• Examination showed elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 549 (CA 549) levels in pleural fluid, and to compare it with another previously studied tumor markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 15.3 and CA 72.4. (nih.gov)
  • Laboratory data demonstrated mild anemia (hemoglobin, 9.6 g/dl), but neither hypoproteinemia nor elevation of tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was observed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Sixty-eight patients (45 males, 23 females) were studied in order to assess the usefulness of mucosal tissue concentrations of both carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in detecting patients at high risk for gastric cancer. (cnr.it)
  • The peripheral blood was collected from each patient, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were determined. (scienceopen.com)
  • Normalization of tumor marker values may indicate cure despite radiographic evidence of persistent disease. (medscape.com)
  • Sometimes, tumor marker values may rise after effective treatment (due to cell lysis), but the increase may not portend treatment failure. (medscape.com)
  • A consistent increase in a tumor marker value, combined with lack of clinical improvement, may indicate treatment failure. (medscape.com)
  • The usefulness of a tumor marker is in its sensitivity and specificity, as well as its influence on patient management decisions. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, beta-hCG serves as an ideal tumor marker for monitoring gestational trophoblastic disease and has set the standard with which other assays must be compared. (medscape.com)
  • The addition of any one tumor marker assay consistently improved the diagnostic value of cytology. (nih.gov)
  • Many malignant cells (such as those found in breast and stomach cancer) develop a tumor marker called the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. (dadamo.com)
  • Carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) is a tumor marker that has been used for differential diagnosis of peritoneal malignancies. (go.jp)
  • The tumor marker CA-125, which increases with grade independent of the effect of stage in EOC, is predictive of lymph node metastasis with a high rate of false positivity in Turkish population. (hindawi.com)
  • Serum CA 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) is a tumor marker of monosialoganglioside structure. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • This session will focus on hCG's functions as a tumor marker. (aacc.org)
  • CA 19-9 is a type of tumor marker. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For these people, a CA 19-9 tumor marker test is not useful. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tumor marker tests can provide a lot of helpful information, but they aren't fail-safe. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Conditions besides cancer can raise tumor marker levels. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • What is a high Tumour marker? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • High tumor marker levels can be a sign of cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Along with other tests, tumor marker tests can help doctors diagnose specific types of cancer and plan treatment. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Tumor marker tests are most commonly used to do the following: Learn if a person has cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • What is high tumor marker count? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Many circumstances, such as other health issues or disease, can contribute to raised tumor marker levels. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Tumor marker tests are not perfect. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Although an elevated level of a circulating tumor marker may suggest the presence of cancer and can sometimes help to diagnose cancer, this alone is not enough to diagnose cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • In addition, not everyone with a particular type of cancer will have a higher level of a tumor marker associated with that cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Is TM CA72-4 a tumor marker? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA-125) is a tumor marker that is useful for following the response to therapy in patients with ovarian cancer, who may have elevated levels of this marker. (cancer.gov)
  • The expressions of nuclear proliferation antigen marker (Ki67), β -catenin, and E-cadherin were determined in the biopsy collected from each patient. (scienceopen.com)
  • Tumor marker levels must be used in conjunction with the history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. (medscape.com)
  • A decrease in marker levels during treatment can indicate tumor response, whereas stable or increasing levels despite adequate treatment can indicate that the tumor is not responding to treatment or that the tumor is recurring. (medscape.com)
  • If the tumor produces CA 15-3, marker levels will increase as the tumor grows. (medscape.com)
  • One or the other tumor marker is ordered, typically not both. (medscape.com)
  • For the study, which was designed according to the REMARK guidelines for diagnostic tumor marker development, the researchers prospectively enrolled 914 patients from three tertiary care centers. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor markers are soluble glycoproteins that are found in the blood, urine, or tissues of patients with certain types of cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor markers are not elevated in all cancer patients, particularly patients with early-stage cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The various tumor markers differ in their usefulness for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, assessing therapeutic response, and detecting recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • Many new tumor markers have been discovered since the development of monoclonal antibodies, and most tumor markers are now detected with them. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and trophoblastic neoplasms are gynecologic malignancies for which tumor markers are in clinical use. (medscape.com)
  • Because pathologic diagnosis of ovarian cancer is difficult without laparotomy, tumor markers such as CA-125, in addition to diagnostic imaging, are useful in preoperative evaluation for ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • No tumor markers with high sensitivity and high specificity for endometrial cancer are known at present, although CA-125 is often used in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • Beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein have proved to be useful markers for ovarian germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Active cellular therapies aim to destroy cancer cells by recognition of distinct markers known as antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several tumor markers have been evaluated in pleural fluid, but their clinical role has not been firmly established. (nih.gov)
  • The levels of the tumor markers were measured by immunoradiometric assays (RIA). (nih.gov)
  • The best combination of tumor markers for differentiating malignant from benign effusions was CA 549+CEA+CA 15.3, with a sensitivity of 0.65, specificity of 0.99 and accuracy of 0.85. (nih.gov)
  • In our study, none of the tumor markers was organ-specific. (nih.gov)
  • The best combination of tumor markers in this series with a high relative frequency of mesothelioma and low frequency of breast carcinoma was CA 549+CEA+CA 15.3. (nih.gov)
  • Individual tumor markers or their combination increased the sensitivity of pleural cytology. (nih.gov)
  • In this example, the T and Tn antigens are the stumps found in cancer, while the well-groomed yard has bushes, shrubs, and flowers, that correspond to the ABO markers and other antigens found on healthy cells. (dadamo.com)
  • So the hypothesis goes that because of the lower level of antibody against T and Tn antigens or stumps, and because of this tendency for the immune system of A's to be a bit confused or disinclined to attack Tn antigens, blood type A is at an immunologic disadvantage in attacking any cell bearing these T and Tn antigenic markers. (dadamo.com)
  • This slide summarizes how AFP and hCG function as tumor markers. (aacc.org)
  • Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in your body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What does CA mean in tumor markers? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Do high tumor markers always mean cancer? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Just because a person has tumor markers, it doesn't always mean cancer is present or has come back. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • What are 3 tumor markers? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • How accurate are tumor markers? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • There has been no evidence to prove that tumor markers are 100 percent reliable for determining the presence or absence of cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Can stress cause tumor markers to rise? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • The presence of tumor markers alone is not enough to diagnose cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • What happens if tumor markers are high? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • For example, noncancerous conditions can sometimes cause the levels of certain tumor markers to increase. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • What causes tumor markers to increase? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • In this study, we sought to investigate apatinib combined with conventional chemotherapy regimens in treating patients with advanced TNBC concerning the efficacy, safety, expressions of tumor markers, and patient survival. (scienceopen.com)
  • Consideration may be given to ordering multiple tumor markers due to the heterogeneity in cell composition of each tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Other tumor markers for epithelial-derived carcinomas include CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 125. (medscape.com)
  • 90%) than has previously been achieved with either conventional tumour markers or a micro RNA panel," Dr Lerch and colleagues say. (medscape.com)
  • Normal antibodies bind to external pathogens, but the modified immunotherapy antibodies bind to the tumor antigens marking and identifying the cancer cells for the immune system to inhibit or kill. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is so rare to find the T antigen in healthy tissue, that we actually have antibodies against it. (dadamo.com)
  • All humans normally possess antibodies that react with the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) and the Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
  • All sera had high titers of antibodies of the IgM isotype against SGPG (titers over 1:3,200), especially in tumors such as meningiomas, germinomas, orbital tumors, glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, and subependymomas. (karger.com)
  • She is particularly interested in the immunological foundation of anti-carbohydrate antibodies, their effects on cancer and heart diseases, and the development of innovative diagnostics and treatments for these diseases. (glycanage.com)
  • Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
  • Anti-α1-acid glycoprotein antibodies react with antigen in the sample to form an antigen/antibody complex. (cdc.gov)
  • before resection of the primary tumor and then postoperatively every 6-12 mo, resulting in three to five samples per patient. (lu.se)
  • This patient series included those who underwent primary tumor resection, a bypass or a proctostomy and those who underwent the simultaneous resection of metastases with curative intent. (scirp.org)
  • In these cases, adenocarcinoma was diagnosed based on left supraclavicular node biopsies, and a second primary tumor was found, in a 78-year-old Japanese woman with a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, a 64-year-old Japanese man with a diagnosis of bladder carcinoma, and a 61-year-old Japanese man with a diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The novel MRI-based model considering regular shape of primary tumor and short axis of largest lymph node in the regional area can accurately predict lymph node metastases preoperatively in NF-PNETs patients, which might facilitate the surgeons' decision on risk stratification. (springeropen.com)
  • Metastasis of infradiaphragmatic tumors to the left supraclavicular lymph node is reported to be rare. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report three cases of malignant infradiaphragmatic tumor diagnosed following an initial finding of left supraclavicular node metastasis after surgery for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (follow-up period, range 18-62 months). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis has been reported to be more common in patients with lung and breast tumors (18.7% and 18.6%, respectively) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although most patients with localized tumors can be cured with surgical therapies, 20-30 % of the patients without any evidence of metastasis will develop relapse and/or metastatic RCC in the future [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Persistently high AFP after surgery may indicate incomplete removal of the tumor or the presence of metastasis. (aacc.org)
  • A significant increase in AFP in post-surgery tumor-free patients may also indicate metastasis. (aacc.org)
  • As such, Tn is implicated in tumour cell organotropic metastasis. (sussex-research.com)
  • The extent of surgery in nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) has not well established, partly owing to the dilemma of precise prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) preoperatively. (springeropen.com)
  • Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigen (TACA). (sussex-research.com)
  • Tumors express embryonic carbohydrate antigens called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA). (silverchair.com)
  • TACA-containing glycopeptides are appealing cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-based vaccines to prevent or treat cancer because the same sugar moieties are expressed in a variety of tumors, rendering a vaccination strategy applicable in a large population. (silverchair.com)
  • Because of these encouraging results, we applied the same antigenic strategy to TACA-containing glycopeptides because induction of a degenerate T cell response against this class of tumor antigens may be of great advantage in cancer immunotherapy ( 10 - 12 ). (silverchair.com)
  • To characterize biomarkers in neural tumors, we analyzed the acidic lipid fractions of 13 neural tumor cell lines using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostaining. (karger.com)
  • Our data indicate that certain GSL antigens, especially SGGLs, GD3, and OAc-GD3, are expressed in neural tumor cells and may be considered as tumor-associated antigens that represent important biomarkers for neural tumors. (karger.com)
  • The results from this prevali- the field of cancer biomarkers (11-13), and that approach was dation study showed that patients could be classified into high- adopted here to define predictive serum biomarkers associated versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with tumor relapse in breast cancer patients. (lu.se)
  • Tumor-associated human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms IX and XII have been considered so far as well-defined biomarkers, with their expression correlating with cancer progression and aggressiveness. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cancer immunotherapy exploits the fact that cancer cells often have tumor antigens, molecules on their surface that can bind to antibody proteins or T-cell receptors, triggering an immune system response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Active immunotherapy specifically targets tumor cells via the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, passive immunotherapy does not directly target tumor cells, but enhances the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Targeting immune responses to truncated variants of O-glycan chains expressed by tumour cells represents a promising approach for the development of antigen-specific therapeutic vaccines against cancers, and accumulated evidence has rendered Tn a prime target for cancer immunotherapy. (sussex-research.com)
  • These results have high potential for immunotherapy against a broad range of tumors. (silverchair.com)
  • The MUC1 protein, also known as polymorphic epithelial mucin or epithelial membrane antigen, has a large extracellular region, a transmembrane sequence, and a cytosolic domain. (medscape.com)
  • Not surprisingly, blood type A individuals have the least aggressive antibody immune response against the T and probably Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
  • In addition, we have analyzed serum antibody titers against SGPG, GD3, and OAc-GD3 in patients with neural tumors by ELISA and HPTLC immunostaining. (karger.com)
  • One question that always comes up in practice is the utility of serum and urine antigen testing and serum antibody testing for CNS histoplasmosis , including, of course, patients with meningitis. (medscape.com)
  • Do you think about that differently in terms of an immunocompromised vs immunocompetent patient as far as the utility of the serum and urine antigen testing or serum antibody testing? (medscape.com)
  • CC is the second commonest primary liver tumour worldwide, after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (bmj.com)
  • This study showed that SBRT can significantly reduce pain, effectively control local tumor progression, and have acceptable toxicity for patients with locoregional recurrence after radical resection of primary pancreatic cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • After resection of an intracranial tumor, pathology studies suggested metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. (hho-bulgaria.com)
  • In Sweden, there has been a steady prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity for the diagnosis of pros- decrease in age-standardized breast cancer mortality in women up tate cancer (15). (lu.se)
  • Prostate-specific antigen levels and magnetic resonance imaging findings aided the diagnostic process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its level is frequently measured for screening purposes in daily practice by physicians, while its main use is in the study of tumor recurrence and follow-up of recurrences. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is used to monitor response to breast cancer treatment and disease recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • The specificity of the antigen tests is not perfect, and we do see a lot of fungal cross-reactivity. (medscape.com)
  • A technical limitation of CAR-T technology is that it is challenging for CAR T-cells to target solid tumors. (tufts.edu)
  • At the moment, the therapy is most effective against hematological (blood) cancers but not solid tumors. (tufts.edu)
  • To solve this problem, the biopharmaceutical Celyad is developing a CAR-T that expresses Natural Killer Receptors (NKR) that can bind ligands of solid tumors. (tufts.edu)
  • These 2 theranostic approaches, as well as the therapy of osseous metastases of prostate cancer with 223 Ra ( 4 , 9 , 10 ), have unequivocally demonstrated that radionuclide therapy can be applied not only to thyroid cancer but also to other solid tumors. (snmjournals.org)
  • These transgenic T-cells are then infused back into the patient to specifically target tumor cells. (tufts.edu)
  • It has been estimated that in about 90% of all cancers and some leukemias, T and Tn antigens are expressed and uncovered. (dadamo.com)
  • As a general rule, well-differentiated cancers usually have a preponderance of T antigens and less of the Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
  • No staging system exists for cancers of unknown primary origin-more precisely, histologically proven metastatic malignant tumors for which the primary site cannot be identified during pretreatment evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • Aberrant sialylated carbohydrate synthesis is frequently noted in various cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the pioneering use of 131 I in differentiated thyroid cancer in the 1940s, remarkable achievements in nuclear medicine endoradiotherapy have been demonstrated, mainly in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms by using 177 Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs or in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer using prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed radionuclide therapy. (snmjournals.org)
  • In recent years, however, theranostics has been successfully applied to a whole range of other malignancies, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and prostate cancer in particular. (snmjournals.org)
  • Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) is a high molecular-weight glycoprotein expressed by epithelial ovarian tumors as well as on the surface of cells of mesothelial origin [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • AFP is a single-chain glycoprotein with a molecular weight of around 70 KDa and 4% carbohydrate content. (aacc.org)
  • Cancer antigen 15-3, or CA 15-3, is an epitope of a large transmembrane glycoprotein named MUC1 that is derived from the MUC1 gene. (medscape.com)
  • Central necrosis of large solid neoplasms can mimic cystic hepatic tumors, in that this area of necrosis appears cystic. (medscape.com)
  • The determination is used in the assessment of the activity of acute and recurring inflammations as well as of tumors with cell necrosis (Schmid, 1975). (cdc.gov)
  • We know that CNS histoplasmosis is more common in folks who are immunocompromised, whether it's from HIV, organ transplant, or some of the newer tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor drugs . (medscape.com)
  • SBRT combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer can effectively control local tumors and alleviate local symptoms, prolong the overall survival of patients, and has tolerable toxicity ( 16 - 19 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The biomarker signature includes 9 metabolites as well as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), which is currently the only blood-based biomarker in clinical use for pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • In malignant or pre-malignant cells, the ability to synthesize the polysaccharides which normally cover the T antigen is often lost, which causes T to be 'expressed' or uncovered, much like a falling tide will often uncover previously hidden rocks at a low tide. (dadamo.com)
  • The CA 15-3 antigen (also known as MUC1, from which it is derived) represents sequences of mucins that are often overexpressed in malignant glandular cells, such as breast cancer. (medscape.com)
  • In this respect, in contrast to predictors based for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples upon tumor characteristics at the time of surgery, serum is a par- collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. (lu.se)
  • The serum concentration of AFP is loosely related to the size of HCC tumors. (aacc.org)
  • Trophoblastic tumors can produce very elevated concentrations of hCG in the serum that may exceed 1 million IU/L. The serum concentration of hCG is correlated with the size of the tumor, although hCG is not particularly specific to trophoblastic tumors. (aacc.org)
  • If we had a patient with a subacute or chronic meningitis, sending serum or urine antigen testing is a very appropriate first-line study - keeping in mind that about 30% of patients with CNS histoplasmosis will be negative on these tests. (medscape.com)
  • They are typically produced by tumor cells, but in some cases they may be produced by the body in response to malignancy or to certain benign conditions. (medscape.com)
  • T-cell transfer therapy: a treatment that takes T-cells from the tumor and selects or changes them in the lab to better attack cancer cells, then reintroduces them into the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • In cell-mediated therapies like CAR-T cell therapy, immune cells are extracted from the patient, genetically engineered to recognize tumor-specific antigens, and returned to the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • This antigen is suppressed in normal healthy cells, much like a rock is covered over by water at high tide. (dadamo.com)
  • Healthy cells do not normally express the T or Tn antigen, which are 'encrypted' or covered up by polysaccharides much the same way that a rock is covered by water at high tide. (dadamo.com)
  • One of the functions of these T and Tn antigens is to promote cancer cell adhesion----the ability for the cancer cell to stick to other cells including healthy cells. (dadamo.com)
  • CAR-T treatment involves the infusion of transgenic T-cells that express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) on their cell membrane into the patient. (tufts.edu)
  • When activated, the T-cells mediate killing of tumor cells by two mechanisms: (1) secretion of granzymes and (2) activation of death receptor signaling in the tumor cell. (tufts.edu)
  • DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Lewis a (sLea) is widely expressed on epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, on breast cancer cells, and also on small cell lung cancer cells but is expressed minimally or not at all on normal tissues. (sbir.gov)
  • However, tumor cell-derived AFP has various carbohydrate compositions depending on the saccharide transferase activity within the tumor cells. (aacc.org)
  • A trophoblastic tumor is a proliferation of cells derived from the placenta. (aacc.org)
  • We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. (oncotarget.com)
  • In the current study we show that designer glycopeptides containing the Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen (β-Gal-[1→3]-α-GalNAc- O -serine) are immunogenic in vivo and generate TF-specific CTL capable of recognizing a variety of tumor cells in vitro including a MUC1-expressing tumor. (silverchair.com)
  • A 2019 study, for example, showed that stress hormones can increase the number of pro-tumor immune cells in tumors. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • That could mean that stress not only wakes up dormant tumor cells but also provides the right environment for them to grow, Dr. Hildesheim explained. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cholangiocarcinoma is a tumor that arises as a result of differentiation of the cholangiocytes and can develop from anywhere in the biliary tree. (mdpi.com)
  • In the cholangiocarcinoma case, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and alpha-fetoprotein levels helped to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. (bvsalud.org)
  • C4a allotypes react more rapidly with the amino group of peptide antigens while C4b allotypes react more rapidly with the hydroxyl group of carbohydrate antigens. (lu.se)
  • 51.9% of [Coley's] patients with inoperable soft-tissue sarcomas showed complete tumour regression and survived for more than 5 years, and 21.2% of the patients had no clinical evidence of tumour at least 20 years after this treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumors provided for pathologic review should come from tissue that has, whenever possible, been excised, if such tissue is available and accessible. (medscape.com)
  • SCC antigen is useful in the clinical management of advanced cervical cancer. (medscape.com)
  • even tumors with the comparable stage or the same pathological type could show a wide variation in biological behavior and clinical outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sondak, VK & Sosman, JA 2003, ' Results of clinical trials with an allogeneic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine: Melacine® ', Seminars in Cancer Biology , vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 409-415. (northwestern.edu)
  • A phase III trial indicated a survival benefit for Melacine® in the subset of melanoma patients who express the HLA class I antigens A2 and/or HLA-C3. (northwestern.edu)
  • In most cases, histopathologic analysis will permit classification of these tumors into those with a favorable prognosis, which are mostly approached with locoregional treatment or systemic platinum-based chemotherapy, or an unfavorable prognosis, which are treated with empirical combination regimens involiving platinum or taxane. (medscape.com)
  • The sensitivity of CA19-9 can't surpass 92%, they emphasize, because the carbohydrate antigen is not expressed in Lewis blood type-negative patients. (medscape.com)
  • In that population, the antigen tests have a higher sensitivity, but rarely we can see CNS histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Targeting of the fibroblast activation protein is currently being explored for different tumor entities using PET imaging with the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) 68 Ga-FAPI-04, and the first therapeutic applications of 90 Y-FAPI-04 have been applied. (snmjournals.org)
  • A CA 19-9 test measures the amount of a protein called CA 19-9 (cancer antigen 19-9) in a sample of your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A CA 125 test measures the amount of the protein CA 125 (cancer antigen 125) in the blood. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight. (lookformedical.com)
  • Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins , mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins . (lookformedical.com)
  • And that's why we get auto xeno antigens that can be recognised by xeno-autoantibodies that bind to these non-human sugars. (glycanage.com)
  • Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels are elevated in some patients. (medscape.com)
  • Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the absence of specific treatment strategies for this tumor subgroup, patients with TNBC are treated with conventional therapeutics, frequently leading to systemic relapse. (scienceopen.com)
  • Ultrasonography and computer tomography revealed a cystic tumor of the left ovary. (nih.gov)
  • It is made up of a polypeptide chain having 5 carbohydrate chains N-glycosidically bonded to it (molar mass of 41,000 daltons). (cdc.gov)
  • However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)
  • T antigen only becomes 'unsuppressed' as a cell moves towards malignancy, much like the covered rock in our example becomes uncovered as the tide moves out. (dadamo.com)
  • It is even more rare to find a Tn antigen on a healthy cell. (dadamo.com)
  • As a general rule, an orderly expression of T antigens on a cancer cell usually indicates a cancer with a relatively favorable outlook. (dadamo.com)
  • However, a prevalence of Tn antigens (Note: Tn Antigen is actually a precursor to T antigen or a less well developed T antigen) on a cancer cell usually denotes a highly aggressive, metastatic cancer irrespective of organ or type of cancer. (dadamo.com)
  • The difference between the yards is largely because a cancer cell is unable to completely assemble a normal, healthy cell membrane structure like a blood type ABO antigen. (dadamo.com)
  • However, as a cancer cell becomes poorly differentiated, Tn antigen expression predominates. (dadamo.com)
  • Sulfated glucuronosyl glycosphingolipids (SGGLs) are cell surface molecules that are endowed with the Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope. (karger.com)
  • Sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) was the prominent species with lesser amounts of sulfoglucuronosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside (SGLPG) in these tumor cell lines as assessed by quantitative HPTLC immunostaining. (karger.com)
  • Among the gangliosides surveyed, GD3 and 9-O-acetylated GD3 (OAc-GD3) were expressed in all tumor cell lines. (karger.com)
  • The target-binding domain is engineered to be structurally different than endogenous T-cell receptors because it recognizes antigens that are independent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. (tufts.edu)
  • The transmembrane and activation domains of the CAR-T receptor are responsible for activating and triggering T-cell proliferation when the receptor binds to its target antigen. (tufts.edu)
  • In order to detect early stage or small tumors less than 5cm in size, the AFP cutoff is typically set at a concentration of 10 - 20 μg/L. (aacc.org)
  • It is one of the oncofetal antigens produced during fetal life and has a high concentration in the sera of fetuses. (aacc.org)
  • Reddy S et al 1987), high intake of refined carbohydrates (Franceschi S et al 2001), poor vitamin and mineral intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, bile acids, fecal mutagens (DNA-damaging agents), fecal pH, and compromised detoxification enzymes (Winawer SJ et al 1992). (bioresonancetherapy.com.sg)
  • With cystic tumors, as with simple cysts, LFT results are normal. (medscape.com)