PRECURSORDepositionProteinsIntracellularPlaques in Alzheimer's diseaseMetabolismToxic amyloid betaProduction of amyloid-betaAbetaPathologyFibril ProteinNeuronsDistribution of amyloidAntibodyToxicityHuman AmyloidAccumulationOligomersPlaqueNeurofibrillary tanglesNeuronalExtracellular amyloidFibrilsVitroFibrillar amyloidSenileAPOENatriuretic PeptideBindsApolipoproteinIAPP2021Amino acidAlzheimer DiseasePathwayRecombinantNeuroblastoma cellsDegradationInsulinMeSHCleavesAggregates
PRECURSOR17
- Aβ is proteolytically cleaved from a large transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β and γ secretases[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD) mutations alter amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage by γ-secretase, increasing the proportion of longer amyloidogenic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. (nature.com)
- fAD-causing mutations in the genes coding for amyloid precursor protein ( APP ), presenilin 1 ( PSEN1 ) and presenilin 2 ( PSEN2 ) affect the production of Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS), implicating altered APP cleavage and processing in the AD disease mechanism [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
- Rudy J. Castellani, Jr., MD, has been chosen as recipient of the 2010 Alzheimer Award presented by the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease in recognition of his outstanding work, "Reexamining Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence for a Protective Role for Amyloid-β Protein Precursor and Amyloid-β" (J Alzheimers Dis 18, 447-452, 2009) by R.J. Castellani et al. (j-alz.com)
- Madrid, Spain -The use of repetitive anesthesia with isoflurane (one of the most common anesthetics by inhalation) increases the risk of developing changes similar to those observed in AD brains in mice with mutations of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). (j-alz.com)
- Potentially toxic Aβ peptides are generated from the copper-binding amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two independent proteolytic events (Bayer et al. (springer.com)
- It is cleaved by AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN SECRETASES to produce peptides of varying amino acid lengths. (curehunter.com)
- The production of toxic Aβ peptides from amyloid precursor protein (APP) proceeds via the sequential cleavage of the extracellular domain by β-secretase, followed by an intramembrane cut by γ-secretase. (alzforum.org)
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor has been a target for AD therapies for decades, based first on the loss of acetylcholine in the disease and the role of M1 receptors in memory and cognition, and then on the finding that the receptors control the processing of amyloid precursor protein to Aβ peptides. (alzforum.org)
- Overexpression of wild-type human amyloid precursor protein alters GABAergic transmission. (uclouvain.be)
- Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Controls the Expression of the Transcriptional Activator Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (NPAS4) and Synaptic GABA Release. (uclouvain.be)
- Familial AD (FAD) cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS1 and PS2) ( Sisodia and St George-Hyslop, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
- A major plaque component, β amyloid peptide (Aβ), derives from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). (jneurosci.org)
- All recognized mutations for AD are associated with increased deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide fragment comprising 39-43 amino acids that derive from the catabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) molecule. (medscape.com)
- In AD transgenic neurons, astrocyte-derived ApoE intersects intracellularly with amyloid precursor protein/Aβ. (lu.se)
- Taken together, we demonstrate differential localization of ApoE in neurons, astrocytes, and neuron-like cells, and show that internalized ApoE intersects with amyloid precursor protein/Aβ in neurons, which may be of considerable relevance to AD. (lu.se)
- Mutations in genes for the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin I, and presenilin II may lead to autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer disease, typically with early onset. (msdmanuals.com)
Deposition8
- Accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) within the mind causes neuronal apoptosis and finally results in Alzheimer's illness (AD). (ncbcs.org)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular deposition of Aβ peptides in senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated τ protein in neuronal cells as neurofibrillary tangles. (springer.com)
- A progressive increase in amyloid beta peptide deposition is observed, with intracellular immunoreactivity being detected in some brain regions as early as 3-4 months. (mmrrc.org)
- The aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be an early event in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (iospress.com)
- Polymorphisms that slightly vary native peptides or inflammatory processes set the stage for abnormal protein folding and amyloid fibril deposition. (medscape.com)
- Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder caused by extracellular and/or intracellular deposition of insoluble abnormal amyloid fibrils that alter the normal function of tissues. (medscape.com)
- High striatal amyloid beta-peptide deposition across different autosomal Alzheimer disease mutation types. (cdc.gov)
- Apo E proteins influence beta-amyloid deposition, cytoskeletal integrity, and efficiency of neuronal repair. (msdmanuals.com)
Proteins5
- This includes a genome-wide screen for modifiers of gamma-secretase, one of the proteases involved in Aß generation as well as a targeted search for RNA binding proteins capable to posttranscriptionally regulate beta- and alpha-secretase. (alzheimer-europe.org)
- Thus, interaction between these proteins does not directly increase A beta neurotoxicity, and the role of ApoE in Alzheimer's disease remains to be elucidated. (duke.edu)
- These amyloid plaques are immunoreactive with antibodies to the prion protein and do not immunoreact with antibodies to other amyloidogenic proteins, such as the amyloid-beta (which is deposited in Alzheimer disease). (medscape.com)
- Only 10% of amyloidosis deposits consist of components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), apolipoprotein-E (apoE), and serum amyloid P-component (SAP), while nearly 90% of the deposits consist of amyloid fibrils that are formed by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] In humans, about 23 different unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in vivo. (medscape.com)
Intracellular1
- Nevertheless, the pathological hallmarks of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) enriched plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau are shared between fAD and sporadic AD (sAD). (nature.com)
Plaques in Alzheimer's disease2
- The β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is the major constituent of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and is likely to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. (jneurosci.org)
- Selected reviews:Gouras GK, Olsson TT, Hansson O. β-amyloid Peptides and Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease. (lu.se)
Metabolism2
- It is suggested that oxidative stress, stress in the Golgi Apparatus, reduction in expression of the set of genes involved in the signaling pathway Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and in the pathway of the metabolism of beta-amyloid peptide and alteration of the catalytic activity of D2 with consequent changes in serum levels of T3 and T4 may contribute to the development or as aggravating of these conditions. (bvsalud.org)
- This approach has revealed several new mechanisms and biomarkers associated with AD, including alteration of glycogen metabolism, the toxicity of various amyloid peptides aggregation forms, and secretion of a variety of pathology-specific molecules. (lu.se)
Toxic amyloid beta2
- After a stroke, it is known that there is an increase in the production of the toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides that are believed to cause Alzheimer's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
- We designed a small therapeutic that binds strongly to toxic amyloid-beta peptides, and successfully modified neurons to produce it inside the brain in preclinical models. (sunnybrook.ca)
Production of amyloid-beta2
- This finding connects the dots between a peptide called p25 and increased production of amyloid beta. (sciencedaily.com)
- This finding connects the dots between p25 and increased production of amyloid beta, and this p25/cdk5 pathway could explain why the risk of Alzheimer's disease is significantly higher following a stroke," said Dr. Duff, professor of pathology (in psychiatry and in the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain) at Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. (sciencedaily.com)
Abeta2
- It is characterized by two major pathological hallmarks, one of which is the extracellular aggregation of the neurotoxic peptide amyloid-beta (Abeta), which is known to generate oxidative stress. (cnr.it)
- ABBR: Abeta A toxic peptide that deposits in neurons in patients with Alzheimer disease. (tabers.com)
Pathology4
- Modifiers and novel antibodies specifically recognizing neurotoxic Aß assemblies will be validated for their potential not only to prevent amyloid plaque formation, but also spreading of pathology as well as neurotoxicity. (alzheimer-europe.org)
- A clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD or mild AD dementia, both with confirmed presence of amyloid beta pathology consistent with AD. (cms.gov)
- Senescence-related impairment of autophagy induces toxic intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation in a mouse model of amyloid pathology. (uclouvain.be)
- I performed gene therapy against amyloid-beta pathology, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (sunnybrook.ca)
Fibril Protein1
- The amyloidoses are referred to with a capital A (for amyloid) followed by an abbreviation for the fibril protein. (medscape.com)
Neurons2
Distribution of amyloid1
- Various descriptive classification systems were proposed based on the organ distribution of amyloid deposits and clinical findings. (medscape.com)
Antibody1
- An immunosensor for selective detection of beta amyloid peptides Aβ(1-42) was developed via biofunctionalization of the pDAN modified SPGE with the anti-beta amyloid antibody used as the peptide bioreceptor. (swan.ac.uk)
Toxicity1
- Caffeoylquinic acids in Centella asiatica protect against amyloid-β toxicity. (oregonstate.edu)
Human Amyloid1
- You need info about Human Amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42) ELISA Kit or any other Gentaur produtct? (gentaurshop.com)
Accumulation1
- The researchers do not report whether cognition was negatively affected in the animals, either by M1 loss or enhanced amyloid accumulation. (alzforum.org)
Oligomers2
- Background and Purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involves amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation where the intermediate oligomers are considered the prime toxic species. (authorea.com)
- Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Aβ oligomers are more toxic than other peptide forms. (jneurosci.org)
Plaque2
Neurofibrillary tangles2
- Alzheimer disease causes progressive cognitive deterioration and is characterized by beta-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. (msdmanuals.com)
- Beta -amyloid may also alter kinase and phosphatase activities in ways that eventually lead to hyperphosphorylation of tau (a protein that stabilizes microtubules) and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. (msdmanuals.com)
Neuronal3
- In vivo validations include studies in innovative zebrafish models, which allow life imaging of neuronal cell death, as well as the establishment of microPET amyloid imaging for longitudinal studies in individual animals. (alzheimer-europe.org)
- Neuronal rescue was dose-dependent and occurred even after 48 hours exposure to A beta, but was overwhelmed by excess A beta. (duke.edu)
- At high concentrations the peptide (known as P3) is toxic to neuronal cells in culture, apparently by causing calcium leakage. (alzforum.org)
Extracellular amyloid1
- A 39-42 amino acid peptide, AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES is a principal component of the extracellular amyloid in SENILE PLAQUES. (curehunter.com)
Fibrils2
- Cryo-TEM, used together with SAXS to determine fibril dimensions, shows that the length and degree of twisting of peptide fibrils seem to be influenced by the net peptide charge. (lancs.ac.uk)
- The modern era of amyloidosis classification began in the late 1960s with the development of methods to solubilize amyloid fibrils. (medscape.com)
Vitro1
- Recombinant expression, in vitro refolding, and biophysical characterization of the human glucagon -like peptide-1 receptor. (ncbcs.org)
Fibrillar amyloid1
- Aβ (1-15) was used in a study investigating the presence of conformational epitope/s (mimotope/s) on fibrillar amyloid β-protein (1-42). (peptides.de)
Senile3
- Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is the main component of extraneuronal senile plaques typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. (biomedcentral.com)
- One of the important hallmarks of AD is the formation of extracellular senile plaques, preferentially composed of amyloid beta-protein[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- beta-amyloid is the main component of neuritic (senile) plaques, which consist of degenerated axonal or dendritic processes, astrocytes, and glial cells around an amyloid core. (msdmanuals.com)
APOE3
- To characterize the lipidation states of Aβ peptides and apolipoprotein E in the cerebrospinal fluid in adults with respect to cognitive diagnosis and APOE ε4 allele carrier status and after a dietary intervention. (nih.gov)
- The lipidation states of apolipoproteins and Aβ peptides in the brain differ depending on APOE genotype and cognitive diagnosis. (nih.gov)
- This peptide is derived from Aβ (12-28), which represents a binding site for apolipoprotein E (apoE). (bestbiochem.com)
Natriuretic Peptide1
- B-type natriuretic peptide. (tabers.com)
Binds1
- It has been demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is an endogenous insulinotropic peptide secreted from the intestine, binds to its receptor within the mind and possesses neuroprotective results. (ncbcs.org)
Apolipoprotein5
- Scholars@Duke publication: Attenuation of the neurotoxic effect of A beta amyloid peptide by apolipoprotein E. (duke.edu)
- Potentially, binding of A beta to apolipoprotein E could increase A beta neurotoxicity. (duke.edu)
- However, in hippocampal cultures, 0.1 microM apolipoprotein E eliminated the neurotoxicity of 10 microM A beta. (duke.edu)
- Attenuation of the neurotoxic effect of A beta amyloid peptide by apolipoprotein E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 199 (1), 163-170. (duke.edu)
- Attenuation of the neurotoxic effect of A beta amyloid peptide by apolipoprotein E. " Biochem Biophys Res Commun 199, no. 1 (February 28, 1994): 163-70. (duke.edu)
IAPP1
20211
- 2021. https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/764399/all/peptide. (tabers.com)
Amino acid1
- As Aβ peptides can be truncated both N-terminally and C-terminally, we will hereafter use the convention of referring to peptides cleaved at the canonical N-terminal Asp1 amino acid by the C-terminal truncation (e.g. (nature.com)
Alzheimer Disease1
- Sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is caused in part by decreased clearance of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide breakdown products. (nih.gov)
Pathway1
- In cell culture systems, Cu supplementation was found to stimulate the non-amyloidogenic APP pathway thereby suppressing the formation of β amyloid (Borchardt et al. (springer.com)
Recombinant2
- Mutated recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis induced by amyloid-beta peptide (1-42). (ncbcs.org)
- Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and gene recombination strategies, we generated a mutated recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (mGLP-1) which has longer half-life as in contrast with native GLP-1. (ncbcs.org)
Neuroblastoma cells1
- The self-assembly of two derivatives of KLVFF, a fragment Aβ(16-20) of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, is investigated and recovery of viability of neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ (1-42) is observed at sub-stoichiometric peptide concentrations. (lancs.ac.uk)
Degradation1
- Raha S, Ghosh A, Dutta D, Patel DR, Pahan K. Activation of PPARa enhances astroglial uptake and degradation of ß-amyloid. (rush.edu)
Insulin2
- Activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) upon ligand binding results in the discharge of insulin from pancreatic cells. (ncbcs.org)
- It stimulates beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin. (tabers.com)
MeSH1
- Amyloid beta-Peptides" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
Cleaves2
- Then, γ-secretase cleaves C99 to release the mature Aβ peptide. (jneurosci.org)
- Neprilysin is a circulating and membrane-bound metalloprotease that cleaves peptides. (medscape.com)
Aggregates1
- Amyloid-beta peptides, produced in the brain, form toxic aggregates in AD-affected brains. (sunnybrook.ca)