Background radiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

It also accounts for the expansion of the Universe, the existence of the Cosmic Microwave Background , and a broad range of other phenomena. (universetoday.com)
Who Discovered the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation? (journalofcosmology.com)
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is radiation that fills the universe and is believed to be the afterglow of the Big Bang. (journalofcosmology.com)
The cosmic microwave background radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that permeates the entire universe, and it is considered one of the most significant pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory of the universe's origin. (journalofcosmology.com)
In this text, we will explore the history of the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and the scientists who made this groundbreaking discovery possible. (journalofcosmology.com)
Key takeaway: The discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) provided evidence for the Big Bang theory, inflationary universe theory, and contributed to the understanding of dark matter and dark energy. (journalofcosmology.com)
The discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was a significant event in the study of the universe. (journalofcosmology.com)
We have devoted our research activities to developing high accuracy component separation scheme which is able to separate cosmic microwave background radiation signal and foreground emission components signals originated from interstellar matter in our Galaxy from observed polarization data in microwave bands. (nii.ac.jp)
Primordial background radiation is in actuality Cosmic Microwave Background. (answers.com)
The Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) - also known as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB or CMBR) or Relic Radiation - is thought to be the faint afterglow from the 'fireball' of the big bang , which has slowly been cooling in temperature since the Universe was created around 13.8 billion years ago. (starparty.com)
One of the most crucial pieces of evidence that supports this theory is the leftover radiation that can still be found in the empty vastness of space-the Cosmic Microwave Background. (wpioneer.com)
This lesson defines cosmic microwave background radiation, including the history behind its discovery and what this tells us about the universe as a whole. (wpioneer.com)
cosmic microwave background The microwave radiation that arrives at the Earth from every direction in space. (wpioneer.com)
translation and definition "cosmic microwave background radiation", English-German Dictionary online. (wpioneer.com)
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is thought to be leftover radiation from the Big Bang, or the time when the universe began. (wpioneer.com)
From meticulous studies of the cosmic microwave background radiation to the unearthing of planets around other heavenly bodies, to investigate the impact of galaxies aged billions of years, and exploration expeditions to other, astronomers are fast structuring a representation of the cosmos and its development process by which it is evolving with immense aspects than ever before. (assignster.com)
Accurate measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation are critical to astronomy, since any proposed representation of the cosmos should make clear this radiation. (assignster.com)
The CMRB radiance is at a temperature of 2.725 K no matter the bearing observed in the sky, and its spectrum 'a thermal blackbody' hits the highest point of its microwave range frequency of 160.2 GHz thus it derives its name 'the cosmic microwave background radiation' from this characteristic. (assignster.com)
The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is widely interpreted as the thermal afterglow of a hot big bang. (princeton.edu)

But during the time that humans have existed the amount of radiation has decreased very little. (wikipedia.org)
What they call monitoring means only measuring the amount of radiation in the air. (infiniteunknown.net)
Without medical treatment, nearly everyone who receives more than this amount of radiation will die within 30 days. (medlineplus.gov)
The severity of symptoms and illness (acute radiation sickness) depends on the type and amount of radiation, how long you were exposed, and which part of the body was exposed. (medlineplus.gov)
Because it is difficult to determine the amount of radiation exposure from nuclear accidents, the best signs of the severity of the exposure are: the length of time between the exposure and the onset of symptoms, the severity of symptoms, and severity of changes in white blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
At the end of inﬂation this ﬁelds enters an oscillating phase, and if the oscillations become resonant it is possible to produce a huge amount of radiation of any kind, including a gravitational component, as discussed by Bruce Bassett, Sergei Khlebnikov, and Igor Tkachev. (discoveryking.com)
The amount of radiation is measured in several different units. (msdmanuals.com)
The gray (Gy) and sievert (Sv) are measures of the dose of radiation, which is the amount of radiation deposited in matter, and are the units used to measure dose in humans after exposure to radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
Making certain the least possible amount of radiation needed to obtain a good quality image is used for your procedure. (cdc.gov)
If you are pregnant, the doctor may decide that it would be best to cancel the medical imaging procedure, to postpone it, or to modify it to reduce the amount of radiation. (cdc.gov)

Background radiation is a measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources. (wikipedia.org)
The workroom contains subcritical experimental facilities with sources of ionizing radiation. (easychair.org)
Ionizing radiation, consanguinity, and nearness of birthplace of the spouse are risk factors for the death of offspring and for anomalies. (nih.gov)
Understanding exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation are relevant since most environmental, diagnostic radiology and occupational exposures lie in this region. (ncbs.res.in)
the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a unit mass of tissue. (cdc.gov)
ionizing radiation from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation due to radionuclides in the soil or cosmic radiation originating in outer space. (cdc.gov)
reports of the National Research Council's committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. (cdc.gov)
Ionizing radiation causes many forms of cancer. (sciencing.com)
A link may also exist between ionizing radiation and cancers of the pancreas, sinuses and larynx. (sciencing.com)
Radiation sickness is illness and symptoms resulting from excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. (medlineplus.gov)
Ionizing radiation causes immediate effects on human tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
Radiation sickness results when humans (or other animals) are exposed to very large doses of ionizing radiation. (medlineplus.gov)
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for ionizing radiation . (cdc.gov)
This public health statement tells you about ionizing radiation and the effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
It does not tell you about non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves, ultrasound, or ultraviolet radiation. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to ionizing radiation can come from many sources. (cdc.gov)
You can learn when and where you may be exposed to sources of ionizing radiation in the exposure section below. (cdc.gov)
However, it's unknown how many of the 1,467 current or former NPL sites have been evaluated for the presence of ionizing radiation sources. (cdc.gov)
As more sites are evaluated, the sites with ionizing radiation may increase. (cdc.gov)
This information is important because exposure to ionizing radiation may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Even in the event that you are exposed, it does not necessarily mean you will be harmed or suffer longterm health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
If you are exposed to ionizing radiation, many factors determine whether you'll be harmed. (cdc.gov)
What is ionizing radiation? (cdc.gov)
To explain what ionizing radiation is, we will start with a discussion of atoms, how they come to be radioactive, and how they give off ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
Of the different types and sources of ionizing radiation, this profile will discuss the three main types: alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. (cdc.gov)
Before defining ionizing radiation, it is useful to first describe an atom. (cdc.gov)
Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
Encouraging newcomers to the field to properly and efficiently function in a versatile and evolving work setting, it familiarizes them with the particular problems faced during the application of ionizing radiation in medicine. (routledge.com)
They explore a range of individual uses of ionizing radiation in various branches of medicine, including radiology, nuclear medicine, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. (routledge.com)
Here, we tested the hypothesis that ecological mechanisms interact with ionizing radiation to affect natural populations in unexpected ways. (jyu.fi)
Purpose: Animals are exposed to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) externally through proximity to contaminated soil and internally through ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides. (jyu.fi)
Radiation injury is damage to tissues caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause acute illness by reducing the production of blood cells and damaging the digestive tract. (msdmanuals.com)
A very large dose of ionizing radiation can also damage the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular system), brain, and skin. (msdmanuals.com)
Ionizing radiation can increase the risk of cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
In general, ionizing radiation refers to high-energy electromagnetic waves (x-rays and gamma rays) and particles (alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons) that are capable of stripping electrons from atoms (ionization). (msdmanuals.com)
By changing molecules in the highly ordered environment of the cell, ionizing radiation can disrupt and damage cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Depending on the magnitude of the dose, organs exposed, and types of radiation cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation can cause acute illness, increase the risk of developing cancer, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Ionizing radiation is emitted by radioactive substances (radionuclides), such as uranium, radon, and plutonium. (msdmanuals.com)
In this discussion, "radiation" refers exclusively to ionizing radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
Some of these tests involve exposure to ionizing radiation, which can present risks to patients. (cdc.gov)
As in many areas of medicine, there are risks associated with the use of medical imaging which uses ionizing radiation to create images of the body. (cdc.gov)
Health effects that could occur after a large acute exposure to ionizing radiation such as skin reddening and hair loss. (cdc.gov)
How can you reduce your exposure to diagnostic ionizing radiation? (cdc.gov)
Checking to see if a test that does not use ionizing radiation can provide similar information. (cdc.gov)

The International Atomic Energy Agency states: "Exposure to radiation from natural sources is an inescapable feature of everyday life in both working and public environments. (wikipedia.org)
an exposure to radiation that occurred in a matter of minutes rather than in longer, continuing exposure over a period of time. (cdc.gov)
The roentgen (R) is a measure of the ionizing ability of radiation in air and is commonly used to express the intensity of exposure to radiation. (msdmanuals.com)

These include both cosmic radiation and environmental radioactivity from naturally occurring radioactive materials (such as radon and radium), as well as man-made medical X-rays, fallout from nuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents. (wikipedia.org)
An example would be measurement of radioactive contamination in a gamma radiation background, which could increase the total reading above that expected from the contamination alone. (wikipedia.org)
Background radiation varies with location and time, and the following table gives examples: Radioactive material is found throughout nature. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to this internal exposure, humans also receive external exposure from radioactive materials that remain outside the body and from cosmic radiation from space. (wikipedia.org)
Introduction 1 Situations such as prolonged exposure to naturally occurring radionuclides (e.g., radon), improper operation of radioactive sources, and leakage of nuclear materials may considerably increase the risk of radioactive substances entering the body through inhalation, ingestion, and absorption, thereby resulting in internal radiation exposure. (sinap.ac.cn)
Depleted uranium has several peaceful applications: as counterweights or ballast in aircraft, radiation shields in medical equipment used for radiation therapy and containers for the transport of radioactive materials. (who.int)
Doctors remove as much external and internal (that which is inhaled or ingested) radioactive material as possible and treat symptoms and complications of radiation injury. (msdmanuals.com)
Once in the body, radioactive material may be transported to various sites, such as the bone marrow, where it continues to emit radiation, increasing the person's radiation exposure, until it is removed or emits all its energy (decays). (msdmanuals.com)
The dating method is based on the mineral grains reaction to natural, radioactive background radiation, and their ability to accumulate energy within themselves, a process that takes place continuously during dark/cool conditions. (lu.se)

Chronic exposure of humans to high level natural background radiation leads to robust expression of protective stress response proteins. (ncbs.res.in)
A local monazite-rich high level natural radiation area (HLNRA) in the state of Kerala on the south-west coast of Indian subcontinent show radiation doses extending from ≤ 1 to ≥ 45 mGy/y and thus, serve as a model resource to understand low dose mechanisms directly on healthy humans. (ncbs.res.in)
Humans encounter background radiation every day. (sciencing.com)
Humans suffer few ill effects when the background radiation remains within these levels. (sciencing.com)

This is important where radiation measurements are taken of a specified radiation source, where the existing background may affect this measurement. (wikipedia.org)
However, if no radiation source is specified as being of concern, then the total radiation dose measurement at a location is generally called the background radiation, and this is usually the case where an ambient dose rate is measured for environmental purposes. (wikipedia.org)
For more information, see " Primer on Radiation Measurement " at the end of this document. (cdc.gov)
Body counter Radiation background Shielding room In vivo measurement. (sinap.ac.cn)
These values were all within the background measurement of 0.10 μ Sv/hr. (scirp.org)

The data will allow better integration of radiation biology and epidemiology for risk assessment [Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022380]. (ncbs.res.in)

Radiation exposures from natural background. (harvard.edu)
During the operation of an X-ray machine, if the radiation protection of X-ray room is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray exposures. (scirp.org)
The scattered radiation exposures of X-rays in some selected areas within the facility were measured. (scirp.org)

The CMBR is believed to be the radiation that was left over from the hot and dense early universe, which has cooled down to just a few degrees above absolute zero. (journalofcosmology.com)
The CMBR is believed to be the radiation that was left over from the hot and dense early universe, and it is an important tool for studying the early universe and its structure and evolution. (journalofcosmology.com)
Discovered inadvertently by two Bell Laboratories astronomers in 1964, the CMBR is the residual radiation from the Big Bang that fills the universe in all directions. (particlezoo.net)

The concept of a system for visualizing the distribution of the radiation background in a workroom located in the educational laboratory of the Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics of Nuclear Reactors at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI is proposed. (easychair.org)
Combining facets of health physics with medicine, An Introduction to Radiation Protection in Medicine covers the background of the subject and the medical situations where radiation is the tool to diagnose or treat human disease. (routledge.com)

Throughout the measurements, the radiation background is the key factor that determines the sensitivity of the counter. (sinap.ac.cn)
Therefore, to facilitate in vivo measurements, a well-designed shielding room is required to create a low-background environment. (sinap.ac.cn)

The conclusive evidence that the universe began in a fiery ball of radiation, some 13.8 billion years ago, came from the discovery of what the Russians have called 'relic' radiation even before it was discovered! (bernardlavenda.org)
Just a few miles from where they made their discovery at Holmdel NJ, Dicke and Peebles were working on Gamow's conjecture of a hot big bang as the birth of the universe whose relic radiation would be about 5 degrees Kelvin. (bernardlavenda.org)

Amongst all those alternative backgrounds, a very intense one could be associated with the gravitational radiation produced by what are known as topological defects, i.e., geometric conﬁgurations characterized by particular symmetry properties: spherical symmetry for monopoles, cylindrical symmetry for cosmic strings, planar symmetry for membranes, and so on. (discoveryking.com)
These objects may have survived this transition, and their vibrations could have produced a cosmic background of gravitational waves. (discoveryking.com)
This possible source of cosmic gravitational radiation was suggested by Michael Turner and Frank Wilczeck at the beginning of the 1990s. (discoveryking.com)
We calculate the gravitational radiation background generated from boson star binaries formed in locally dense clusters with formation rate tracked by the regular star formation rate. (tau.ac.il)

This also may be an etiology for the changes seen with radiation necrosis. (medscape.com)

This type of radiation is used for medical testing and treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and the type of radiation. (cdc.gov)

There are two main types of radiation: nonionizing and ionizing. (medlineplus.gov)
Finally, we will describe the more important types of radiation to which you may be exposed. (cdc.gov)
The Gy and Sv are similar, except the Sv takes into account the effectiveness of different types of radiation to cause damage and the sensitivity of different tissues in the body to radiation. (msdmanuals.com)

Bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract are especially sensitive to radiation injury. (medlineplus.gov)

Some firms are developing devices (batteries) which could charge from ambient electromagnetic radiation (background electromagnetic fields, background microwave radiation , etc). (emfacts.com)
This radiation gives deep space its ambient temperature of 2.72548 ± 0.00057 Kelvin, i.e. approximately 3 degrees above absolute zero, or around -270 degrees Celsius. (starparty.com)
We show linear decreases in breeding success with increasing ambient radiation levels with no evidence of any threshold below which effects are not seen. (jyu.fi)

Edema and the presence of tumor render the CNS parenchyma in the tumor bed more susceptible to radiation necrosis. (medscape.com)
Postoperative adhesions that fix small bowel loops within the pelvis make these loops susceptible to radiation injury. (medscape.com)

Even exposure to safe levels of radiation may increase a person's risk of developing cancer. (sciencing.com)

Because radiation is increasingly used to treat pelvic malignancies, the surgical prevention and treatment of the complications of radiation enteritis and proctitis continues to evolve. (medscape.com)

In the context of modern science, astronomy and astrophysics, it also refers to all spacetime, all forms of energy (i.e. electromagnetic radiation and matter) and the physical laws that bind them. (universetoday.com)

Exposure to high levels of radiation causes a condition known as radiation sickness. (sciencing.com)
Radiation sickness is generally associated with acute exposure and has a characteristic set of symptoms that appear in an orderly fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
Total body exposure of 50 to100 roentgens/rad or 0.5 to1 Gray unit (Gy), equal to 500 to1,000 mSv causes radiation sickness. (medlineplus.gov)
Total body exposure of 400 roentgens/rad (or 4 Gy) causes radiation sickness and death in half of the individuals who are exposed. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptoms of radiation sickness may occur right after exposure, or over the next few days, weeks, or months. (medlineplus.gov)

One of the major and debilitating adverse effects of radiation therapy is the development of radiation enteritis and proctitis. (medscape.com)
The direct effects of radiation on the bowel mucosa lead to acute radiation enteritis. (medscape.com)
Warren and Friedman described both the early and late effects of radiation therapy on the intestine. (medscape.com)
The development of improved dosimetry techniques, as well as patient selection and positioning during delivery of radiation therapy, were crucial to decrease the harmful effects of radiation on the intestines. (medscape.com)

One important form is the microwave background radiation, which peaks at about 1 mm wavelength (i.e. (wpioneer.com)
This telescope guarded against the diffraction of stray signals into the antenna, unlike that of Penzias and Wilson, and measured only a temperature of 2.6 K. Taking all other contributions into account that left nothing for the microwave background radiation which they were supposed to find at an 8 mm wavelength. (bernardlavenda.org)
There is a small dipole anisotropy of about 0.0033 degrees associated with the motion of the Milky Way through the microwave background. (bernardlavenda.org)

Both radiation enteritis and proctitis have acute (early) and chronic (late) manifestations. (medscape.com)
Chronic radiation enteritis is an indolent but relentlessly progressive disease. (medscape.com)
Chronic intestinal radiation injury is a result of transmural bowel damage with associated obliterative endarteritis. (medscape.com)
Nuclear accidents underpin the need to quantify the ecological mechanisms which determine injury to ecosystems from chronic low‐dose radiation. (jyu.fi)

This electromagnetic radiation , which permeates space, is extremely uniform in every direction, and has the profile of a blackbody radiation curve, now centred in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. (starparty.com)

On the basis of several experiments, it was recognized that most of the properties of this radiation are similar to those of electromagnetic waves of very short wavelengths. (scirp.org)

As the use of radiation therapy and x-rays in medicine increased, the harmful adverse effects were better recognized. (medscape.com)

It wasn't until the launch of the COBE and Planck satellites that the unsymmetrical bell-shaped curve characteristic of black body radiation was supposedly mapped out--and at the precise temperature reported by Penzias and Wilson. (bernardlavenda.org)

[ 5 ] Once the risks associated with radiation therapy were recognized, attempts followed to prevent these complications. (medscape.com)
millisieverts reflect how much radiation a body absorbs, so it can help determine potential health risks. (nih.gov)
Moreover, there were no risks of high radiation doses to patients, staffs and people visiting the X-ray department. (scirp.org)

Radiation also causes mutations to a person's genetic code. (sciencing.com)

In reality George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, & Robert Herman had envisaged in 1948 that the cosmic microwave radiation background as a leftover of the development of the early cosmos. (assignster.com)

I will explore the following topics: (1) I will discuss modeling the ultraviolet through infrared Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), which is the background light from all of the stars and dust that have existed in the observable universe. (wisc.edu)
Cosmic background radiation definition, electromagnetic radiation coming from every direction in the universe, considered the remnant of the big bang and corresponding to the black-body radiation of 3 K, the temperature to which the universe has cooled. (wpioneer.com)
Cosmic background radiation definition: electromagnetic radiation coming from every direction in the universe , considered the. (wpioneer.com)
It is a form of isotropic/electromagnetic radiation covering the universe left over from the earlier stages of development of the universe. (assignster.com)
With the big bang theory being one of the most comprehensive theories in figuring out the origins of the universe and its approximate age, the cosmic microwave radiation background plays a fundamental role in understanding the big bang. (assignster.com)
The Cosmic Microwave Radiation Background also known as CMRB, CRB or CMB is the remnant left behind (afterglow) after occurrence of the big bang 13.7billion years ago "cooled to a faint whisper in the microwave spectrum by the expansion of the Universe for 15 billion years (which causes the radiation originally produced in the big bang to redshift to longer wavelengths). (assignster.com)
Because this radiation provides a snapshot of the universe at that time, it has become the Rosetta stone of cosmology. (assignster.com)
It is a pale glow and referred to as a background of microwave photons due to the fact that it does not linked to any particular star, cloud, galaxy or any other object in the universe(Seeds & Backman 2009). (assignster.com)
In the aftermath of the big bang as the universe cooled down, remnant radiation formed from the cooling of the radiation and plasma filling the expanding universe. (assignster.com)
Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding in all directions and consequent discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Radiation Background, the remnant of some cataclysmic explosion billions of years ago have all helped to… generate scientific support to the big abng theory'(Germadnik 2001). (assignster.com)
This type of process is also called pre-heating of the Universe , referring to the fact the resulting radiation is not yet in thermal equilibrium, and that only at later stages will it be possible to deﬁne a cosmic temperature. (discoveryking.com)

In the clinical situation of a recurrent astrocytoma (postradiation therapy), radiation necrosis presents a diagnostic dilemma. (medscape.com)
A relationship between increased blood-brain barrier permeability and radiation therapy has been posited to contribute to this leukoencephalopathy and to methotrexate-induced vasculopathy. (medscape.com)
They note that although radiation therapy can provide some palliation in such patients, it can also result in radiation necrosis and neurologic decline. (medscape.com)
Radiation therapy is a mainstay in the treatment of both primary and recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) and pelvic malignancies. (medscape.com)
The symptoms of most patients resolve within weeks of radiation therapy cessation. (medscape.com)
Patients may present with symptoms within months or even decades after the injuring radiation therapy. (medscape.com)
Exposure may be accidental or intentional (as in radiation therapy for disease treatment). (medlineplus.gov)
It is also produced by devices, such as x-ray and radiation therapy machines. (msdmanuals.com)

This is four times the worldwide average artificial radiation exposure, which in 2008 amounted to about 0.6 millisieverts (60 mrem) per year. (wikipedia.org)
The median effective radiation dose for the new scanner was 0.93 millisieverts (mSv), compared to 2.67 mSv for the first-generation scanner, and almost every patient (103 of 107) received less than 4 mSv of radiation. (nih.gov)

We won't even question what consists the opaque enclosure necessary to obtain black body radiation. (bernardlavenda.org)

As opposed to the focal nature of radiation necrosis, diffuse cerebral atrophy is characterized by bihemispheric sulci enlargement, brain atrophy, and ventriculomegaly. (medscape.com)
Since the nature of radiation was hitherto unknown, it was called X-rays. (scirp.org)

It may be seen in greater than 90% of patients older than 60 years who have been successfully treated with combination chemotherapy and whole-brain radiation. (medscape.com)

Radiation creates ionized oxygen species that react with cellular DNA. (medscape.com)
In protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, YWHAZ (14-3-3ζ) emerged as the top-most hub protein that may direct phosphorylation driven pro-survival cellular processes against radiation stress. (ncbs.res.in)

In this study, we conducted a systematic experimental investigation on the radiation background outside and inside four representative body counters with assorted designs using a variety of radiation detectors, including high-purity germanium detectors, CdZnTe detector, radon emanometer, and gamma-ray dosimeter. (sinap.ac.cn)

The cosmic microwave radiation background can be termed as the most studied bit of evidence that explains the Big Bang. (assignster.com)
We should mention that if the cosmic string network (generating the graviton background) has been produced in models of brane- antibrane inﬂation (see Chap. 10), then the peak intensity of the spectrum could be comparable to that predicted by pre-Big-Bang models. (discoveryking.com)
A globally ﬂat graviton spectrum may also be produced in the context of the pre-Big-Bang scenario if the metric ﬂuctuations, besides their primordial, direct ampliﬁcation due to inﬂation, are indirectly ampliﬁed even during the post-Big-Bang era thanks to the presence of a cosmic background of particles called axions. (discoveryking.com)

They also pose a serious internal radiation threat if beta-emitting atoms are ingested or inhaled . (cdc.gov)

Although the benefits of treatment with radiation are well established, damage to the healthy, nonneoplastic tissue may be severe. (medscape.com)
Radiation injury due to large and very large doses is referred to as a tissue reaction. (msdmanuals.com)

To quantitatively evaluate the radiation dosages for individual organs and tissues under such circumstances, it is critical to accurately determine the distribution of radionuclides in the body and the corresponding radioactivity. (sinap.ac.cn)

Several proteins involved in diverse biological processes such as DNA repair, RNA processing, chromatin modifications and cytoskeletal organization showed distinct expression in HLNRA individuals, suggestive of both recovery and adaptation to low dose radiation. (ncbs.res.in)

Thus, we can obtain no more than 0.5 mW DC power from the total radiation in the frequency range up to 2.5 GHz. (emfacts.com)
I might add that in Finland total radiation in frequency range up to 5 GHz does not usually exceed 0.0001 mW/cm2. (emfacts.com)
Unfortunately, total radiation in frequency range above 5 GHz can often be very high. (emfacts.com)

That left a whopping 3.5 degrees to some unknown radiation. (bernardlavenda.org)
The discovery of new and unknown radiation stimulated the imagination of many workers who made serious attempts to establish its nature. (scirp.org)

Also, for more information on radiation safety in adult medical imaging, please visit the Image Wisely website . (cdc.gov)

Environmental radiation--an important concern in the Himalayas (Nepal). (harvard.edu)

Background radiation originates from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial. (wikipedia.org)
In Europe, average natural background exposure by country ranges from under 2 mSv (200 mrem) annually in the United Kingdom to more than 7 mSv (700 mrem) annually for some groups of people in Finland. (wikipedia.org)
Comparison of natural background dose rates for residents of the Amargosa Valley, NV, to those in Leadville, CO, and the states of Colorado and Nevada. (harvard.edu)
Half of this dose comes from natural background radiation. (medlineplus.gov)

Terrestrial radiation, for the purpose of the table above, only includes sources that remain external to the body. (wikipedia.org)
a serious illness caused by receiving a dose greater than 75 rads of penetrating radiation to the body in a short time (usually minutes). (cdc.gov)
They learn how to work around problems and discover new ways radiation can be helpful or harmful to the human body. (answers.com)
The body replaces dead cells killed by radiation exposure through the same biological processes that it uses to replace other cells. (sciencing.com)
Nationwide, coronary CT angiography typically involves effective radiation doses between 5 and 20 mSv, depending on the patient's body type and the quality of the machine. (nih.gov)
The longer a person is exposed to radiation, the more energy the body will be absorbed from the radiation. (scirp.org)
This is not to be mistaken with the idea that the radiation will somewhat stay in the body causing other health effects. (scirp.org)
Any time radiation interacts with the body, it has the potential to damage the cells in the body, possibly leading to health effects. (scirp.org)
How much radiation people are exposed to and how much is deposited in their body may be very different. (msdmanuals.com)
Providing protective lead shielding to prevent exposing other areas of the body to radiation. (cdc.gov)

A new computed tomography (CT) scanner substantially reduces potentially harmful radiation while still improving overall image quality. (nih.gov)

The level over the sea and other large bodies of water tends to be about a tenth of the terrestrial background. (wikipedia.org)
Sources of the most powerful background microwave radiation in the frequency range above 5 GHz are radars, radio relay links and terrestrial base stations for satellite communication. (emfacts.com)

X-rays and gamma-rays are really just light ( electromagnetic radiation ) that has very high energy. (nasa.gov)
In a genetic epidemiological and fertility survey among 70,000 inhabitants in a high-background radiation region (HBRR) and normal radiation region (NRR) in Kerala, India, 985 persons were found to have heritable anomalies. (nih.gov)
It won't help these children or their parents to avoid high-radiation areas and spots, it won't tell them how much radiation they will have been exposed unless they are sent in to a company to interpret the data. (infiniteunknown.net)
Functional analysis of polymorphism haplotypes of MGMT in residents of high background radiation area. (bvsalud.org)
To investigate the distribution of polymorphisms and their frequent haplotypes in the regulatory region of MGMT in residents of high background radiation area (HBRA) and their impacts on transcriptional activity, we collected DNA samples from 83 healthy Chinese residents in HBRA and searched for genetic polymorphisms in the regulatory region of MGMT. (bvsalud.org)
Most of the radiation people get exposed to does not occur in high enough concentrations to cause any ill effects. (sciencing.com)
If a person vomits less than an hour after being exposed, that usually means the radiation dose received is very high and death may be expected. (medlineplus.gov)
Accidental exposure to high doses of radiation, such as radiation from a nuclear power plant accident. (medlineplus.gov)
In the cosmic string case - studied in particular by Alexander Vilenkin, Bruce Allen, Richard Battye, Robert Caldwell, and Paul Shellard - the resulting background is characterized by a spectrum which is ﬂat at high frequencies, but much more intense than the de Sitter spectrum, as shown in the ﬁgure. (discoveryking.com)
These radiations are produced mainly by machines when high voltage electrons interact with matter. (scirp.org)

In the 20-54 yr old age group, there was an association between leukemia morbidity and index of background radiation. (nih.gov)

This radiation field can absorb gamma-rays to produce electron-positron pairs, and can thus be probed with gamma-ray observations, as well as optical and infrared surveys. (wisc.edu)

Your daily dose of paranoic background radiation is ready for ingestion. (background-radiation.com)

Radiation necrosis can occur when radiotherapy is used to treat primary CNS tumors, metastatic disease, or head and neck malignancies. (medscape.com)
While the term radiation necrosis is used to refer to radiation injury, pathology is not limited to necrosis and a spectrum of injury patterns may occur. (medscape.com)
Radiation necrosis and diffuse cerebral atrophy are considered long-term complications of radiotherapy that occur from months to decades after radiation treatment. (medscape.com)
Radiation exposure can occur as a single large exposure ( acute ). (medlineplus.gov)

In this work, we experimentally studied the robustness of a state-of-the-art unmixing algorithm to different radiation background spectra, due to varying atmospheric conditions, in the 16 °C to 28 °C temperature range. (hw.ac.uk)
In this case, the intensity of the resulting background strictly de- pends upon the production temperature. (discoveryking.com)

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