Amino acid transport systems neutral. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transmitters were identified by using antibodies raised against vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and the glycine transporter 2. (nih.gov)
They proposed that Lys158 is central to proton-coupled transport and that the amine group serves the same functional role as the Na2 ion in LeuT, thus demonstrating common principles among proton- and sodium-coupled transporters. (tcdb.org)
Measurement of [ 14 C]betaine uptake by HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human or rat sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs), SNAT1, SNAT2 and SNAT4 revealed that only human and rat SNAT2 have betaine uptake activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Recent research has shown that GPNA can inhibit multiple other amino acid transporters and that GPNA's inhibition of cell viability is likely due to off-target effects from the activity of the γ-Glutamyltransferase enzyme rather than the disruption of glutamine metabolism [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The transport of serum amino acids into cells is an active process that is facilitated by plasma membrane-localized amino acid transporters. (spandidos-publications.com)
The members of the L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) family are Na + -independent transporters that deliver neutral amino acids into cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Liu X, Bush DR. ( 2006 ) Expression and transcriptional regulation of amino acid transporters in plants. (academictree.org)
Ortiz-Lopez A, Chang H, Bush DR. ( 2000 ) Amino acid transporters in plants. (academictree.org)
high confidence medium confidence low confidence transporter - transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging. (lbl.gov)
Cellular arginine uptake is mainly mediated by the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family, also known as y + transporters, which is involved in active transport [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC38A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning of an amino acid transporter with functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern identical to that of system A". J Biol Chem. (wikipedia.org)
have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)
SLC6A19 is a sodium-dependent and chloride-independent neutral amino acid transporter, expressed predominately in the kidneys and intestine. (medscape.com)
Cloning and expression of the mouse SLC6A19 gene demonstrated that this transporter has all the properties of the amino acid transport system B 0 AT1. (medscape.com)
[ 10 , 11 ] In an animal model of Hartnup disorder, mice lacking SLC6A19 (B 0 AT1) transporter general neutral aminoaciduria were observed, as well as the decreased body weight, demonstrating the essential role of epithelial amino acid uptake in optimal growth and bodyweight regulation. (medscape.com)
Mutations in the SLC6A19 gene, which encodes the SLC6A19 (B 0 AT1) neutral amino acid transporter, causes a failure of the transport of neutral (ie, monoaminomonocarboxylic) amino acids in the small intestine and the renal tubules. (medscape.com)
System y + L is a broad-scope amino acid transporter which binds and translocates cationic and neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)
Na + replacement with K + does not affect lysine transport, but markedly decreases the affinity of the transporter for L-leucine and L-glutamine. (uandes.cl)
The knockdown of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) by siRNA also enhanced GEF-induced cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
DÃ¼ndar E, Bush DR. ( 2009 ) BAT1, a bidirectional amino acid transporter in Arabidopsis. (academictree.org)
2001 ) ANT1, an aromatic and neutral amino acid transporter in Arabidopsis. (academictree.org)
High-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport system permease protein BraE, component of Branched chain amino acid uptake transporter. (lbl.gov)
In this study, we have compared and contrasted the transport properties of this cloned protein expressed in Xenopus oocytes with the native transporter present in rabbit intestinal brush borders. (xenbase.org)
Establishment of a novel microscale thermophoresis ligand-binding assay for characterization of SLC solute carriers using oligopeptide transporter PepT1 (SLC15 family) as a model system. (unibe.ch)
Expression, purification, and structural insights for the human uric acid transporter, GLUT9, using the Xenopus laevis oocytes system. (unibe.ch)
Placental Uric Acid Transport System: Glucose Transporter 9 (SLC2A9). (unibe.ch)
The SLC1 high-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter family. (unibe.ch)
The sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporter family SLC23. (unibe.ch)
Leptin is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by a saturable transporter (8), and impaired transport can be acquired, may precede receptor/postreceptor defects, worsens with increasing obesity, and is to some extent reversible (14-16). (clubalthea.com)

Betaine uptake is induced by hypertonic stress in a placental trophoblast cell line, and involvement of amino acid transport system A was proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we aimed to identify the subtype(s) of system A that mediates hypertonicity-induced betaine uptake. (elsevierpure.com)
Betaine exclusively inhibited the uptake activity of SNAT2 among the rat system A subtypes. (elsevierpure.com)
As in other cells, amino acids may compete for uptake by a common carrier system. (complementary-therapists.com)
Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
However, it is unlikely that this second uptake system contributes greatly to L-alanine uptake. (docksci.com)
Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the '%''-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. (docksci.com)
Amino acids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of compounds commonly concentrated by active transport, and their uptake has been studied in a wide variety of microbial and mammalian systems. (docksci.com)
68) via uptake systems specific for single amino acids or groups of structurally related amino acids. (docksci.com)
D . M . SCOTT AND J. A. PATEMAN ever, L-alanine also appeared to be capable of transport via a second "leucine preferring" uptake system. (docksci.com)
Uptake assay procedure Amino acid uptake was examined using a modification of the method described by Hatanaka et al. (docksci.com)

The env gene maintained an ORF coding for a 538-amino acid polypeptide that has all the characteristic features of env proteins and mediates intercellular fusion in vitro [ 11 - 13 ]. (ecancer.org)
Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
In contrast to the influx of amino acids, the degradation of proteins is also the important intracellular mechanism for releasing free amino acids both under steady-state conditions and during cellular stresses. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes. (reference.md)
L-Aspartic acid is used as a cell culture media component for the commercial biomanufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Phenylalanine is an α- amino acid that is found in many proteins (such as hemoglobin ), is essential in the human diet, and normally is readily converted to the amino acid tyrosine in the human body . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In humans, the L-isomer of phenylalanine, which is the only form that is involved in protein synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids common in animal proteins and required for normal functioning in humans. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This study investigated the multiproduct (fucoidans, ß-glucans, proteins, carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids and polyphenols) valorization of the invasive macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum within a green biorefinery concept using ultrasound (US), microwave (MW) treatment followed by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) with co-solvent and enzymatic extraction. (bvsalud.org)
However, US/MW pretreatment and enzymatic extraction did not improve the yields of proteins and free amino acids. (bvsalud.org)
Globulins are a diverse group of proteins that transport various substances in the blood. (cdc.gov)

The ASCT2 transport system catalyses a sodium-dependent antiport of glutamine and other neutral amino acids which is involved in amino acid metabolism. (ucy.ac.cy)
Defects in metabolism of amino acids. (medlineplus.gov)
Inborn errors of metabolism and the nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)

This observation suggests that the specificity of system y + L varies depending on the ionic composition of the medium. (uandes.cl)
In agreement with the prediction, the specificity of system y + L was altered by the monovalent cations. (uandes.cl)
Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)
This alanine transport system was shown to exhibit a broad substrate specificity and appeared to be capable of transporting most naturally occurring neutral a-amino acids. (docksci.com)
Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)
This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)
Temperature sensitivity and substrate specificity of two distinct Na+-activated D-glucose transport systems in guinea pig jejunal brush border membrane vesicles. (xenbase.org)

Acacia and inulin add soluble fibers that are readily fermentable into short-chain fatty acids that support the growth of beneficial bacteria, assist water absorption, and support colonic cell function. (klaire.com)
Long-chain mmBCFAs are widely existing in animal fats, milks and are mostly derived from bacteria in the diet or animal digestive system. (bvsalud.org)
When the intestinal barrier is healthy, it allows selective paracellular transport of nutrients, regulating solute and water fluxes while preventing the entry of bacteria and toxins. (nature.com)

In K + , the carrier behaved as a cationic amino acid specific carrier, interacting weakly with neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)

Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. (lookformedical.com)
Catecholamines are any of a group of amines (nitrogen-contain organic compounds) derived from the amino acid tyrosine and containing a catechol group (aromatic chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Here we have studied the interaction of the carrier with various amino acids in the presence of Na + , K + , Li + and guanidinium ion. (uandes.cl)

After two months of feeding, the fish-containing diet resulted in significant observable effects as compared to the control and MeHg-containing diets, encompassing altered behavioral performances as monitored in a Y-shaped maze and an open field, and an increased dopamine metabolic turnover in hippocampus, despite the fact that the fish-containing diet was enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids and selenium compared to the fish-devoid diets. (hindawi.com)
This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. (lookformedical.com)
Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) consist of a wide variety of fatty acids with alkyl branching of methyl group. (bvsalud.org)
The characterization of SC-CO2 extracts revealed that pretreatment with US and MW improved the 2-fold yield of carotenoids, total phenolics and fatty acids. (bvsalud.org)

Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by impaired neutral (ie, monoaminomonocarboxylic) amino acid transport in the apical brush border membrane of the small intestine and the proximal tubule of the kidney. (medscape.com)
An autosomal recessive disorder due to defective absorption of NEUTRAL AMINO ACIDS by both the intestine and the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. (uchicago.edu)

Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Both starvation and diet-induced obesity elevated triglycerides and decreased the transport of leptin across the BBB, whereas short-term fasting decreased triglycerides and increased transport. (clubalthea.com)
We conclude that triglycerides are an important cause of leptin resistance as mediated by impaired transport across the BBB and suggest that triglyceride-mediated leptin resistance may have evolved as an anti-anorectic mechanism during starvation. (clubalthea.com)
Starvation, like obesity, is accompanied by a decreased BBB transport rate of exogenous leptin (20). (clubalthea.com)
Whereas it is difficult to explain the evolutionary advantage of decreased leptin transport in obesity, an advantage is obvious in starvation. (clubalthea.com)
The mechanism of the starvation-induced impairment in transport is unknown but cannot be caused by leptin itself because its levels decrease with fasting (21). (clubalthea.com)
Here, we postulate that triglycerides may underlie the impairment in BBB transport in both obesity and starvation. (clubalthea.com)
Thus, hypertriglyceridemia could explain impaired transport of leptin across the BBB in both starvation and obesity. (clubalthea.com)
It is unclear what causes defective transport of leptin in either obesity or starvation. (clubalthea.com)
Because serum triglycerides are elevated in both starvation and obesity, we postulated that triglycerides inhibit leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
Phenylalanine also is classified as an "essential amino acid" since it cannot be synthesized by the human body from other compounds through chemical reactions and thus has to be taken in with the diet. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Rapid methods for amino acid determination are desired to reduce running times, and the main factors involved in the rapid separation of these compounds in HPLC are the columns, solvents, and gradient. (bvsalud.org)
Involves transport systems that are selective to certain compounds and saturable ( Na + and K + ions, sugars, aminoacids ) Pinocytosis : involves formation of a vesicle filled with fluid and large molecules of transported substances. (present5.com)
At least 279 microcystins have been identified, and most of these compounds share a common amino acid, the Adda side chain. (cdc.gov)
MS/MS data from a training set of 142 fentanyl analogs were used to select the four product ions and six neutral losses that together provided the most complete coverage (97.2%) of the training set compounds. (cdc.gov)

Our results indicate that SNAT2 transports betaine, and that tonicity-sensitive SNAT2 expression may be involved in regulation of betaine concentration in placental trophoblasts. (elsevierpure.com)

During eucaloric conditions the continual breakdown of protein that occurs in the body's organs and vital tissues is replenished in the post-absorptive state via supply of amino acids derived primarily from the skeletal muscle component of FFM[ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycine is an amino acid, or a building block for protein. (supplemented.co.uk)
This amino acid is found in high-protein foods including meat, fish, eggs, dairy and legumes. (supplemented.co.uk)
Rapid method to express and purify human membrane protein using the Xenopus oocyte system for functional and low-resolution structural analysis. (unibe.ch)
Leptin is a 16- kDa protein secreted by fat cells (1) that regulates feeding and energy expenditures by acting at sites primarily within the central nervous system (2-4). (clubalthea.com)
Decreasing the amount of the anorectic protein reaching the central nervous system should enhance the drive for seeking food. (clubalthea.com)
Eating a high-protein diet may prevent amino acid deficiencies that cause symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)

have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)

Characterization of the D-glucose/Na+ cotransport system in the intestinal brush-border membrane by using the specific substrate, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. (xenbase.org)

the presence of substrate amino acids. (caltech.edu)

During her M.S., she focused on the development of fluorescent amino acids and peptide synthesis. (rsc.org)

Second, an unidentified mechanism impairs transport in obese mice even when BBB transport is assessed by brain perfusion, a method that removes the immediate effects of blood-borne substances. (clubalthea.com)
Passive diffusion : substances move from the area with high concentration to the area with low concentration ( small neutral molecules, oxygen ) Facilitated diffusion : involves transport systems (specific carriers) functioning without energy consumption, along the concentration gradient ( adenilyc nucleotides ) Active transport : can occur against the concentration gradient and with energy consumption. (present5.com)

Neutral amino acid transport in epithelial cells and its malfunction in Hartnup disorder. (medscape.com)
It presents a functional unit of a physical barrier consisting of a mucus layer and a monolayer of epithelial cells and of a mucosal lymphoid system that together efficiently discriminate between pathogenic and commensal microorganisms 16 . (nature.com)

Foods and beverages containing other amino acids, such as l-lysine, l-ornithine, and l-cysteine can lead to saturation of the bodies absorption system leading to an excess of unabsorbed amino acids, including the L-Arginine in ProArgi-9 Plus, thereby creating gastrointestinal distress. (complementary-therapists.com)

For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. (lbl.gov)
Multiple transport pathways for neutral amino acids in rabbit jejunal brush border vesicles. (xenbase.org)

The obesity-related defect in leptin BBB transport has two aspects (10). (clubalthea.com)
The inability of obese mice to respond to peripherally administered leptin while responding to centrally administered leptin is likely caused by a defect in leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)
Hartnup disorder is a genetic condition in which there is a defect in the transport of certain amino acids (such as tryptophan and histidine) by the small intestine and kidneys. (medlineplus.gov)

Decreasing triglycerides may potentiate the anorectic effect of leptin by enhancing leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)
L-Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
L -arginine is an essential amino acid for chickens and turns out to be a conditionally essential amino acid for mammals under many stressful conditions [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)

Coupled transport of sodium and organic solutes. (xenbase.org)

Obesity is associated with leptin resistance caused by impaired leptin transport across the BBB, defects in leptin-receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. (clubalthea.com)

Guanidinium stimulated the interaction of the carrier with neutral amino acids, but the effect was restricted to certain analogues (e.g. (uandes.cl)

For more information, see the paper from 2019 on GapMind for amino acid biosynthesis, the paper from 2022 on GapMind for carbon sources, or view the source code . (lbl.gov)

Kinetic analysis of mechanism of intestinal Na+-dependent sugar transport. (xenbase.org)

An acid is a substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H + ). A base is a substance that can accept H + ions. (medscape.com)
The rate of these (pacemaker) areas could be altered by modifications in ions, temperature and especially, the autonomic system. (bvsalud.org)

The transport of L-alanine by the hamster kidney cell line BHK-21-C13. (docksci.com)

Placental uric acid transport system. (unibe.ch)

Resistance arises from impaired leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), defects in leptin receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. (clubalthea.com)

[ 14 ] The most common mutation in Hartnup disorder is c.517G→A, resulting in the amino acid substitution p.D173N, and it can be found in 43% of patients. (medscape.com)
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in, or problem with the proper activity of, the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Hartnup disorder is a metabolic condition involving amino acids. (medlineplus.gov)
Rarely, there have been reports of severe nervous system disease and even deaths in families with this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)

Thus, in the presence of guanidinium, the carrier discriminates sharply among different neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)
2009 ) Salicylic acid transport in Ricinus communis involves a pH-dependent carrier system in addition to diffusion. (academictree.org)
Mechanism Direction Energy required Carrier Saturability Passive diffusion Along the gradient No No No Facilitated diffusion Along the gradient No Yes Active transport Against the gradient Yes Yes. (present5.com)

During my own PhD that focused on the development of small neutral molecules that can transport chloride anions across biological membranes, we often observed binding to the lipid headgroup in molecular dynamics modelling. (rsc.org)

2000). "Primary structure, functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern of human ATA2, a subtype of amino acid transport system A.". Biochim. (wikipedia.org)

While binding to the lipid headgroup is detrimental for anion transport, I hypothesized that binding to the headgroup can provide membrane selectivity (e.g., bacterial membranes over human membranes) and can induce membrane perturbations similar to those observed for antimicrobial peptides. (rsc.org)

Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion. (wakehealth.edu)
The maintenance of the intracellular level of amino acids is crucial for cellular homeostasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Amino acids are essential for cellular homeostasis, growth and proliferation via their contribution to a diverse range of cellular processes. (spandidos-publications.com)
This leads to cellular burn out and systemic inflammation, which in turn means your immune system is worn out. (integrativehealthcarespringfieldmo.com)

These amino acids also appear to be transported in microorganisms (Wargel e t al. (docksci.com)

Based on 3-d structures of APC superfamily members, Rudnick ( 2011 ) has proposed the pathway for transport and suggested a 'rocking bundle' mechanism of transport. (tcdb.org)

GastroThera™ augments the actions of MultiThera® multivitamin formulas with the amino acid glutamine, the primary fuel for intestinal cell function, to help meet the high energy demands of the GI tract, liver, and immune system during periods of physiological stress and transport ammonia to the kidneys for excretion. (klaire.com)

The central dopaminergic system is of interest in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. (jneurosci.org)
Together with pH determination, bicarbonate measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous potentially serious disorders associated with acid-base imbalance in the respiratory and metabolic systems. (cdc.gov)

Measurements of creatine phosphokinase are used in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction, skeletal muscle diseases, and diseases of the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)

The health care provider will order a urine test to check for high levels of neutral amino acids. (medlineplus.gov)
This innovative processing method was applied to evaluate simulated exposure samples of remifentanil and carfentanil in water and their metabolites remifentanil acid and norcarfentanil in urine. (cdc.gov)

alpha-Methylglucoside satisfies only Na+-dependent transport system of intestinal epithelium. (xenbase.org)
Arginine prevented C. perfringens challenge-induced circulated arginine deficiency, normalized intestinal arginine transport and catabolism, down-regulated JAK-STAT signalling pathway and attenuated the inflammatory response, which exerted protective effects on the intestine of broiler chickens. (biomedcentral.com)

The relation between cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of leptin in obese humans (17,18) suggests that defective BBB transport accounts for more of the overall resistance to leptin than the receptor/postreceptor defects (19). (clubalthea.com)

A limited amount of L-Arginine ProArgi-9 Plus in can be transported from the digestive tract to the blood at any given time. (complementary-therapists.com)
Macroautophagy (thereafter designated as autophagy) is a self-digestive system conserved in all eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Her research interests are ion transport, lipid binding, membrane processes and medicinal applications of supramolecular systems. (rsc.org)

First, it's important to understand how your immune system is affected. (integrativehealthcarespringfieldmo.com)
The longer your immune system is down, the easier it is for any dormant viruses in your body to reactivate. (integrativehealthcarespringfieldmo.com)
As your immune system works to eliminate the threat of coronavirus, it shifts into overdrive to fight a multi-front war against these other viral infections that have come to life now, depleting you of Vitamin D, which is crucial for immune system function. (integrativehealthcarespringfieldmo.com)
Vitamin D influences your immune cells in a way that prevents your immune system from spiraling out of control. (integrativehealthcarespringfieldmo.com)
1985. Effect of dioctyl phthalate on immune system of rat. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, the shortage of the intracellular amino acid pool appears to determine the sensitivity to GEF. (spandidos-publications.com)
Intracellular levels of amino acids are maintained by the balance between their influx, utilization and recycling ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. (lookformedical.com)

Here, we focused on the growth and metabolic interactions of the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM 12 ) synthetic bacterial community, which is increasingly used as a model system in gut microbiome research. (nature.com)

This reaction continues to move to the left as long as CO 2 is constantly eliminated or until HCO 3 - is significantly depleted, making less HCO 3 - available to bind H + . That HCO 3 - and PaCO 2 can be managed independently (kidneys and lungs, respectively) makes this a very effective buffering system. (medscape.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms13

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs137

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes55

Information Science4

Health Care1

Transporters10

Transporter20

Uptake11

Proteins13

Metabolism3

Specificity7

Bacteria3

Cationic amino1

Aromatic2

Various amino1

Fatty acids4

Autosomal recessive disorder2

Starvation10

Compounds6

SNAT21

Protein7

Mammalian1

Characterization1

Substrate1

Peptide1

Substances2

Epithelial cells2

Lysine1

Pathways2

Defect3

Potentiate1

Essential amin3

Monolayer1

Organic1

Caused by impaired1

Analogues1

20221

Kinetic1

Ions2

Alanine1

Placental1

Blood brain b1

Disorder4

Carrier3

Small neutral molecules1

20001

Anion1

Cellular4

Microorganisms1

Mechanism1

Glutamine1

Disorders2

Skeletal muscle1

Urine2

Intestinal2

Serum1

Digestive2

Membrane1

Immune System5

Intracellular2

Biological1

Metabolic1

Kidneys1