Antigens, Viral. Medical search. FAQ

Proteins
Radioimmunoassay of mammalian type C viral proteins. (biomedsearch.com)
The aim of this project is to determine if the coexpression of a viral antigen and cell death modulating adaptor proteins can enhance the immune response as well as protection against a homologous viral challenge. (ugent.be)
Recombinant Viral Antigens Toxoplasma gondii P24 (GRA1) recombinant antigen recombinant proteins Most stable storage is at - 81 C or lower but some lyophilised proteins can be stored at +4C. (antibody-antibodies.com)
Also sold under the brand names HAVpur and VIROHEP-A. This vaccine consists of virosomes, artificial particles composed of synthetic lipids and influenza proteins in addition to the hepatitis A antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Viral replication proteins E1 and E2 are also required to form the papilloma and keep the episomal viral genome replication low. (wikipedia.org)
Genome amplification will be restrained until viral replication proteins increase and several viral proteins are co-expressed. (wikipedia.org)
E4 proteins are expressed, and viral DNA amplification starts in the differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Following this, the L1 and L2 viral capsid proteins are expressed and the infectious virions begin to assemble. (wikipedia.org)
It has been noted that Japanese encephalitis infects the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and rapidly accumulates substantial amounts of viral proteins for the Japanese Encephalitis. (wikipedia.org)
Blood tests can be done to detect antibodies against viral antigens and foreign proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Herpesviruses all share a common structure-all herpesviruses are composed of relatively large double-stranded, linear DNA genomes encoding 100-200 genes encased within an icosahedral protein cage called the capsid which is itself wrapped in a protein layer called the tegument containing both viral proteins and viral mRNAs and a lipid bilayer membrane called the envelope. (wikipedia.org)

antibodies
It is the antigen targeted by anti-VCA antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
After 2-3 weeks, antibodies effectively neutralise viral particles, promote clearance of virus and prevent seeding of target organs. (wikipedia.org)

influenza
This was a general phenomenon, as T cells presenting influenza (flu) antigen also fail to activate otherwise potent flu-specific CTLs either in vitro or in vivo. (jci.org)
Using immunohistochemistry, influenza A viral antigen was demonstrated in bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in pneumonic areas. (oregonstate.edu)
The two cases reported here provide, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first description of the pathology and viral antigen distribution of lethal respiratory disease in domestic cats after natural pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infection, probably transmitted from humans. (oregonstate.edu)

bovine viral diarrhea virus
The invention disclosed herein presents an antigen-capture immunoassay that utilizes serum, plasma, milk, urine, saliva, or other bodily fluid samples to identify cattle infected with the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). (google.ca)
The causative agent, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is a member of the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. (wikipedia.org)

Epitopes
Epitopes described in Endogenous viral antigen processing generates peptide-specific MHC class I cell-surface clusters. (iedb.org)
Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid. (wikipedia.org)

genome
These findings combined with the finding of viral-specific RNA indicate that portions of the viral genome are being expressed with a much greater frequency than previously appreciated. (biomedsearch.com)
The sfRNAs are a result of incomplete degradation of the viral genome by the exonuclease and are important for viral pathogenicity. (wikipedia.org)

genes
Within the nucleus, replication of viral DNA and transcription of viral genes occurs. (wikipedia.org)
During symptomatic infection, infected cells transcribe lytic viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
In some host cells, a small number of viral genes termed latency associated transcript (LAT) accumulate instead. (wikipedia.org)
Another investigation Lisziewicz is involved with is how human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes regulate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)

BVDV
The kit disclosed herein uses ELISA methodology, employs the BVDV antigen specific monoclonal antibody 15.c.5, and requires at least 100 l of sample per assay. (google.ca)

replication of viral
Research is not conclusive about which coding regions are expressed before or after replication of viral DNA. (wikipedia.org)

immunofluorescence
Diagnosis of viral infections via viral antigen detection methods such as immunofluorescence (FA), immunochromatography (lateral flow) (IC), and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) offer many of these attractive features and are useful for direct detection of viral antigens in an array of clinical specimens and for identification of cultivated viruses. (asmscience.org)

Detection
parainfluenza virus [PIV] −1, −2, and −3 and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]), has been shown to be more useful in patient management than either traditional virus isolation (1, 2, 3) or viral detection in rapid culture using centrifugation-enhanced inoculation (4). (asmscience.org)
This chapter deals with principles of FA, IC, and EIA and their contemporary applications in viral antigen detection. (asmscience.org)
Viral Antigen Detection, p 95-104. (asmscience.org)
3. Detection of viral antigen in normal murine cells and tissues. (biomedsearch.com)

mRNAs
In the center of the λ2 turret a channel allows viral mRNAs to be extruded during transcription. (wikipedia.org)

infectious
Microbix's customer is a major global diagnostics company, with growing sales of infectious disease tests that require more antigen supply. (biotuesdays.com)
In a statement, Cameron Groome, president and CEO of Microbix, said the expanded agreement reinforces the company's position as a leading global provider of infectious disease antigens. (biotuesdays.com)
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)

ELISA
Each adult dose contains 1440 ELISA units of viral antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide (0.5 mg Al). (wikipedia.org)

infection
Our findings suggest that GrB-secreting B cells support the early antiviral immune response against viruses with endosomal entry pathways, thereby counteracting overwhelming viral replication at the beginning of an infection until virus-specific T cells from draining lymph nodes arrive at the site of infection. (jimmunol.org)
citation needed] Increased microglial activation following Japanese Encephalitis infection has been found to influence the outcome of viral pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Polioencephalitis is a viral infection of the brain, causing inflammation within the grey matter of the brain stem. (wikipedia.org)
Infection is initiated when a viral particle contacts a cell with specific types of receptor molecules on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
She based her research on discovering if small portions of gene-stopping DNA (called antisense oligonucleotides) could be created to bind up the viral RNA in retroviruses like HIV so that the virus could not make more copies of itself to continue the infection. (wikipedia.org)

pathogenesis
Mammalian Orthoreoviruses The only orthoreovirus to not produce syncytia, mammalian orthoreoviruses have the capability of infecting all mammals, but do not cause disease, except in young populations enabling them to be studied frequently as a model for viral replication and pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

Citation
citation needed] Viral antigen can usually be found in brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)

induce
We have discovered that BCR stimulation with either viral Ags or activating Abs in the context of the acute phase cytokine IL-21 can induce the secretion of substantial amounts of GrB by human B cells. (jimmunol.org)

immune
He worked on the mechanism of activation of the immune system by viral antigens. (wikipedia.org)
This research led to the development of computational immune-oncology technology that can determine a patient's natural T cell response to tumor antigens. (wikipedia.org)

cells
Importantly, GrB response to viral Ags was significantly stronger in B cells from subjects recently vaccinated against the corresponding viruses as compared with unvaccinated subjects. (jimmunol.org)
A radioimmunoassay specific for a murine leukemia virus structural protein, the gs antigen, detects an antigenic reactivity in normal murine cells in culture and natural tissues. (biomedsearch.com)
The infected, differentiating cells travel towards the epithelial surface during the viral cycle's late stage. (wikipedia.org)
It is a new immunization strategy that uses dendritic cells to increase viral antigen production. (wikipedia.org)
Following viral entry and contact with the mucosal lining of the mouth or nose, replication occurs in epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)

putative
NS3 is a putative helicase, and NS5 is the viral polymerase. (wikipedia.org)

vaccine
From 1986 to 2014 he worked continuously as a viral vaccine expert and senior public health adviser for international health policy agencies such as the World Health Organization, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (wikipedia.org)
By this stage Esparza had attained hands-on command of many aspects of viral research techniques (i.e., virus-isolation, culture, serotyping, structure, genetic engineering and vaccine development) as well as project-management expertise while heading studies of a variety of human viral pathologies including enchephalitis, herpes, and rotaviruses. (wikipedia.org)

Diagnosis
For definitive diagnosis the virus or viral antigens must be demonstrated in the affected tissue(s). (wikipedia.org)

infections
Genetic Immunity works to create and commercialize immunotherapeutic biologics to treat chronic viral infections, allergies, and cancers to prolong the life of the patient and improve their quality of life. (wikipedia.org)

virus
The Epstein-Barr virus viral-capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) is the viral protein that forms the viral capsid of the Epstein-Barr virus. (wikipedia.org)
E1 is similar to COOH-terminal domain of the Simian virus 40, plays a role in viral DNA replication maintaining plasmids within a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Experiments on transgenic mice are investigating the initial sites of viral replication in the host and how the virus moves from the bloodstream into the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Delta-interacting protein A (DIPA), a cellular gene product, has been found to have homology to hepatitis delta virus antigen (HDAg). (wikipedia.org)
These complementary DNA pieces can bind to the HIV viral mRNA and prevent the HIV virus from replicating itself. (wikipedia.org)
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) or bovine viral diarrhoea (UK English), and previously referred to as bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD), is a significant economic disease of cattle that is endemic in the majority of countries throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
Persistently infected animals are the most important source of the virus, continuously excreting a viral load one thousand times that shed by acutely infected animals. (wikipedia.org)

tissue
Over the past 15 years, a number of observations have culminated in the localization of viral antigens in liver tissue by the use of routine histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy (EM), and immuno-electron microscopy (IEM). (springer.com)
Tissue Antigens. (wikipedia.org)

presentation
in 1997 for his thesis titled The processing and presentation of viral antigens degree in 1997 for research on viral antigens as a postgraduate student of Magdalen College, Oxford. (wikipedia.org)

liver
Arnold W, Nielsen JO, Hardts F, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH (1977) Localization of e-antigen in nuclei of hepatocytes in HBsAg-positive liver disease. (springer.com)
Bianchi L, Gudat F (1976) Sanded nuclei in hepatitis B. Eosinophilic inclusions in liver cell nuclei due to excess in hepatitis B core antigen formation. (springer.com)

virion
The assay was shown to measure an antigen that is highly related to the virion protein as shown by absorption tests, immunoadsorbent chromatography, and by analysis of linearized dose-response curves. (biomedsearch.com)
Following binding of viral envelope glycoproteins to cell membrane receptors, the virion is internalized and dismantled, allowing viral DNA to migrate to the cell nucleus. (wikipedia.org)

amounts
a child dose contains half the amounts of antigen and aluminium. (wikipedia.org)

diseases
Our data may also explain the elevated serum GrB levels found in the early phase of various viral diseases. (jimmunol.org)
In 1986 Esparza was then recruited as a medical officer by the Division of Communicable Diseases of the World Health Organization, a position which implied worldwide supervising responsibilities of research projects involving various vector-borne viral diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. (wikipedia.org)

encephalitis
During his undergraduate teenage years, Esparza teamed up with some of his teachers in viral research studies designed to characterize a large zoonotic outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis affecting people and riding beasts in the nearby Guajira region and its surroundings. (wikipedia.org)

envelope
The outer envelope is formed by envelope protein and is the protective antigen. (wikipedia.org)

production
The UTR contains PKS3 pseudoknot structure which serves as a molecular signal to stall the exonuclease and is the only viral requirement for subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) production. (wikipedia.org)

viruses
In cp viruses the NS2/3 protein is either cleaved to NS2 and NS3 or there is a duplication of viral RNA containing an additional NS3 region. (wikipedia.org)

Products
Microbix Biosystems (TSX:MBX) agreed to supply an existing long-term customer with an increasing quantity of its viral antigen products over the next five years, with an option to extend that term. (biotuesdays.com)
We have also other products like : Recombinant Viral antigens, HAV: HAV P3C recombinant antigen a.a. 1643-1743. (antibody-antibodies.com)
Related products : Recombinant Viral antigens, HAV: HAV P3C recombinant antigen a.a. 1643-1743. (antibody-antibodies.com)
Please note that the definition of "U" (units) may vary between manufacturers depending on what test they use to measure hepatitis A antigen in their products. (wikipedia.org)

methods
There is considerable variability in the sensitivity, specificity, technical considerations, and turnaround time among the various methods, and each method may perform differently depending on the viral target. (asmscience.org)

disease
Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration. (wikipedia.org)
Rabies is a viral disease that exists in Haiti and throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)

contains
Each dose contains 160 U of antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide (0.3 mg Al). (wikipedia.org)
Each adult dose contains 500 U of viral antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The pediatric dose contains 250 U of viral antigen. (wikipedia.org)

prevent
Recombinant Viral Antigens Toxoplasma gondii P24 (GRA1) recombinant antigen antibody storage GENTAUR recommends for long therm storage to freeze at -24 C. For short time storage up to 30 days we suggest fridge storage at 1 to 10 C. Prevent multiple freeze taw cycles of Recombinant Viral Antigens Toxoplasma gondii P24 (GRA1) recombinant antigen. (antibody-antibodies.com)

early
Its viral cause and spread were understood by the early 20th century. (wikipedia.org)

hepatitis B surface antigen
These are subunit vaccines, consisting of specific protein antigens (such as tetanus or diphtheria toxoid) or recombinant protein components (such as the hepatitis B surface antigen). (wikipedia.org)

proteins
furthermore, proteins are digested into peptides for MHC class I antigen presentation. (wikipedia.org)
The lipid outer envelope is of host cell origin but contains viral transmembrane and surface proteins. (wikipedia.org)
They contain DNA that codes for specific proteins (antigens) from a pathogen. (wikipedia.org)

nucleic acids
Expression of type I and III IFNs can be induced in virtually all cell types upon recognition of viral components, especially nucleic acids, by cytoplasmic and endosomal receptors, whereas type II interferon is induced by cytokines such as IL-12, and its expression is restricted to immune cells such as T cells and NK cells. (wikipedia.org)

anti-viral
In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses. (wikipedia.org)

protein
FeLV screening tests look for the presence of the viral antigen (viral protein) in a blood sample. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)
These kits contain FeLV antibody, a special protein that recognizes the viral antigen and combines with it. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)
The technique is also used to determine tumour antigens (for use in diagnosis and therapeutic targeting) and in searching for protein-DNA interactions using specially-constructed DNA libraries with randomised segments. (wikipedia.org)
Another cellular enzyme, RNAse L-also induced by interferon action-destroys RNA within the cells to further reduce protein synthesis of both viral and host genes. (wikipedia.org)
The viral RNA is packed into the icosahedral capsid which is contained inside the protein inner envelope. (wikipedia.org)

lymphocytes
With the assistance of macrophages, the T lymphocytes are believed to recognize the antigen of a foreign invader. (luxbar-starway.ru)
Each of these lymphocytes express specificity to a particular epitope, or the part of an antigen to which B cell and T cell receptors recognize and bind. (wikipedia.org)
It is important to note that not all lymphocytes expressing high affinity for self-antigen undergo clonal deletion. (wikipedia.org)
Complete clonal deletion results in apoptosis of all B and T lymphocytes expressing high affinity for self antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Because most autoresponsive cells undergo clonal deletion, this allows microorganisms with epitopes similar to host antigen to escape recognition and detection by T and B lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. (wikipedia.org)

receptors
B and T cells are presented with self antigen after developing receptors while they are still in the primary lymphoid organs. (wikipedia.org)

nuclear
Replication in the reno-urinary epithelium is associated with viral cytopathic changes such as nuclear inclusions and decoy cells. (wikipedia.org)

antibody
The test kit incorporates a color indicator with the antibody so that a color change occurs when the antibody combines with the FeLV antigen. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)
It may involve an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test that detects the presence of cell associated viral antigen. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)
The test kit incorporates a color indicator with the antigen and a color reaction occurs when the antigen combines with the antibody. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)

bacterial
Research is investigating the approach for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases in humans, as well as for several cancers. (wikipedia.org)

recognize
Therefore, incomplete clonal deletion allows for a balance between the host's ability to recognize foreign antigens and self antigens. (wikipedia.org)

cell
This is where the lymphocyte would receive apoptotic signals from antigen-presenting cell (APCs). (wikipedia.org)
A virus-infected cell releases viral particles that can infect nearby cells. (wikipedia.org)
I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell subclasses is a differentiative process independent of antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Boyse EA, Old LJ, Stockert E. An approach to the mapping of antigens on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
Glimcher L, Shen F-W, Cantor H. Identification of a cell-surface antigen selectively expressed on the natural killer cell. (wikipedia.org)
Once integrated, HTLV-1 continues to exist only as a provirus which can spread from cell to cell through a viral synapse. (wikipedia.org)

host
Those cells that demonstrate a high affinity for this self antigen are often subsequently deleted so they cannot create progeny, which helps protect the host against autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the host develops a tolerance for this antigen, or a self tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. (wikipedia.org)

spread
Second, the only way to help prevent the spread of viral disease amongst cats is to know the viral status of individuals. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)

type
15 H and 9 N antigens have been identified among all of the known type A influenzas. (n2gf.com)
For this reason, they are described as H1N1, H1N2 etc. depending on the type of H or N antigens they express with metabolic synergy. (wikipedia.org)

important
Determination of your cat's FeLV and FIV viral status is important for a number of reasons. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)

specific
Viral culture, although very specific, may take 1-2 weeks to obtain a result. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)

especially
Third, on an individual basis, knowledge of your cat's viral status, especially a confirmed positive viral status, will be helpful in determining the appropriate monitoring or treatment options in the event of future illness. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)

usually
These are plasmids that usually consist of a strong viral promoter to drive the in vivo transcription and translation of the gene (or complementary DNA) of interest. (wikipedia.org)

allows
This allows us to make appropriate husbandry decisions (for example, the maintenance of a single cat household or confinement of the cat indoors) in the event of a confirmed positive viral status. (sandcreekanimalhospital.com)