.com)
- Sinusitis Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses due to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergic reactions. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hemangiomas are commonly located in the head and neck and rarely in the paranasal sinuses. (amjcaserep.com)
- Cavernous hemangioma is a benign lesion of the paranasal sinuses. (amjcaserep.com)
- The nasal cavity also functions to facilitate drainage for the secretions from the adjacent paranasal sinuses. (nih.gov)
- All of these paranasal sinuses, except the sphenoid, communicate with the nasal cavity via ducts that drain through ostia, which empty into spaces located on the lateral wall. (nih.gov)
Meningioma1
- The dura is opened, and the meningioma can be seen extending en plaque over the surface of the brain. (medscape.com)
Right cavernous3
- Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a mass extending from the right cavernous sinus to the orbital fissure with neighboring bone lysis. (e-jvc.org)
- A 59-year-old man with pathologically confirmed primary MZBCL of the right cavernous sinus. (biomedcentral.com)
- a Axial contrast-enhanced (CE) brain CT shows a bulging mass lesion (arrowhead) in the right cavernous sinus and measures 2.0 × 3.3 cm in size. (biomedcentral.com)
Sphenoid11
- The cavernous sinus within the human head is one of the dural venous sinuses creating a cavity called the lateral sellar compartment bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica. (wikipedia.org)
- These sinuses are just lateral and superior to the sphenoid sinus and are immediately posterior to the optic chiasm, as depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
- Anatomy of cross section of cavernous sinus showing close proximity to cranial nerves and sphenoid sinus. (medscape.com)
- The cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from the facial veins (via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins) as well as the sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. (medscape.com)
- The bone of the planum sphenoidale, anterior to the tuberculum, has been removed to expose the sphenoid sinus. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
- Dura mater lateral to the body of the sphenoid (lateral wall of cavernous sinus) has been stripped to reveal the cavernous sinus, the cavernous internal carotid artery, and the ophthalmic (CNV1) nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
- Crimson Publishers-An Unusual Case of Secondary in Sphenoid Sinus from Carcin. (slideshare.net)
- Air containing mucosal lined sinuses surround the nasal cavity, which includes the frontal, paired maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses. (nih.gov)
- Surrounding the nasal cavities are air-containing mucosal lined sinuses, which include the frontal sinuses (superior anterior), ethmoid sinuses (superior), paired maxillary sinuses (lateral), and sphenoid sinuses (posterior). (nih.gov)
- The sphenoid sinus empties into the posterior roof. (nih.gov)
- 1994)]. We present a pediatric patient, with a life-threatening arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the sphenoid sinus, clivus, and ventral skull base, who failed routine multimodality management of AVMs. (upmc.com)
Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus2
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a very rare, typically septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, usually caused by nasal furuncles or bacterial sinusitis. (msdmanuals.com)
- There are reports on various other risks like rhinoliquorrhea, brain damage, fistulas between sinus-cavernosus and carotid artery, aneurysms and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. (egms.de)
Management of cavernous sinus1
- The effect of these findings on the management of cavernous sinus meningiomas and the involved ICA is discussed. (elsevierpure.com)
Lateral wall5
- Structures within the outer (lateral) wall of the compartment from superior to inferior: Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve Structures passing through the midline (medial) wall: Abducens nerve Internal carotid artery accompanied by the internal carotid plexus These nerves, with the exception of CN V2, pass through the cavernous sinus to enter the orbital apex through the superior orbital fissure. (wikipedia.org)
- The maxillary branch passes external to, but immediately adjacent to, the lateral wall of the sinus. (wikipedia.org)
- The third and fourth cranial nerves are attached to the lateral wall of the sinus. (medscape.com)
- O TOM' are the first letters of components of the lateral wall of cavernous sinus considered vertically, from the top to the bottom. (radiopaedia.org)
- The oculomotor (CNIII) nerves can be seen entering the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Aneurysms4
- Eight aneurysms were localized in the cavernous sinus and 7 at the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery. (nih.gov)
- Conclusion Despite its technical difficulty, the FTOZ TCA should be considered for the surgical management of basilar apex aneurysms and tumors surrounding the cavernous sinus, sellar/parasellar, retrochiasmatic, and petroclival region. (thieme-connect.de)
- In (harmless) cavernous sinus aneurysms, the mortality was still 4% (3 of 76). (ajnr.org)
- We must realize that this high complication rate and high rate of unintended parent vessel occlusion concerns elective treatments of unruptured aneurysms with an often low chance of rupture or a benign natural history (cavernous sinus aneurysms) for which safer conventional treatments are available. (ajnr.org)
Tumors5
- Cavernous sinus syndrome may result from mass effect of these tumors and cause ophthalmoplegia (from compression of the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve), ophthalmic sensory loss (from compression of the ophthalmic nerve), and maxillary sensory loss (from compression of the maxillary nerve). (wikipedia.org)
- In seven cases, the tumors were excised en bloc along with the stenotic ICA segment. (elsevierpure.com)
- Pituitary tumors with cavernous sinus invasion represent a neurosurgical challenge. (stanford.edu)
- Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is used to distinguish pituitary Cushing's disease from occult cases of the ectopic ACTH syndrome, but is limited in that it requires the use of ovine CRH (oCRH) and is not highly accurate at predicting the intrapituitary location of tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
- This study was designed to determine whether cavernous sinus sampling (CSS) is as safe and accurate as IPSS, whether CSS can eliminate the need for oCRH stimulation, and whether CSS can accurately predict the intrapituitary location of tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
Venous blood1
- The cavernous sinuses are trabeculated sinuses located at the base of the skull that drain venous blood from facial veins. (msdmanuals.com)
Veins4
- The cavernous sinus receives blood from: Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins Sphenoparietal sinus Superficial middle cerebral veins Inferior cerebral veins Blood leaves the sinus via superior and inferior petrosal sinuses as well as via the emissary veins through the foramina of the skull (mostly through foramen ovale). (wikipedia.org)
- As a venous sinus, the cavernous sinus receives blood from the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins and from superficial cortical veins, and is connected to the basilar plexus of veins posteriorly. (wikipedia.org)
- The cavernous sinus receives blood from veins of the face and brain. (medlineplus.gov)
- They, in turn, empty into the inferior petrosal sinuses, then into the internal jugular veins and the sigmoid sinuses via the superior petrosal sinuses. (medscape.com)
Septic thrombosis1
- Because of its complex neurovascular anatomic relationship, cavernous sinus thrombosis is the most important of any intracranial septic thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Pituitary adenomas4
- Selected pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion can now be completely removed at the Stanford Pituitary Center. (stanford.edu)
- Pituitary adenomas often invade the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, but this structure is generally not surgically removed because of the risk of vascular and cranial nerve injury. (stanford.edu)
- Pituitary adenomas frequently invade the cavernous sinus. (go.jp)
- The oblique transsphenoethmoidal approach, a modified standard transsphenoidal approach, was used to treat 19 patients with pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus. (go.jp)
Lesion1
- A complete lesion of the cavernous sinus disrupts CN III, IV, and VI, causing total ophthalmoplegia, usually accompanied by a fixed, dilated pupil. (wikipedia.org)
Meningiomas5
- The authors evaluate the extent of carotid wall involvement in nine patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas encasing the ICA who underwent en bloc resection of the cavernous sinus. (elsevierpure.com)
- Conclusion: These findings suggest that in the case of cavernous sinus meningiomas with encasement and stenosis of the intracavernous ICA, invasion of the vessel wall has occurred. (elsevierpure.com)
- Some meningiomas are found along the dural lining in the venous sinuses of the brain and skull base - locations where arachnoid cap cells are most abundant. (aans.org)
- Los meningiomas de nervio óptico y de seno cavernoso son patologías poco frecuentes, y hasta el momento no ha habido ningún reporte de que se presenten ambos en un mismo paciente. (bvsalud.org)
- Optic nerve and cavernous sinus meningiomas are uncommon pathologies, and so far there have not been previously reported to occur in the same patient. (bvsalud.org)
Syndrome2
- Cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) was suspected. (avmi.net)
- Cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) is characterized by deficits in more than one of the cranial nerves (CN) that traverse the cavernous sinus at the base of the cranial vault: CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI (abducens), and the first two branches of CN V (trigeminal). (avmi.net)
Sella turcica2
- An abnormally growing pituitary adenoma, sitting on the bony sella turcica, will expand in the direction of least resistance and eventually invade the cavernous sinus. (wikipedia.org)
- The cavernous sinuses are the most centrally located of the dural sinuses and lie on either side of the sella turcica. (medscape.com)
Dural3
- The cavernous sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses of the head. (wikipedia.org)
- From there the infection may spread to the dural venous sinuses. (wikipedia.org)
- The dural sinuses are grouped into the sagittal, lateral (including the transverse, sigmoid, and petrosal sinuses), and cavernous sinuses. (medscape.com)
Carotid artery4
- If the internal carotid artery ruptures within the cavernous sinus, an arteriovenous fistula is created (more specifically, a carotid-cavernous fistula). (wikipedia.org)
- The internal carotid artery with its surrounding sympathetic plexus passes through the cavernous sinus. (medscape.com)
- In addition, encasement of ipsilateral cavernous internal carotid artery is observed without causing narrowing of the vascular lumen (white arrow). (biomedcentral.com)
- Four cavernous sinus compartments are described based on their spatial relationship with the cavernous carotid artery: superior, posterior, inferior, and lateral. (stanford.edu)
Inferior3
- The cavernous sinus drains by two larger channels, the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses, ultimately into the internal jugular vein via the sigmoid sinus, also draining with emissary vein to pterygoid plexus. (wikipedia.org)
- Inferior petrosal sinus sampling is mandatory to confirm that the source of ACTH production is the pituitary gland. (stanford.edu)
- MRI study showed a large adenoma invading the superior and inferior compartments of the cavernous sinus, and compressing the optic apparatus. (stanford.edu)
Thrombophlebitis2
- In patients with thrombophlebitis of the facial vein, pieces of the clot may break off and enter the cavernous sinus, forming a cavernous sinus thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis masquerading as ischaemic stroke: a catastrophic pitfall in any emergency department. (medscape.com)
Epidural and subdural1
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was initially described by Bright in 1831 as a complication of epidural and subdural infections. (medscape.com)
Invasion1
- Destruction of cranial nerves III, IV VT, and the ophthalmic division of V by thyroid adeno- carcinoma invasion of the cavernous sinuses was confirmed in one case at necropsy. (avmi.net)
Hemangioma2
- We herein describe the case of a 32-year-old male patient with recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction, and facial deformity due to a giant cavernous hemangioma successfully treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. (amjcaserep.com)
- Anatomopathological examination confirmed a cavernous hemangioma. (amjcaserep.com)
Surgery4
- Cranial nerve reconstruction should be attempted whenever the nerves are sacrificed in a patient who has a fair to excellent eye function preoperatively or whenever inadvertent injury to such nerves occurs during cavernous sinus surgery. (elsevierpure.com)
- Safe and effective surgery in this area requires deep understanding of the cavernous sinus anatomy from an endonasal perspective. (stanford.edu)
- Dr. JFM has been studying the cavernous sinus for over 15 years and has developed a surgical anatomy-based classification of the cavernous sinus with demonstrated utility for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative guidance in pituitary surgery. (stanford.edu)
- The risk is higher, when sinus surgery and rhinoplasty are combined. (egms.de)
Anatomy1
- Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. (radiopaedia.org)
Optic nerve1
- The optic nerve lies just above and outside the cavernous sinus, superior and lateral to the pituitary gland on each side, and enters the orbital apex via the optic canal. (wikipedia.org)
Ophthalmic2
- Because of its connections with the facial vein via the superior ophthalmic vein, it is possible to get infections in the cavernous sinus from an external facial injury within the danger area of the face. (wikipedia.org)
- The 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves and the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the 5th cranial nerve are adjacent to the cavernous sinus and are commonly affected in cavernous sinus thrombosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Arteries1
- Small arteries leading to the cavernous sinuses contract, reducing the inflow of blood. (limamemorial.org)
Structures3
- Apart from the blood which passes through a venous sinus, several anatomical structures, including some cranial nerves and their branches, also pass through the sinus. (wikipedia.org)
- CA are the first letters of the structures located within the sinus. (radiopaedia.org)
- The standard transsphenoidal approach does not provide satisfactory visualization of the cavernous sinus structures. (go.jp)
Cavities1
- The cavernous sinuses are irregularly shaped, trabeculated cavities located at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
Nasal2
Nerve1
- The maxillary nerve, division V2 of the trigeminal nerve travels through the lower portion of the sinus and exits via the foramen rotundum. (wikipedia.org)
Skull base1
- Metastatic LMSs have been described in the orbit, meninges, and skull base, however there are no reports of LMS metastasis into the cavernous sinuswith primary origin from lower extremity and long silent disease period of 7 years. (slideshare.net)
Infection3
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis is most often caused by a bacterial infection that has spread from the sinuses, teeth, ears, eyes, nose, or skin of the face. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis is treated with high-dose antibiotics given through a vein (IV) if an infection is the cause. (medlineplus.gov)
- anaerobes are more common when the underlying condition is dental or sinus infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Infections1
- Since the cavernous sinuses receive blood via this distribution, infections of the face including the nose, tonsils, and orbits can spread easily by this route. (medscape.com)
Medial1
- This starts with wide surgical exposure to carefully explore all surfaces of the gland, including those in contact with the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, as microadenomas may cause mild bulging in the surface of the gland. (stanford.edu)
Orbital1
- Initial symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis are progressively severe headache or facial pain, usually unilateral and localized to retro-orbital and frontal regions. (msdmanuals.com)