Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
Axonemal dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella and is found only in cells that have those structures. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
7 IFT is an important bidirectional transport of multisubunit protein complexes (IFT particles) along the axonemal microtubules that is essential to normal cilia assembly, function, and maintenance. (nature.com)
Coordinated beating and bend propagation of cilia and flagella are generated by active sliding of peripheral doublet microtubules driven by ensembles of various types of dyneins. (rupress.org)
Extraction of the isolated cilia by nonionic detergent solubilized the ciliary membranes but left the axonemal microtubules and dyneine arms intact, as determined by quantitative electron microscopy. (ku.edu)
Cilia7
LC1 is a component of outer dynein arms, which contain the molecular motors for ATP-dependent cilia movement. (wikipedia.org)
Dynein transports various cellular cargos , provides forces and displacements important in mitosis , and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella . (wikipedia.org)
Ciliary motility is driven by axonemal dyneins that are assembled in the cytoplasm before deployment to cilia. (wustl.edu)
V1 and V2 impaired dynein-2 motility in vitro and perturbed IFT88 distribution within cilia. (nature.com)
Electron microscopic examination of cilia showed absence of the outer dynein arms. (nih.gov)
Dyneins can be either axonemal, facilitating the movement of cilia and flagella, or cytoplasmic, transporting several intracellular cargos along microtubule tracks. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
The absence of outer dynein arms in the spermatozoa and airway cilia of humans with the Kartagener triad (i.e., situs inversus totalis , sinusitis, and bronchiectasis) was also noted by Bj รถ rn Afzelius (see the image below). (medscape.com)
We used cryo-electron tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of inner dynein arms from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . (rupress.org)
Outer dynein arms (green) and inner dynein arms (blue) are shown. (medscape.com)
Cytoplasmic dynein5
Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Shown is the order of regions of interest for human cytoplasmic dynein 2 motor domains as they occur from the linker to C-terminal. (wikipedia.org)
May be an accessory component of axonemal dynein and cytoplasmic dynein 1. (nih.gov)
Ciliary3
cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins , which are also called ciliary or flagellar dyneins. (wikipedia.org)
DNAH5 Mutations are a Common Cause of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Outer Dynein Arm Defects. (mpg.de)
To determine whether this tubulin-like protein was associated with the membrane or whether it was an axonemal or matrix protein released by detergent treatment, three different methods to isolate ciliary membrane vesicles were developed. (ku.edu)
Motility1
In vitro assays were developed to validate the variants identified (fibroblast assay, induced pluripotent stem cell [iPSC] derived retinal organoids, and a dynein motility assay). (nature.com)
Protein7
Dynein axonemal light chain 1, (LC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAL1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
The proteins solubilized by detergent included a major 55,000-dalton protein, 1-3 high molecular weight proteins that comigrated, on SDS-PAGE, with the axonemal dynein, as well as several other proteins of 45,000-50,000 daltons. (ku.edu)
Dynein is a microtubule motor protein that uses the energy contained in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules to move. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
We previously identified a 66 kDa axonemal protein (Ci-Axp66.0) in sperm of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis , Here we found that Ci-Axp66.0 shows sequence similarity to the DC2 subunit of the Chlamydomonas outer arm docking complex. (bioone.org)
Jul 2009;1(1):a000802 and is reprinted with permission of Cold Spring Harbor Press](B) lrd (left-right dynein), the protein (green) mutated by the iv mutation, is also known as DNAH11, DNAHC11, and DLP11. (medscape.com)
When the iv mouse mutation was cloned, it was found to encode a molecular motor protein, an axonemal dynein, and was named lrd , for left-right dynein (human homolog is DNAH11 / DNAHC11 ). (medscape.com)
Subunit1
Overexpression of the dynamitin (p50) subunit of the dynactin complex disrupts dynein-dependent maintenance of membrane organelle distribution. (bdbiosciences.com)
Flagellar1
In the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar axoneme, at least 11 dynein heavy chains (three outer arm and eight inner arm) exist, and each could play crucial and distinct roles in proper flagellar functions ( Kagami and Kamiya, 1992 ). (rupress.org)
Attached to the microtubule1
that is, one or the other of its stalks is always attached to the microtubule so that the dynein can "walk" a considerable distance along a microtubule without detaching. (wikipedia.org)
DNAH51
Applying a polymerase chain reaction-based approach, we identified a 1.5-kb partial complementary DNA of DNAH5 encoding a Chlamydomonas-related axonemal heavy dynein chain within the critical disease interval of this new PCD locus. (nih.gov)
Gene2
This gene encodes an inner dynein arm heavy chain that provides structural support between the radial spokes and the outer doublet of the sperm tail. (nih.gov)
Dyneins are ubiquitous, multimeric proteins that are responsible for minus end-directed microtubule-based organelle transport. (bdbiosciences.com)
Motile1
Motile ciliopathy can result from defects in the dyneins themselves or from defects in factors required for their cytoplasmic pre-assembly. (wustl.edu)
Retrograde1
[2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule3
The heavy chains of the dynein complex are linked to the microtubule by stems that can be seen in this micrograph. (cellimagelibrary.org)
The dynein f dimer is located close to the surface of the A-microtubule, whereas the other six heavy chain rings are roughly colinear at a larger distance to form three dyads. (rupress.org)
To interact with the B-microtubule through stalks, the inner-arm dyneins must have either different handedness or, more probably, the opposite orientation of the AAA rings compared with the outer-arm dyneins. (rupress.org)
Mitosis1
Therefore, dynactin may function to anchor or target dynein to the kinetochore during mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
DYNC2H11
Dynein variants, specifically DYNC2H1 variants are reported as a cause of non syndromic IRD. (nature.com)
Nucleus1
Our findings provide an example for a non-conventional translocation mechanism and can explain how Kar3 substitutes for key functions of Dynein in the yeast nucleus. (elifesciences.org)
Heavy chains2
Thin protrusions link the dynein heavy chains to the adjacent doublet. (cellimagelibrary.org)
In each of the six heavy chains (dynein a, b, c, d, e, and g), the N-terminal tail extends from the distal side of the ring. (rupress.org)
Axonemes2
Ci-Axp66.0 was partly extracted from the axonemes by a high salt solution and co-purified with outer arm dynein. (bioone.org)
These results suggest that Ci-Axp66.0 is a component of the outer arm dynein docking complex in the axonemes of Ciona sperm. (bioone.org)
Chromosomes1
Dynein is involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Outer arm2
Immunogold localization revealed that it is located in the vicinity of outer arm dynein. (bioone.org)
This co-purification was not affected by the absence of Mg 2 in isolation buffer, indicating that Ci-Axp66.0 is associated with outer arm dynein. (bioone.org)
Additionally2
[1] Additionally, dynein motor is also responsible for the transport of degradative endosomes retrogradely in the dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, dynactin localizes at the tail of cytosolic dynein and activates dynein-mediated vesicle movement. (bdbiosciences.com)
Chain1
Dynein, axonemal heavy chain 10 opposite strand (DNA100S) evolved from ancestrally noncoding DNA, which has been verified by the presence of disabling sequences in chimp, gorilla, gibbon, macaque, and mouse. (anthropogeny.org)
Arms1
A high resolution image of portion of an isolated cilium exposing two rows of outer dynein arms arising from subfiber A of each doublet. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Complex1
The activity of cytosolic dynein is regulated by the multiprotein dynactin complex with which it co-purifies. (bdbiosciences.com)
Organelles1
Recent work demonstrates that axonemal dyneins, their specific assembly factors, and broadly-acting chaperones are concentrated in liquid-like organelles in the cytoplasm called DynAPs (Dynein Axonemal Particles). (wustl.edu)
Disease1
Several studies show evidence that genetic mutations in dyneins underlie some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)