• Younger children may develop bronchiolitis , which is a viral infection that may lead to childhood asthma . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a viral lung infection common in young children and a major risk factor for developing childhood asthma. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, a study suggests that oral corticosteroids can decrease wheezing in the 12 months after viral infection and decrease the incidence of asthma by 30% in a 4-7-year follow-up. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Viral bronchiolitis is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children during the first 2 years of life and is the leading cause of hospitalisation among infants younger than 1 year [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Acute bronchiolitis is due to a viral infection usually affecting children younger than two years of age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute bronchiolitis is usually the result of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (72% of cases) or human rhinovirus (26% of cases). (wikipedia.org)
  • Infants with bronchiolitis between the age of two and three months have a second infection by bacteria (usually a urinary tract infection) less than 6% of the time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Croup is a respiratory condition caused by an acute viral infection. (healthline.com)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
  • It is usually due to a viral infection. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Bronchiolitis is usually caused by a viral infection. (familydoctor.co.nz)
  • Bronchiolitis is a condition in which the lower respiratory tract is infected and inflamed because of an acute infection from a virus. (differencebetween.net)
  • Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi and trachea while bronchiolitis is infection and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. (differencebetween.net)
  • Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract infection, most often caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). (bpac.org.nz)
  • The course of illness in infants with bronchiolitis can vary, although it often begins with symptoms similar to a cold, lasting approximately three days, which worsen as the infection spreads into the lower respiratory tract. (bpac.org.nz)
  • 2 Clinicians should consider a diagnosis of bronchiolitis in an infant aged under 12 months with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection during winter. (bpac.org.nz)
  • This viral infection primarily affects infants and young children, causing inflammation and obstruction in the small airways of the lungs. (bcm.edu)
  • Bronchiolitis is a viral infection that happens mostly in the late fall and winter. (cheo.on.ca)
  • By clarifying the roles of both host- (genetic) and virus- (environment) specific factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of viral LRTI, it may be possible to determine if severe LRTIs cause asthma, or if asthma susceptibility predisposes patients to severe LRTI in response to viral infection. (atsjournals.org)
  • There is no specific treatment for the viral infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • La proportion d'infections positives au VRS était plus élevée chez les patients hospitalisés pour une infection respiratoire aiguë que chez les patients en consultation externe souffrant de légers symptômes. (who.int)
  • What Is a Viral Infection? (medicinenet.com)
  • A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. (medicinenet.com)
  • With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. (medicinenet.com)
  • Is it a Bacterial or Viral Infection? (medicinenet.com)
  • Contaminated food and water are other potential sources of viral infection. (medicinenet.com)
  • Usually, a specific viral diagnosis is clinically unnecessary but may help distinguish a parainfluenza virus infection from a bacterial infection in patients with severe lower respiratory tract disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bronchiolitis is the most common respiratory infection leading to hospitalization and constitutes a significant healthcare burden. (bvsalud.org)
  • The highest risk of asthma at school age has been in a subgroup of bronchiolitis characterized by older age, high prevalence of RV infection, previous breathing problems, and/or eczema. (bvsalud.org)
  • The respiratory viral pathogen human metapneumovirus causes a spectrum of illnesses, which range from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
  • In a mouse model of bronchiolitis induced by RSV infection, functional ablation of OGG1 by a small molecule inhibitor (TH5487) enhances IFN-λ production, decreases immunopathology, neutrophilia, and confers antiviral protection. (lu.se)
  • 5. Active non-respiratory viral infection: meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonitis. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT This study aims to describe etiological agents, demographic details of patients, seasonality and underlying conditions among patients hospitalized due to viral severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Yemen. (who.int)
  • Non-allergic wheezing in children occurs during acute infections, including viral bronchiolitis. (cdc.gov)
  • A new way for oxygen treatment in infants with viral respiratory infections. (emergencyfoundation.org.au)
  • Viral infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Antibiotics are usually not recommended since infections are mainly viral. (differencebetween.net)
  • Her research is focused on the investigation of viral- and host-specific mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections. (utmb.edu)
  • Viral infections are important causes of asthma exacerbations in children, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), are a leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. (atsjournals.org)
  • The term ALRI included: acute broncho-pneumonia for bacterial infections, bronchiolitis for viral infections, pneumonia and pleuro-pneumonia. (scirp.org)
  • RSV remains important viral etiological agent causing influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections especially among infants in Morocco. (who.int)
  • How Long Are Viral Infections Contagious? (medicinenet.com)
  • Viral infections are contagious for varying periods of time depending on the virus. (medicinenet.com)
  • Respiratory viral infections affect the lungs, nose, and throat. (medicinenet.com)
  • Overview of Viral Respiratory Infections Viral infections commonly affect the upper or lower respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Other lower respiratory tract infections seen in children are croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), bronchitis, and bronchiolitis. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Most commonly, it is the result of infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), but it can occur as a result of chemical injury (gastric acid/aspiration of food/hydrocarbon and lipoid pneumonia/radiation-induced pneumonia). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Lymphocytic predominance may be seen in viral pneumonia, pertussis, and atypical infections. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • A randomized, controlled trial of the impact of early and rapid diagnosis of viral infections in children brought to an emergency department with febrile respiratory tract illnesses. (medscape.com)
  • Unexpectedly, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (Ogg1) knockout mice show enhanced stimuli-driven IFN expression that confers increased resistance to viral and bacterial infections and allergen challenges. (lu.se)
  • Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. (medscape.com)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important viral agent of childhood respiratory tract disease worldwide, causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Bronchiolitis typically presents in children under two years old and is characterized by a constellation of respiratory symptoms that consists of fever, rhinorrhea, cough, wheeze, tachypnea and increased work of breathing such as nasal flaring or grunting that develops over one to three days. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infants with mild bronchiolitis characteristically have cough, wheezing, nasal discharge, and chest recession with wheeze and crackles audible on chest auscultation. (bpac.org.nz)
  • If left untreated, patients with adult bronchiolitis may progress to develop cough , wheezing , and dyspnea . (wikidoc.org)
  • Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the small airways in the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Passive immunoprophylaxis with a monoclonal antibody against RSV, when given intramuscularly and monthly during winter, is effective in preventing severe RSV bronchiolitis in high-risk children who are born prematurely and in children under 2 years with chronic lung disease or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. (benthamscience.com)
  • Viral-mediated inhibition of antioxidant enzymes contributes to the pathogenesis of severe RSV bronchiolitis. (utmb.edu)
  • Bronchiolitis is more likely to happen to an infant who is a male aged between three and six months of age in winter who has not been breast-fed and who lives in a crowded house and who has to breathe in cigarette smoke from smokers also living in the house. (familydoctor.co.nz)
  • Once a susceptible infant has caught the virus it can take up to 7 days before bronchiolitis starts. (familydoctor.co.nz)
  • For mild bronchiolitis it can help to keep some steam in the air that the infant breathes. (familydoctor.co.nz)
  • A risk factor for bronchiolitis is being premature, a male infant, being born to a mother who smokes, and living in crowded conditions. (differencebetween.net)
  • Bronchiolitis is common in children below 2 years of age and is a leading cause of infant hospitalisation, accounting for $1.73 billion in hospital charges in the USA annually. (bmj.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization, linked to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr. Casola is a physician-scientist specialized in pediatric infectious diseases, with research expertise in the area of respiratory viral pathogens, lung inflammation, and cellular signaling. (utmb.edu)
  • BO and its clinical correlate bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) affect up to 50-60% of patients who survive 5 yrs after surgery, irrespective of the type of transplant procedure 1 , 4 - 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Bronchiolitis only affects infants who are younger than two years of age. (differencebetween.net)
  • Bronchiolitis typically affects infants aged under 12 months, with young infants or those born premature at greater risk of severe illness. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Testing for the specific viral cause can be done but has little effect on management and thus is not routinely recommended. (wikipedia.org)
  • Guidelines lack specific viral testing for bronchiolitis management. (bvsalud.org)
  • The symptoms of viral and bacterial illnesses are sometimes similar. (medicinenet.com)
  • Bronchiolitis is caused by viruses including parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus. (differencebetween.net)
  • Bronchiolitis can be caused by RSV, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza virus type 3. (differencebetween.net)
  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 1, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza virus type 3 are all known to cause clinical bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic bronchiolitis is the general term used for small airways disease in adults, notably in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another respiratory condition that significantly impacts pediatric emergency departments is bronchiolitis. (bcm.edu)
  • Only a few pediatric studies have examined the use of HFNC, with most focusing on this modality for viral bronchiolitis. (nih.gov)
  • Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. (medscape.com)
  • Bronchiolitis can be a serious illness for babies and toddlers. (familydoctor.co.nz)
  • Symptoms of the viral illness occur as a result of cell damage, tissue destruction, and the associated immune response. (medicinenet.com)
  • However, chronic allograft dysfunction in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans remains a major hurdle that threatens both the quality of life and long-term survival of the recipients. (ersjournals.com)
  • However, there are many different types of viral bronchiolitis, with variations occurring at an individual and viral level. (ersjournals.com)
  • Addressing these gaps necessitates the development and implementation of evidence-based guidelines, standardizing diagnostic criteria, and promoting appropriate supportive care measures to reduce hospitalizations and improve outcomes for children with bronchiolitis. (bcm.edu)
  • Tailored management strategies, informed by accurate viral testing, seem crucial in clinical practice for enhancing patient outcomes in severe bronchiolitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: Viral bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalisation in infants in the UK with wide variation in rates of hospitalisation in different geographical regions of the UK. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Rates of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in New Zealand have increased by approximately 50% since 2000. (bpac.org.nz)
  • The RDAI has poor discriminative and construct validity in predicting hospitalisation and LOS in bronchiolitis, in part because it does not include respiratory rate or O 2 saturation, both important variables for a clinician to determine disposition. (bmj.com)
  • Viral pneumonia decreases in frequency in healthy young and middle-aged adults, but it then increases substantially among the elderly. (medscape.com)
  • Due to its wetting properties, saline achieves an improved spreading of alveolar lining fluid and has been shown to reduce bio-aerosols and viral load. (springer.com)
  • Despite the associations between RSV-positive bronchiolitis and need for oxygen supplementation, and RV-positive bronchiolitis and a history of eczema, our study shows that viral etiology of bronchiolitis cannot be determined solely based on clinical presentation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Different approaches have been suggested for subtyping bronchiolitis based on viral etiology, atopic status, transcriptome profiles in blood, airway metabolome, lipidomic data, and airway microbiota. (bvsalud.org)
  • Long-term care facilities: a cornucopia of viral pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
  • Spyridaki IS, Christodoulou I, de Beer L, Hovland V, Kurowski M, Olszewska-Ziaber A. Comparison of four nasal sampling methods for the detection of viral pathogens by RT-PCR-A GA(2)LEN project. (medscape.com)
  • Despite scientific evidence proving that inhaled β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 -AR) agonists can reverse bronchoconstriction in all ages, current guidelines advocate against the use of β 2 -AR bronchodilators in infants with viral bronchiolitis because clinical trials have not demonstrated an overall clinical benefit. (ersjournals.com)
  • Thus, we summarised the current understanding of the individual factors that may help clinicians determine the highest probability of response to β 2 -AR bronchodilators during viral bronchiolitis, based on the individual immunobiology, viral pathogen, host factors and clinical presentation. (ersjournals.com)
  • This article discusses the alloimmune-dependent and -independent risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans, the current understanding of the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans based on results of animal and human studies, the clinical staging of the complication, strategies that may contribute to the prevention and/or early detection of bronchiolitis obliterans, and suggestions for future research. (ersjournals.com)
  • Bronchiolitis is often described to follow an expected clinical trajectory, with a peak in severity between days 3 and 5. (aap.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Bronchiolitis caused by RSV or RV presents with similar clinical features. (bvsalud.org)
  • The two main viral agents causing bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), have distinct cytopathic, immune response, and clinical characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bronchiolitis is caused by a virus, so antibiotics won't help. (cheo.on.ca)
  • The nucleocapsid, rather than naked viral RNA, is the template for mRNA and genome synthesis, thus understanding its structure is critical in beginning to understand the process of viral replication. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We measured practice before the 2015 NICE bronchiolitis guideline against the guideline, to obtain a benchmark of practice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Results: 39% of GPs did not refer to any guideline to manage infants with bronchiolitis, 33% did not routinely measure oxygen saturations, 48% prescribed an 'inappropriate' (evidence of no benefit) medication and 62% did not give written guidance to parents. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tests such as a chest X-ray or viral testing are not routinely needed. (wikipedia.org)