Ion exchange with divalent cations (Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca and Sr) has also been shown to be possible, with phases showing altered XRD patterns and decomposition products. (bham.ac.uk)
Solutions containing divalent cations such as calcium (Ca ++ ) and magnesium (Mg ++ ) display a two-stage permeability change that is characterized by a rapid initial degradation followed by essentially a steady-state response. (baroididp.com)
Thus, the salts with divalent cations would be ore flocculated than those with monovalent cations at the same concentration. (baroididp.com)
Potassium (K), the main cation inside cells, plays roles in maintaining cellular osmolarity and acid-base equilibrium, as well as nerve stimulation transmission, and regulation of cardiac and muscle functions. (mdpi.com)
In certain applications a cation exchange material in the potassium, ammonium, or other monovalent form may be encountered. (astm.org)
1) The source and target substances are both inorganic salts of a monovalent cation from Group 1A of the periodic table, sodium or potassium, and pyrophosphoric/orthophosphoric acid. (europa.eu)
It is therefore deemed scientifically justified to avoid any further vertebrate testing and use the data from a study conducted on an orthophosphate (with either a potassium or sodium cation) for hazard assessment purposes. (europa.eu)
Lithium is a monovalent cation and competes with sodium osmolarity) and urine output can prevent serious at various channels like sodium-potassium 2 chloride pump consequences. (who.int)
Alkali4
In this work, we assess how incorporating crown ethers, which form host-guest complexes with monovalent cations, into poly(norbornene) networks impacts the selective partitioning and diffusion of alkali cations. (aps.org)
More specifically, we observe that alkali cation complexation tends to increase with decreasing cation hydration free energy. (aps.org)
Based on the position of elements on the Periodic Table, alkali and alkaline metals in most cases form cations. (worldatlas.com)
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the cation exchange material has been regenerated to the hydrogen form with acid and the anion exchange material has been regenerated with alkali to the hydroxide or free-base form. (astm.org)
Metal cations4
When stacked the tetrads form a central cavity formed from guanine O6 atoms, where they can interact with metal cations. (nature.com)
This study investigated the simultaneous application of chitosan and metal cations as dual-conditioners to improve sludge dewaterability. (iwaponline.com)
Dual-conditioning using chitosan and metal cations further enhanced dewaterability. (iwaponline.com)
This study further investigates the potential of dual-conditioning of sludge using the non-toxic and biodegradable biopolymer chitosan to replace synthetic polymers, together with some cheaper metal cations as an economical and eco-friendly dewatering alternative. (iwaponline.com)
Amino Acids2
EMD 56133 did not interfere with transport systems for monovalent organic cations, amino acids and long chain fatty acids. (nih.gov)
Several substrates of other endogenous transport systems (e.g. bilirubin, cyclopeptides, monovalent cations, dipeptides, amino acids, fatty acids, hexoses) did not interfere with the transport of EMD 56133. (nih.gov)
Inorganic1
An abnormality of monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Ions7
Unfortunately, most conventional membranes lack selectivity between monovalent ions, rendering their use in such applications infeasible. (aps.org)
The ions with a net positive charge are called cations whereas those with net negative charge are anions. (worldatlas.com)
Another difference between the two ions is that anions have more electrons than protons while the cations have more protons than electrons. (worldatlas.com)
By transporting Na + and K + ions across the cell membrane, red cells can adjust the intracellular concentration of these cations and regulate intracellular hydration. (medscape.com)
The coordination characteristics of the most prevalent monovalent cations in the PDB were analyzed through the radial distribution functions of oxygen atoms around ions. (aps.org)
Monovalent ion exchange (with Na, K, Rb, Cs and Ag) gave complete and facile exchange of the host's hydrogenions and gave crystalline products. (bham.ac.uk)
The studies also focused on understanding the remarkable effect of negatively charged co-ions (Cl - , Br - , I - , SCN - ) on the cation-carboxylate interactions. (kth.se)
Anions and cations3
Hence the anions and cations are responsible for the phenomenon of the flow of electric current in a dry cell. (worldatlas.com)
The contributions from anions and cations from salt are inseparable in their perturbation of molecular systems by experimental and computational methods, rendering it difficult to dissect the effects exerted by the anions and cations individually. (lu.se)
Anions and cations revealed high contrast in their perturbation of caffeine solvation, with the cations salting-in caffeine via binding to the polar ketone groups, while the anions were found to be salting-out via perturbations of water. (lu.se)
Selectivity2
The dependence of monovalent-ion selectivity of surface-sulfonated anion exchange membranes (s-AEMs) on the electrodialysis (ED) desalination current density, the concentration of equimolar ternary electrolyte (XCl + X2SO4) in the total concentration range 0.04-0.2 M, and the type of cations (X = H, Cs, Na) has been studied. (hse.ru)
One approach to overcoming selectivity limitations is to incorporate ligands into membranes which specifically interact with target cations in an aqueous environment. (aps.org)
Salts1
Here we investigate the solvation of a small molecule, caffeine, and its perturbation by monovalent salts from various parts of the Hofmeister series. (lu.se)
Permeability4
Cetiedil then may represent an alternate type of antisickling agent, exerting its effect through changes in erythrocyte membrane cation permeability rather than directly modifying hemoglobin S. (unboundmedicine.com)
Any disturbances in membrane cation permeability alter cellular hydration and can cause numerous effects, including hemolysis. (medscape.com)
In contrast, the primary abnormality in DHSt is a change in the relative membrane permeability to K + . Efflux of K + is increased 2- to 4-fold and results in cation depletion, with decreased intracellular osmolality and water loss. (medscape.com)
Leak2
[ 7 ] At low temperatures, the defective anion channel appears to allow a significant cation leak, and autohemolysis may be seen in vitro at 4ºC. (medscape.com)
With HypoPP hyperpolarization-activated cation leak counteracting K + -rectifying current, mutations cause outermost arginine or lysine substitution. (medscape.com)
Membrane1
For the case of a 12-Crown-4-functionalized membrane, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal a strong coupling between cation hydration and their sorption and diffusion in the membrane. (aps.org)
Conductance2
Molar conductance and cation transport values at infinite dilution were extrapolated from these data and used to estimate ionic conductances at infinite dilution. (cdc.gov)
Specific point mutations in human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) convert this electroneutral anion exchanger into a monovalent cation conductance. (tcdb.org)
Trivalent1
The loss of one, two, or three electrons lead to the formation of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent cations respectively. (worldatlas.com)
Anion exchange1
an acid effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of regenerated anion exchange groups. (astm.org)
Vaccine2
plicons showed 100% sequence iden- monovalent vaccine: recommendations of In January 2009, eight individu- tity with Y. pestis reference sequences. (cdc.gov)
We report a cross-sectional, descriptive survey in 4 provinces of Afghanistan to assess the rate of adverse events among health care staff immunized with A/H1N1 monovalent vaccine 4 weeks after vaccination. (who.int)
Complexes1
Monovalent complex cations were studied for several of the complexes and compared to the photoelectron spectra. (osu.edu)
Atoms2
However, oxygen atoms are not the only atoms that can coordinate cations, and coordinating atoms for anions are far less understood than those for cations. (aps.org)
The analysis was extended to explore the distributions of other coordinating atoms, namely nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon, as well as anions and multivalent cations. (aps.org)
Cations may have significant effects on sludge conditioning by neutralization of negative surface charges, bridging of floc components, and the salting out effect, leading to improved dewaterability when used in conjunction with chitosan. (iwaponline.com)
Transport3
The identification of these proteins as members of the CPA2 family reveals that monovalent cation transport is required for Bacillus spore formation and germination. (wikipedia.org)
Our results suggest that transport systems for bivalent organic cations or uncharged compounds (ouabain) are able to eliminate the linear hydrophilic peptide tested. (nih.gov)
Cation transport numbers for four of these electrolytes were measured in Franz cells by the electromotive force method. (cdc.gov)
Molecular dynamics1
Using molecular dynamics and the energy-representation theory of solvation, we estimate the solvation free energy of caffeine and decompose it into the contributions from anions, cations, and water. (lu.se)
Diffusion1
One ("Slow rotational dynamics of cytosine NH2 groups in double-stranded DNA") is for Biochemistry , and the other ("Diffusion NMR-based comparison of electrostatic influences of DNA on various monovalent cations") is for Biophysical Journal . (utmb.edu)
Type1
VSFS allowed quantifying the surface charge, type of cation binding, and structural changes in the interfacial water molecules upon changes of the ion identity, concentration, and pH. (kth.se)
Results suggest1
The results suggest that the monovalent cations stabilize different carrier conformations. (uandes.cl)
Channel1
The molecular defects that transform AE1 into a cation channel are currently under investigation. (medscape.com)
Group2
Evolutions of synergistic binding between konjac glucomannan and xanthan with high pyruvate group content induced by monovalent and divalent cation concentration. (bvsalud.org)
2) All members of the group will ultimately dissociate into the common breakdown products of the Na+ or K+ cations and the P2O74-/PO43- anion. (europa.eu)
Increase1
Results for skin showed the expected increase in cation permselectivity for monovalent cations and a 40-110-fold reduction in effective diffusivities with respect to those in solution. (cdc.gov)
Water1
At the other end of the spectrum, net loss of cations and water results in the more common dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHSt), also called xerocytosis. (medscape.com)
Relevant1
Selective separation of monovalent cations from complex mixtures is an industrially relevant procedure necessary for the recovery of many commodity materials, such as lithium from salt brines. (aps.org)
Process1
Ehrlich BE , Diamond JM , Fry V, Meier K. Lithium's inhibition of erythrocyte cation countertransport involves a slow process in the erythrocyte. (academictree.org)