B cell activation factor receptor. Medical search. Frequent questions

The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers has been the most relevant finding ever in non-small cell lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway by nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer cells. (sinica.edu.tw)
There are 3 dominant receptor types that are exclusive to research : the epidermal growth factor receptor, the neurotrophin receptor, and the insulin receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Although a number of studies have shown that patients with activating mutations in exons 18-21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene respond particularly well to gefitinib and erlotinib, a prospective, randomised study was needed to differentiate between the prognostic and predictive value of EGFR mutations. (ersjournals.com)
Clinically relevant improvements in survival have been attained by administering targeted therapy to the appropriate patient population: for example, the addition of trastuzumab to standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer 3 . (ersjournals.com)
This review considers the current evidence linking biomarker profile to efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical implications of recent findings. (ersjournals.com)

Moreover, we dissected the signaling pathway from the cell surface receptors to RhoA using a broad-spectrum G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonist, [D-Arg1,D-Trp5,7,9,Leu11]Substance P (SP), and a recently reported Galphaq/11-selective inhibitor, YM-254890. (nih.gov)
The proto-oncogene product Vav is required for receptor clustering, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells, and Vav was identified as a substrate in the TCR and B cell receptor signaling pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
We found that most of the previously described PAR 1 -targeted agents can also activate/desensitize PAR 2 , and most of these peptides can also activate a calcium signaling pathway in a target cell that possesses PAR 2 along with PAR 1 . (aspetjournals.org)
Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, the roles of the p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathway in IGF-I-induced AR induction and activation were examined. (molcells.org)

NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.The receptors are ligand binding factors of type 1, 2 or 3 and protein-molecules that receive chemical-signals from outside a cell. (mc1-r.com)
In this sense, am olfactory receptor is a protein-molecule that recognizes and responds to endogenous-chemical signals, chemokinesor cytokines e.g. an acetylcholine-receptor recognizes and responds to its endogenous-ligand, acetylcholine. (mc1-r.com)
RgpA, a cystein proteinase, although activating T cells through the protease-activated receptors (PARs), degradates CD27 and counteracts T cell activation mediated by CD27 and its ligand CD70. (thermofisher.com)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays multiple roles in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. (oregonstate.edu)
We screened a ChemBridge small molecule library and identified 10-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]Iso-quinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ) as a potent AhR ligand that was rapidly metabolized and not cytotoxic to proliferating T cells. (oregonstate.edu)
16 , 17 Tryptase works by cleaving a specific site on the extracellular N-terminal domain of the receptor and releases a new N-terminal domain for the receptor, which acts as a tethered ligand by binding to the second extracellular loop of the receptor to induce intracellular signaling. (asahq.org)
The present results suggest that the MAPK pathways are required for the ligand-independent activation of AR by IGF-I in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. (molcells.org)
Among the range of proteins shown to co-localize to WPB is angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2), a ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2. (imperial.ac.uk)
TRAIL, Tumor necrosis factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand). (uni-muenchen.de)

Growth factors, which are ligands that bind to the receptor are the initial step to activating the growth factor receptors and tells the cell to grow and/or divide. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we reasoned that, provided receptor cross-desensitization did not occur, it would be advantageous to assess PAR-targeted ligands in a cell that expressed both receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
Secreted autoantibodies specific to receptors or receptor ligands can activate or inhibit receptor functions. (hindawi.com)
It was reported recently that PPARγ activation by its agonistic ligands modifies lymphocyte function. (jci.org)
Benzimidazoisoquinolines: a new class of rapidly metabolized aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands that induce AhR-dependent Tregs and prevent murine graft-versus-host disease. (oregonstate.edu)
The ability of certain AhR ligands to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) has generated interest in developing AhR ligands for therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated diseases. (oregonstate.edu)
There is evidence that the addition of GlcNAc by Fringe serves as an essential modulator of the interaction of Notch with its ligands and the triggering of activation. (rcsb.org)

These phosphorylations allow for other intracellular proteins to bind to with the phosphotyrosine-binding domain which results in a series of physiological responses within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
We sought to extend the receptor-desensitization paradigm for use with a cultured cell system, in which an intracellular calcium signal rather than a contractile response might be used as an index of receptor activation. (aspetjournals.org)
The receptor makes a single pass through the cell membrane and contains an intracellular kinase catalytic region divided by a hydrophilic insert. (creation.com)
In addition, peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell phenotype and activation status were evaluated by flow cytometry before treatment and at 2, 4, and 12 weeks using CD69, chemokine receptor (CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3), and intracellular cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin 10) expression. (bvsalud.org)

Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
The alpha granules contain hemostatic proteins such as fibrinogen, vWf, and growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factors). (medscape.com)
For cells, cell lines and tissues in culture till half confluency.Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (mc1-r.com)
The TWEAK Receptor binds TWEAK (CD255) and can signal intracellularly by interactions with TRAF1, 2, and 3 cytoplasmic proteins leading to NF-κB activation. (bdbiosciences.com)
The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
Cells use special proteins and checkpoint signaling systems to ensure that the cell cycle progresses properly. (britannica.com)
However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
Second, it appears to block cell cycle progression, possibly via a down-regulation of CDK proteins. (rndsystems.com)
In addition to plexins, various other proteins have been implicated either as receptors for semaphorins or as components of the semaphorin receptor complex ( Pasterkamp and Kolodkin, 2003 ). (rupress.org)

The ANGPT2 encodes the angiopoietin 2 protein, a growth factor that binds to receptors in blood and lymphatic vessels. (genengnews.com)
VWF binds to receptors on the platelet surface membrane (glycoprotein Ib/IX). (msdmanuals.com)

In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
High expression levels of CD27 appear to be dependent on proper ligation of antigen receptors. (thermofisher.com)

Mechanisms of pathway activation other than mutation have been discovered in recent years, and include overexpression mediated by gene amplification or by amplification of a dinucleotide repeat in the EGFR promoter, mutation of an extracellular region on EGFR generating a mutant protein termed EGFRvIII, and enhanced signaling due to heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR family, particularly overexpression of HER2/HER3. (aacrjournals.org)
All growth factor receptors are membrane bound and composed of 3 general protein domains: extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic. (wikipedia.org)
This structure revealed the molecular basis of the contacts formed between cells and the extracellular matrix. (nottingham.ac.uk)
ii) Determination of the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib extracellular domain and von Willebrand factor A1 domain structures (iii) determination of the coagulation factor xi structure. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The key elements of tissue engineering are stem cells, morphogen, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Cell-surface receptors in plants and animals are found within cells' plasma membrane where they enable a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals from its environment by binding to extracellular signaling molecules such as growth factors, hormones or neurotransmitters. (lu.se)

Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
In vivo, vav-/- mice mounted protective antiviral IgM and IgG responses to infections with vesicular stomatitis virus and recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, which harbor repetitive surface epitopes that directly cross-link the Ag receptor and activate B cells in the absence of T cell help. (ox.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: The von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma glycoprotein essential for hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. (imperial.ac.uk)
Platelet receptors for ADP include the P2Y12 receptor, which sends signals to suppress adenylate cyclase, decreases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and promotes activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (assembled on the activated platelet surface membrane from glycoproteins IIb and IIIa). (msdmanuals.com)

The extent to which these paths to EGFR activation will confer sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors or to EGFR monoclonal antibodies is being explored. (aacrjournals.org)
The five articles in this edition of CCR Focus will address the various mechanisms of EGFR pathway activation and provide insight into the potential for translation into clinical relevance. (aacrjournals.org)
In NSCLC, activation of the EGFR/HER1 pathway results in a signalling cascade that promotes tumour growth and progression 6 . (ersjournals.com)

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists " has 5 results in Products. (rndsystems.com)

p class=\'abstract\'>Barrier epithelial organs face the constant challenge of sealing the interior body from the external environment while simultaneously replacing the cells that contact this environment. (stanford.edu)

The findings show how a crucial enzyme in our blood, known as ADAMTS13, works like a pair of molecular scissors to carefully cut back the clotting effects of a key protein, von Willebrand factor (VWF). (nottingham.ac.uk)
Consistent with this, a number of studies have shown that patients with severe COVID-19 have highly elevated plasma levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) that may contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype. (imperial.ac.uk)
Initial platelet adhesion is to long strings of von Willebrand factor (VWF) that have been previously secreted by, and anchored to, stimulated endothelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)

The TWEAK Receptor is a ~14 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is the 12A family member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF12A). (bdbiosciences.com)
CD27 is a 50 kDa member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily that includes CD40 and CD30. (thermofisher.com)

Cell lines and transfected cell systems augment this study with particular emphasis on perturbations in the biology of selectins, integrins, matrix adhesion, and chemokine receptors. (stjude.org)
Upon cellular activation, the bacteria then adhere to chemokine receptors, particularly the platelet-activating factor receptor. (stjude.org)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibits the proliferation of acute myeloid leukaemia cells via NK cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
This inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-C9), which prevents membrane damage and bacterial cell death. (medscape.com)
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) inhibits cell death through suppression of the caspase cascade, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. (nature.com)
3 In addition to working within the CKS, C1-INH inhibits C1 esterase in the classic complement pathway, plasmin in the fibrinolytic system, and factor XIa in the intrinsic coagulation system. (ajmc.com)
In its active form, clopidogrel prevents (inhibits) the function of a receptor protein known as P2RY12 that is found on the surface of platelets. (medlineplus.gov)

Furthermore, we used this assay to develop a PAR 1 receptor-activating probe [Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH 2 (Cit-NH 2 )], which displays a high degree of specificity for PAR 1 over PAR 2 , and we used the assay to quantitate the ability of trypsin to disarm the activation of PAR 1 by thrombin. (aspetjournals.org)
In contrast, thrombin receptor-activating peptides derived from the human PAR 1 receptor sequence (e.g. (aspetjournals.org)
CD42b/c heterodimer forms a complex with CD42a and d and acts as the receptor for von Willibrand factor and thrombin. (biolegend.com)
Coagulation factors interact on platelet and endothelial cell surfaces to produce thrombin , which converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (msdmanuals.com)
Factor Xa in complex with factor Va on a phospholipid membrane surface activates prothrombin to thrombin by cleaving two peptide bonds. (medscape.com)

related to other transmembrane receptors. (who.int)

Growth factor receptors are the first stop in cells where the signaling cascade for cell differentiation and proliferation begins. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, in certain cancers, receptors (such as RTKs) are often observed to be overexpressed, which corresponds to the uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Like TCDD,10-Cl-BBQ altered donor CD4(+) T cell differentiation during the early stages of a graft versus host (GVH) response resulting in expression of high levels of CD25, CTLA-4 and ICOS, as well as several genes associated with Treg function. (oregonstate.edu)
Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling is central to pathogen responses. (cdc.gov)
The enhanced Muc5ac levels in MyD88-deficient mice were not explained by differences in the differentiation program of airway secretory cells in naïve mice. (cdc.gov)
The practice of dentistry is likely to be revolutionized by biological therapies based on growth and differentiation factors that accelerate and/or induce a natural biological regeneration. (bvsalud.org)

A majority of growth factor receptors consists of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (wikipedia.org)

Although GABA activates synaptic (αβγ) GABA A receptors with high efficacy, partial agonist activation of αβγ isoforms and GABA activation of the primary extrasynaptic (αβδ) GABA A receptors are limited to low-efficacy activity, characterized by minimal desensitization and brief openings. (jneurosci.org)
While it is well understood that doxorubicin activates p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest, we observed that cell-cycle arrest disabled inactivation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members by vincristine. (uni-muenchen.de)

18 PAR-2 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in the peripheral terminals of sensory neurons and seems to play an important role in inflammatory pain. (asahq.org)

Reduced secretion of the ANGPT2 mutants results in decreased receptor dimerization and activation, leading to swelling of the leg. (genengnews.com)
This induces dimerization with ARNT, translocation to the nucleus, and activation of P450 genes such as CYP1A1 and UGT1A6. (rndsystems.com)

Our data illustrate the usefulness of the HEK cell assay for evaluating the PAR 1 /PAR 2 selectivity of PAR-activating agonists. (aspetjournals.org)
To this end, we developed a calcium-signaling assay, employing cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) in which the action of PAR 1 and PAR 2 agonists and antagonists could be evaluated simultaneously. (aspetjournals.org)
Allosteric conversion of partial to full agonism may be a general mechanism for reversibly scaling the efficacy of GABA A receptors to endogenous partial agonists. (jneurosci.org)

Moreover they induce the upregulation of activating FcR on effector cells. (hindawi.com)
The ITEM-4 antibody can induce the death of certain TWEAK-sensitive tumor target cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
ADP, thromboxane A2, and other mediators induce activation and aggregation of additional platelets on the injured endothelium. (msdmanuals.com)

OBJECTIVE- Chronic activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in white adipose tissue leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
The role of B cells in autoimmune diseases involves different cellular functions, including the well-established secretion of autoantibodies, autoantigen presentation and ensuing reciprocal interactions with T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of ectopic germinal centers. (hindawi.com)
Independent of antibody secretion B cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, support the formation of ectopic GCs, and serve as antigen presenting cells. (hindawi.com)
These anaphylatoxins promote release of proinflammatory cytokines and serve as chemoattractants for effector cells. (hindawi.com)
Binding of the Fc portion of the antibodies to FcR leads to activation of effector cells and further release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (hindawi.com)
Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The inflammatory process in asthma involves the increased expression of various pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, lipid mediators, adhesion molecules, enzymes, and receptors for the same inflammatory mediators 21 . (ersjournals.com)

Epidermal growth factor receptors are involved heavily with oncogene activity. (wikipedia.org)
KIT has also gone by several other names including c-kit , v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, stem cell factor receptor, mast cell growth factor receptor, and CD117 . (creation.com)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is one of the isotypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which are a group of closely related nuclear receptors. (jci.org)
Confocal images showed that IGF-I-induced AR nuclear translocation from cytosol was significantly blocked by SB203580, PD98059, or SP600125, suggesting that the MAPK pathway regulates IGF-I-induced AR nuclear localization in skeletal muscle cells. (molcells.org)

We previously demonstrated the critical involvement of SRC-2 in murine embryo implantation as well as in human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization, a cellular transformation process required for trophoblast invasion and ultimately placentation. (frontiersin.org)
These molecular findings are supported at the cellular level by the inability of HESCs to morphologically transform from a stromal fibroblastoid cell to an epithelioid decidual cell when endogenous SRC-3 levels are markedly reduced. (frontiersin.org)
When such chemical-signals couple or bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue-response, e.g. a change in the electrical-activity of a cell. (mc1-r.com)
We have recently shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induces caspase-dependent and -independent JNK activation and ROS accumulation in cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-Flip) −/− murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (nature.com)
Phagocytosis of invading microorganisms by immune cells was first discovered by the father of cellular immunology Ilya Metchnikoff in 1882, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. (frontiersin.org)
Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)

Our goal is to understand how this nutrient-driven mechanism regulates stem cell behavior for lifelong optimization of organ form and function. (stanford.edu)
In a study combining structural biology, biochemical and genetic approaches, scientists showed that plant cell-surface receptors employ a mechanism for error correction responsible for the control of receptor activation and signaling select bacterial symbionts. (lu.se)

These receptors may use the JAK/STAT, MAP kinase, and PI3 kinase pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Reactive oxygen species promote TNF α -induced death and sustained JNK activation by inhibiting MAP kinase phosphatases. (nature.com)
4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)

for instance, the upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) within AML cells influences their proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (mc1-r.com)
A growth factor receptor is a receptor that binds to a growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
Research in today's society focus on growth factor receptors in order to pinpoint cancer treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Once growth factors bind to their receptor, a signal transduction pathway occurs within the cell to ensure the cell is working. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are then forced to compete for growth and nutrients ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). (spandidos-publications.com)
HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The ITEM-4 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the TWEAK Receptor (TWEAK-R/TWEAKR), which is also known as CD266, or Fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (FGF-inducible 14, FN14). (bdbiosciences.com)
A model of the angiopoietin 2 growth factor secretion from lymphatic endothelial cells and the effect of ANGPT2 mutations on the development of lymphedema. (genengnews.com)
Another lymphatic vessel growth factor, VEGF-C, is currently undergoing a clinical trial in combination with surgery for the treatment of lymphedema in patients whose lymph nodes in the armpit have been removed due to breast cancer metastasis. (genengnews.com)
First, a growth factor must bind to its receptor on the cell membrane . (britannica.com)
This study aimed to determine the effect of the aqueous extract of Gongronema latifolium (AEGL) leaves on the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rabbits. (techscience.com)
We have found that when dietary load increases, midgut stem cells activate a reversible growth program that increases total intestinal cell number and digestive capacity. (stanford.edu)
A dominant-negative form of ErbB-2 blocks Sema4D-induced RhoA activation as well as axonal growth cone collapse in primary hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
The major areas of research that might have application in the development of regenerative endodontic techniques are (a) postnatal stem cells, (b) scaffold materials, (c) morphogen/growth factors, (d) implantation. (bvsalud.org)

TWEAK-induced TWEAK Receptor-mediated signaling can play roles in inflammation, the induction of apoptosis in certain cell types, the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and can promote angiogenesis within healthy and diseased tissues, eg, tumors. (bdbiosciences.com)

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
Overall, phagocytosis is considered a beneficial phenomenon, since it eliminates dead cells and induces an anti-inflammatory response. (frontiersin.org)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
In addition to inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchial wall 1 , histological analysis of endobronchial biopsy specimens and new methods of blood flow measurements have revealed prominent alterations of the tracheobronchial (airway) vasculature in patients with asthma. (ersjournals.com)
Following injury and in areas adjacent to inflammatory cell infiltrates, SOX9-positive cells were increased in number. (lu.se)

However, vav-/- mice failed to mount immune responses to the nonrepetitive, T cell-dependent hapten Ag (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP)-OVA. (ox.ac.uk)
These results provide the first genetic evidence on the role of the guanine exchange factor Vav in immune responses to viral infections and antigenic challenge in vivo, and suggest that Vav adjusts the threshold for Ag receptor-mediated B cell activation depending on the nature of the Ag. (ox.ac.uk)
Reciprocal roles of T-cell help for B cells during adaptive immune responses and B-cell help in CD4+ T-cell activation are being increasingly recognized. (hindawi.com)
however, it needs to be emphasized that most autoimmune diseases are driven by a dysfunction in the immune network consisting of B cells, T cells, and other immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Deposited immune complexes can activate complement and effector cells. (hindawi.com)
Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
The heterogeneity of glioblastoma can suppress immune cell function and lead to immune evasion, which presents a challenge in developing effective molecular therapies for tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
In multicellular organisms, and more particularly in animals with a well-developed immune system, phagocytosis is mostly performed by specialized, professional phagocytes: macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
In a story very similar to the discovery of opiate receptors in the brain, cannabinoid receptors have been discovered along with their endogenous cannabinoids, representing the largest neurotransmitter system in the brain and immune system. (greenmedinfo.com)
It seemed likely that something similar was happening with THC and the cannabinoid receptors in the brain and the immune system. (greenmedinfo.com)
The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil. (bvsalud.org)
The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)

The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors. (nature.com)
Biocon Biologics Ltd), BT-ON014 - in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease - in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor positive MBC, not previously treated with trastuzumab. (who.int)

Comparing HESC controls with HESCs deficient in SRC-3, gene enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed gene set revealed an overrepresentation of genes involved in chromatin remodeling, cell proliferation/motility, and programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
Here, variation in a gene affecting the development and movement of pigment cells, KIT , is examined. (creation.com)
This complex organization of the gene reflects the complex nature of the protein receptor it produces. (creation.com)
not only can gene expression be manipulated and lineages traced at single-cell and whole-tissue levels, but complete population counts of all cell types are possible. (stanford.edu)
The CYP2C19 gene is particularly important for the activation of clopidogrel, and certain common variations (polymorphisms) in this gene have been associated with clopidogrel resistance. (medlineplus.gov)
CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms account for most of the variation in clopidogrel activation due to genetic factors. (medlineplus.gov)
The CYP2C19 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is found primarily in liver cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The gene for human factor X is on a chromosome in close proximity to the factor VII gene. (medscape.com)

However, evidence is now accumulating for rapid corticosteroid actions 25 , 26 , and the existence of membrane-bound steroid receptors that may mediate these rapid actions 27 , 28 . (ersjournals.com)

Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Background: A major clinical feature of severe coronavirus diease 2019 (COVID-19) is microvascular thrombosis linked to endothelial cell activation. (imperial.ac.uk)
Various mechanisms, including endothelial cell nitric oxide and prostacyclin, promote blood fluidity by preventing platelet aggregation and dilating intact blood vessels. (msdmanuals.com)

It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) controls adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. (jci.org)
Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
These findings indicate that PPARγ plays a critical role in the control of B cell response and imply a role in diseases in which B cell hyperreactivity is involved, such as arthritis and autoimmunity. (jci.org)

Other genes affecting coloration are involved in pigment production or development (i.e. regulating the development and migration of pigment cells during embryogenesis). (creation.com)

12 However, the antagonism of histamine or serotonin, two important mast cell mediators, only partially reduce postoperative nociception, indicating that other mast cell components must be involved. (asahq.org)
During activation, platelets release mediators of aggregation, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from storage granules. (msdmanuals.com)

Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)
2013). Cell cycle arrest was induced in tumor cell lines and patient samples in G0, G1 or G2 with cytostatic drugs, phase-specific inhibitors or RNA interference against cyclinB and E. Molecular or biochemical arrest at any point of the cell cycle augmented the rate of apoptosis by TRAIL. (uni-muenchen.de)
Monroe DM HM, Roberts HR. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Coagulation Factors and Pathways of Hemostasis. (medscape.com)

Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
Polymorphisms in other genes likely have smaller effects on clopidogrel activation. (medlineplus.gov)

They are able to activate complement, which causes selective deposition of C3b onto LPS molecules at sites distant from the bacterial cell membrane. (medscape.com)
The close association between mast cells and nerves in peripheral tissues, and the fact that large amounts of tryptase are released upon mast cell degranulation, makes tryptase an ideal candidate to activate PAR-2 on peripheral neurons. (asahq.org)

Current Opinion in Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Cell biology of phagocytosis has been mainly established on bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages. (frontiersin.org)

HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
MyD88 controls airway epithelial Muc5ac expression during TLR activation conditions from agricultur al organic dust exposure. (cdc.gov)
Finally, ODE-induced Muc5ac levels were enhanced in MyD88-deficient airway epithelial cells in vitro. (cdc.gov)
Other particles may be engulfed by epithelial cells, primarily in the vicinity of the bronchial-alveolar duct junctions, and retained for much longer periods, with gradual removal to lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)

19 normal healthy in- receptor protein (CD117) that is structurally dividuals were recruited as a control group. (who.int)

[ 3 ] It is reported to have mitogenic activity for smooth muscle cells and receptor-mediated proinflammatory activities. (medscape.com)

CD27-binding protein (SIVA), a proapoptotic protein, can bind to this receptor and is thought to play an important role in the apoptosis induced by this receptor. (thermofisher.com)
Additionally, we studied the impact of p53 activation on the rate of apoptosis induced by combinations of cytostatic drugs (Ehrhardt, Schrembs, Moritz, Wachter et al. (uni-muenchen.de)

The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)

Left panel: antigen bound by antibody is taken up via FcR on APCs such as dendritic cells or macrophages. (hindawi.com)
Particularly, yolk sac-derived macrophages including microglia may possibly have different tasks since they are confronted with different target structures, mainly apoptotic cells during developmental tissue remodeling, while bone marrow-derived macrophages have a higher chance to be confronted with pathogens, mainly during defense against invading microbes. (frontiersin.org)

Plexin-B1 has recently been shown to mediate activation of RhoA through a stable interaction with the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors PDZ-RhoGEF and LARG. (rupress.org)

On the basis of the stimulatory and inhibitory messages a cell receives, it "decides" whether it should enter the cell cycle and divide. (britannica.com)

The observation that most autoantibodies in traditionally autoantibody-mediated diseases are of the IgG isotype and carry somatic mutations strongly suggests T-cell help in the autoimmune B-cell response. (hindawi.com)
In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
For example, mutations in a protein called p53 , which normally detects abnormalities in DNA at the G1 checkpoint, can enable cancer-causing mutations to bypass this checkpoint and allow the cell to escape apoptosis. (britannica.com)
As described in the literature, wildtype p53 leaded to an increase in intrinsic cell death, whereas different p53 mutations reduced apoptosis. (uni-muenchen.de)

Platelet activation pathways. (medscape.com)

The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
All tissues originate from stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
A stem cell is commonly defined as a cell that has the ability to continuously divide and produce progeny cells that differentiate (develop) into various other types of cells or tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Postnatal stem cells have been sourced from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, bone marrow, peripheral blood, body fat, and almost all body tissues, including the pulp tissue of teeth 8 . (bvsalud.org)
Vascular factors reduce blood loss due to trauma through local vasoconstriction (an immediate reaction to injury) and compression of injured vessels by extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

Clinical and cell-based studies as well as investigations on mice have demonstrated pivotal roles for each SRC in numerous physiological and pathophysiological contexts, underscoring their functional pleiotropy. (frontiersin.org)

This capsule encases the entire cell surface, accounts for the large appearance of the organism on gram stain, and provides resistance against many host defense mechanisms. (medscape.com)
However, they have a different origin and are a unique macrophage cell type in the adult organism. (frontiersin.org)

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) denotes a heterogeneous category of cancers occurring within the bone marrow that are initiated by the unrestricted proliferation of haematopoietic stem cells . (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells are key players in at least some of these mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
But, basic questions remain largely unanswered: How do stem cells sense different levels of functional demand? (stanford.edu)
In adult flies, the midgut is a stem cell-based organ analogous to the vertebrate small intestine. (stanford.edu)
New replacement cells-the progeny of basal stem cells-are born without barrier-forming structures such as a specialized apical membrane and occluding junctions. (stanford.edu)
The most valuable cells for regenerative endodontics are postnatal or adult stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Based on their origin, there are two main types of stem cells - embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and postnatal or adult stem cells (AS cells). (bvsalud.org)
Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early, preimplantation stage embryo known as a blastocyst. (bvsalud.org)
This explains why researchers are now focusing attention on developing stem cell therapies using postnatal stem cells donated by the patients themselves or their close relatives. (bvsalud.org)
To date, four types of human dental stem cells have been isolated and characterized: (i) dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 12 (ii) stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) 21 (iii) stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) 31 (iv) periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) 28 . (bvsalud.org)
These dental stem cells are considered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and possess different levels of capacities to become specific tissue forming cells. (bvsalud.org)

To suppress this antiapoptotic function of NF- κ B might be a promising strategy to increase susceptibility of tumor cells to stress-induced cell death. (nature.com)
To apply this observation to tumor therapy, we knocked down c-FLIP by RNA interference in various tumor cells. (nature.com)
Consistent with the results using c-Flip −/− MEFs, we found that TNF α stimulation induced caspase-dependent prolonged JNK activation and ROS accumulation, followed by apoptotic and necrotic cell death in various tumor cells. (nature.com)
Given that ROS accumulation and necrotic cell death enhance inflammation followed by compensatory proliferation of tumor cells, selective suppression of caspase-dependent ROS accumulation will be an alternative strategy to protect cells from ROS-dependent DNA damage and compensatory tumor progression. (nature.com)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Various subclonal tumor cells have the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment in order to obtain adaptations. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Multiregional whole-exome or genome sequencing has revealed that there is significant variation in the genetic makeup of tumor cells across different anatomical locations and within the same tumor over time ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This interaction results in a more complex alteration of both the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
Consequently, the heterogeneity of tumor cells is constantly evolving. (spandidos-publications.com)
High-throughput sequencing methods are utilized to analyze the mutational spectrum and evolutionary trajectories of tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The presence of p53 in tumor cell lines and xenograft tumor cells resulted in augmented, unaffected or decreased cell death. (uni-muenchen.de)
The extrinsic apoptosis by TRAIL was increased in senescent tumor cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
This is especially important for the therapy of minimal residual disease and for the prevention of relapse caused by resting tumor cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
The impact of the p53 status of tumor cells on extrinsic apoptosis signaling should be considered, especially in the context of therapeutic approaches that aim to restore p53 function to enable cell death. (uni-muenchen.de)

p53 can act pro- and anti-apoptotic, depending on the individual patient tumor cell and on drug and signal interactions. (uni-muenchen.de)

Foxp3 was not expressed in the AhR-induced Tregs implicating AhR as an independent transcription factor for Treg induction. (oregonstate.edu)
also bHLHE76) is a 110 kDa member of the bHLH/PAS transcription factor family. (rndsystems.com)
GRs), which ultimately alter transcription through direct DNA binding 31 or transcription factor inactivation 32 . (ersjournals.com)
Induction of SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) has been shown to occur in response to kidney injury in rodents, where SOX9-positive cells proliferate and regenerate the proximal tubules of injured kidneys. (lu.se)

Anatomy2

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes4

Information Science2

Epidermal growth f6

Signaling pathway5

Ligand9

Ligands7

Intracellular4

Proteins9

Binds to receptors2

Antigen receptors2

Extracellular6

Glycoprotein4

EGFR3

Aryl hydrocar1

Abstract1

Willebrand3

Member of the tumor2

Chemokine2

Inhibits5

Thrombin5

Transmembrane1

Differentiation6

Tyrosine kinases1

Activates2

Protein coupled receptor1

Dimerization2

Agonists3

Induce3

Cytokines7

Oncogene2

Nuclear2

Cellular7

Mechanism2

Kinase4

Growth19

Proliferation and migration1

Inflammatory5

Immune14

Inhibitor2

Gene8

Membrane bound1

Endothelial cell3

PPAR4

Migration1

Mediators2

Molecular3

Genes2

Activate2

Biology2

Epithelial4

CD1171

Proinflammatory1

Apoptosis induced2

Coagulation factors1

Macrophages2

Mediate1

Inhibitory1

Mutations4

Pathways1

Tissues5

Physiological1

Organism2

Stem11

Tumor cells17

Interactions1

Transcription factor4