The basilar membrane is a stiff structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear which separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani. (wikipedia.org)
The basilar membrane is widest (0.42-0.65 mm) and least stiff at the apex of the cochlea, and narrowest (0.08-0.16 mm) and stiffest at the base (near the round and oval windows). (wikipedia.org)
A third, evolutionarily younger, function of the basilar membrane is strongly developed in the cochlea of most mammalian species and weakly developed in some bird species: the dispersion of incoming sound waves to separate frequencies spatially. (wikipedia.org)
The vibrations cause the fluid inside the cochlea to ripple (vibrate) which produces a travelling wave along the basilar membrane. (scirp.org)
The organ of Corti is larger and the basilar membrane on which it sits is longer as it gets further away from the base of the cochlea. (bcm.edu)
The perilymph inside the cochlea conducts the sound waves to the vestibular membrane. (kenyon.edu)
This is because the pure tone produces sufficient basilar-membrane vibrations in neighboring areas of the cochlea, where there are surviving IHCs and neurons. (interacoustics.com)
Cochlea, basilar membrane, and ciliate cells. (polimi.it)
The ear is divided into outer (pinna and tympanic membrane), middle (the three ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes), and inner (cochlea and basilar membrane) divisions. (lumenlearning.com)
As the ossicles move, the stapes presses into a thin membrane of the cochlea known as the oval window. (lumenlearning.com)
As the stapes presses into the oval window, the fluid inside the cochlea begins to move, which in turn stimulates hair cells , which are auditory receptor cells of the inner ear embedded in the basilar membrane. (lumenlearning.com)
The precise mechanism concerning how the sonic image is 'read' by the cochleae is still unknown but the team's present hypothesis is that each click-pulse causes the image to momentarily manifest on the basilar and tectorial membranes, thin sheets of tissue situated in the heart of each cochlea. (speakdolphin.com)
The Basilar Membrane runs the length of the cochlea, lined with over 10,000 hair cells containing stereocilia. (audiologicservices.com)
Tectorial membrane9
The hair cells are attached to the basilar membrane, and with the moving of the basilar membrane, the tectorial membrane and the hair cells are also moving, with the stereocilia bending with the relative motion of the tectorial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The tips of the outer hair cell stereocilia are imbedded in a gelatinous mass called the tectorial membrane which lies on top of the organ of Corti and is secreted from cells (not shown) on the left. (bcm.edu)
Microscopic cilia connect with the tectorial membrane and 'read' the shape of the imprint, creating a composite electrical signal representing the object's shape. (speakdolphin.com)
The ossicles are conjoined sequentially with the malleus anchored to the tympanic membrane and the stapes anchored to the inner ear. (kenyon.edu)
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup respectively conduct the oscillations of the tympanic membrane from sound vibrations entering the outer ear to the inner ear via the oval window. (kenyon.edu)
The increase in pressure in the nasopharynx is transmitted into the middle ear via the Eustachian tube, causing the tympanic membrane to pop [1, 2]. (kenyon.edu)
The outer ear includes the pinna , which is the visible part of the ear that protrudes from our heads, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane , or eardrum. (lumenlearning.com)
Penetrating injuries of the tympanic membrane may result in dislocations of the ossicular chain, fracture of the stapedial footplate, displacement of fragments of the ossicles, bleeding, a perilymph fistula from the oval or round window resulting in leakage of perilymph into the middle ear space, or facial nerve injury. (msdmanuals.com)
Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane causes sudden severe pain sometimes followed by bleeding from the ear, hearing loss, and tinnitus. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients with a large tympanic membrane defect should also be evaluated, because the displaced flaps may need to be repositioned. (msdmanuals.com)
Vibrate3
This causes sound input of a certain frequency to vibrate some locations of the membrane more than other locations. (wikipedia.org)
Now let that vibrate your basilar membrane. (npr.org)
Because high and low frequency sounds vibrate in different locations of the Basilar Membrane (like keys on the piano of the brain) the brain is able to complete an important task of localization to identify the source of a sound in space and interpret speech. (audiologicservices.com)
Cochlear2
Sterocilia move with the vibrations of the cochlear fluid and basilar membrane. (audiologicservices.com)
The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth. (medscape.com)
Scala tympani2
in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli would be opposed by those in the perilymph of the scala tympani, and little effective movement of the basilar membrane would result. (britannica.com)
7,8,9 HiFocus electrodes are designed with balanced stiffness, which allows for easy insertion within the scala tympani while making it less prone to bend upwards towards the basilar membrane and translocate. (advancedbionics.com)
Vibration5
When the vibration of the membrane rocks the triangular frames, the hairs on the cells are repeatedly displaced, and that produces streams of corresponding pulses in the nerve fibers, which are transmitted to the auditory pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Since the basilar membrane is attached to bone and ligament at its two ends, the area of maximal vibration is near the third (furthest right) row of outer hair cells. (bcm.edu)
2 The SP is by definition a distortion component which reflects the asymmetry of basilar membranevibration. (ispub.com)
In the case of endolymphatic hydrops, in which there is increased pressure in the scala media, the normal asymmetric vibration of the basilar membrane is altered, thus resulting in the large summating potential. (ispub.com)
The theory that pitch is determined by the location of greatest vibration on the basilar membrane. (freezingblue.com)
Vibrations3
The properties of the membrane at a given point along its length determine its characteristic frequency (CF), the frequency at which it is most sensitive to sound vibrations. (wikipedia.org)
Sound-driven vibrations travel as waves along this membrane, along which, in humans, lie about 3,500 inner hair cells spaced in a single row. (wikipedia.org)
Sound makes vibrations in the basilar membrane but not each hair cell moves, the moving hair cell all depends on the frequency of the sound which determine the movement. (audiologicservices.com)
Hairs2
Inside the basilar membrane, specialized hairs detect the sound waves and the action potentials created are sent to the brain via the vestibulocochlear nerves. (kenyon.edu)
The fluid then begins to ripple all around, sending tiny hairs into a frenzy inside the basilar membrane. (designgraphik.com)
Stereocilia2
The movement of the basilar membrane causes hair cell stereocilia movement. (wikipedia.org)
Movement of basilar membrane changes conformation of stereocilia resulting in increased K conductance. (powershow.com)
Potentials2
Those proteins are activated by sound-induced receptor potentials as the basilar membrane moves up and down. (wikipedia.org)
Because of properties related to sodium channels on the neuronal membrane that are involved in action potentials, there is a point at which a cell cannot fire any faster (Shamma, 2001). (lumenlearning.com)
Frequencies4
Each part of the basilar membrane, together with the surrounding fluid, can therefore be thought of as a "mass-spring" system with different resonant properties: high stiffness and low mass, hence high resonant frequencies at the near (base) end, and low stiffness and high mass, hence low resonant frequencies, at the far (apex) end. (wikipedia.org)
The tuning frequencies of the basilar membrane [4] . (researchgate.net)
The place theory of pitch perception suggests that different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies. (lumenlearning.com)
More specifically, the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies and the tip of the basilar membrane responds best to low frequencies. (lumenlearning.com)
Lamina2
Along with the vestibular membrane, several tissues held by the basilar membrane segregate the fluids of the endolymph and perilymph, such as the inner and outer sulcus cells (shown in yellow) and the reticular lamina of the organ of Corti (shown in magenta). (wikipedia.org)
title = Lamina lucida of basement membrane: an artefact. (wikidoc.org)
Produces1
7. These observations suggest that 5-HT-stimulated contraction in cerebrovascular smooth muscle is largely a result of mechanisms other than depolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane which it produces. (ox.ac.uk)
Stiff1
At the base, closest to the oval window, the membrane is stiff and only vibrates in response to short wavelength, high frequency sounds (like the buzz of fly).The membrane becomes more flexible toward the apex, there it only vibrates in the presence of longer wavelength, low frequency sound stimulation (like the humming of a bee). (audiologicservices.com)
Bony1
The organ of Corti is made up of hair cells and supporting cells (purple and blue, respectively) that sit on a flexible basilar membrane which is anchored to the bony shelf on the left and a ligament (not shown) on the right. (bcm.edu)
These motor proteins can amplify the movement, causing the basilar membrane to move a little bit more, amplifying the traveling wave. (wikipedia.org)
Elastic1
Manger described this membrane-like disc as "highly elastic in its plane but inelastic in bending. (stereophile.com)
Sensory1
There are hair cells, which are sensory cells, on top of the membrane. (americanhunter.org)
Defect2
Localization of the membrane defect in transepithelial transport of taurine by parallel studies in vivo and in vitro in hypertaurinuric mice. (jci.org)
This is the first time that a hereditary defect in amino acid transport has been assigned to a specific membrane surface in mammalian kidney. (jci.org)
Sound3
The basilar membrane moves up and down in response to incoming sound waves, which are converted to traveling waves on the basilar membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, sound waves travelling to the "floppier" end of the basilar membrane have to travel through a longer fluid column than sound waves travelling to the nearer, stiffer end. (wikipedia.org)
Inside of the vestibular membrane is endolymph fluid that conducts sound to the basilar membrane. (kenyon.edu)
Frequency2
The above animation shows the motion of the basilar membrane in response to a frequency modulated tone. (auditoryneuroscience.com)
Think of the Basilar Membrane as a frequency spectrum analyzer. (audiologicservices.com)
Move2
As the hair cells move up and down, their bristly structures bump against an overlying membrane and tilt to one side. (americanhunter.org)
it will move the membrane potential further away from threshold for AP. (freezingblue.com)
Endolymph1
Due to its location, the basilar membrane places the hair cells adjacent to both the endolymph and the perilymph, which is a precondition of hair cell function. (wikipedia.org)
Pitch1
Therefore, hair cells that are in the base portion would be labeled as high-pitch receptors, while those in the tip of basilar membrane would be labeled as low-pitch receptors (Shamma, 2001). (lumenlearning.com)
Traveling wave1
The motion of the basilar membrane is generally described as a traveling wave. (wikipedia.org)
Depolarization3
The role of membrane depolarization in the contractile response of the rabbit basilar artery to 5-hydroxytryptamine. (ox.ac.uk)
2. Simultaneous measurement of membrane potential and wall tension (n = 43, thirteen vessels) showed that the onset of 5-HT-induced depolarization coincided with the onset of smooth muscle contraction in the majority of cells studied. (ox.ac.uk)
Rhythmic membrane depolarization was always followed by rhythmic smooth muscle contraction, which peaked 2-4 s after the peak of the fast depolarization. (ox.ac.uk)
Tissue1
This membrane is frequently displaced during tissue preparation and, therefore, is not always seen in its proper location. (digitalhistology.org)
Cells5
The basilar membrane is also the base for the hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the membrane of the outer hair cells there are motor proteins associated with the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10(-9)-10(-4) M) depolarized and contracted smooth muscle cells (resting potential: -69.1 +/- 0.9 mV, n = 112) in isolated cylindrical segments of the rabbit basilar artery. (ox.ac.uk)
It has an internal membrane, called the basilar membrane, which is covered in hair cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Hair cells that are found on top of the basilar membrane ride the wave. (scirp.org)
Thin2
His daughter, Daniela Manger, who now serves as Manger Audio's chief engineer and CEO, explained via email that "the rigidity of this thin flexible diaphragm decreases from the center to the outside at an equal ratio, similar to the basilar membrane in our ear. (stereophile.com)
After pestering Daniela Manger to tell me exactly what the MST's membrane is made of, she sent an explanation: "It is a three-layer sandwich, two very thin outer foils and in between there is a plastic with special properties. (stereophile.com)
Structures2
But unlike the parallel strings of a guitar, the basilar membrane is not a discrete set of resonant structures, but a single structure with varying width, stiffness, mass, damping, and duct dimensions along its length. (wikipedia.org)
This partition is called the basilar membrane because it serves as the base, or ground floor, on which key hearing structures sit. (hearingloss.org)
Motion1
The blue line shows a simulation of the basilar membranemotion, which exhibits a characteristic standing wave. (auditoryneuroscience.com)
Technique1
Reid said, "The CymaScope imaging technique substitutes a circular water membrane for the dolphin's tectorial, gel-like membrane and a camera for the dolphin's brain. (speakdolphin.com)
Flexible1
Waves resonate at specific point on the (flexible) Basilar membrane (i.e. specific anatomical site is associated with maximal displacement of membrane). (powershow.com)
External1
In birds this is a double membrane and slightly convex on the external side. (earthlife.net)