• Agouti-signaling protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASIP gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) is a competitive antagonist with alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to bind with melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alleles of the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) gene control the temporal and spatial expression of red-based phaeomelanin and black-based eumelanin pigments. (usask.ca)
  • Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) Gene in Some Goat Breeds in Tropical and Temperate Climates. (rit.edu)
  • This locus, ASIP, encodes the agouti signalling protein, a peptide antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R), which is the product of the extension locus. (omia.org)
  • Agouti revisited: transcript quantification of the ASIP gene in bovine tissues related to protein expression and localization. (omia.org)
  • In the fourth investigation, the 5' sequence of Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) was identified. (edu.au)
  • This dark orange colour is caused by the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) mutation, which is quite uncommon among Holland Lops. (pestclue.com)
  • Agouti Holland Lops are very rare and they are produced because of the presence of a genetic mutation known as Agouti Signaling Protein or (ASIP) for short. (luxurypetsource.com)
  • In this aspect, humans also have an agouti gene that encodes for the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) that is expressed in fat tissue and pancreas, and there is some correlation that obese individuals exhibit greater expression of this gene compared to leaner individuals. (missouri.edu)
  • GH activates agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons and GH receptor (GHR) ablation in AgRP cells mitigates highly characteristic hypothalamic and metabolic adaptations induced by weight loss. (nih.gov)
  • Angiotensin II (Ang-II) type 1 (AT1A) receptors in Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons contribute to the integrative control of RMR, and deletion of AT1A from AgRP neurons causes RMR adaptation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Following diet-induced obesity, a subset of Ang-II/AT1A-inhibited AgRP neurons undergo a spontaneous G-protein "signal switch," whereby AT1A stop inhibiting the cell via Gαi and instead begin stimulating the cell via Gαq. (bvsalud.org)
  • More specifically, AT1R within Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) has been implicated in selected effects of DOCA-salt. (bvsalud.org)
  • AgRP to Kiss1 neuron signaling links nutritional state. (ncsu.edu)
  • Here, we find that starvation-activated agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons can inhibit the reproductive neuroendocrine circuit. (ncsu.edu)
  • In the second study, the NIDDK researchers demonstrated that barr1 also modulated the activity of hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons, which regulate food intake and maintain proper blood-glucose concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • In one study NIDDK researchers demonstrated that the signaling protein, barr1, modulates the activity of hypothalamic AgRP neurons, which regulate food intake and maintain proper blood-glucose levels. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, they found it was expressed within cells called agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which are known to promote hunger. (yale.edu)
  • Agouti interacts with the melanocortin 1 receptor to determine whether the melanocyte (pigment cell) produces phaeomelanin (a red to yellow pigment), or eumelanin (a brown to black pigment). (wikipedia.org)
  • My research is focused on investigating the function of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) , its agonists α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and ACTH, and antagonists agouti signaling protein and human β-defensin 3 in regulating cutaneous pigmentation and the response to UV radiation. (uc.edu)
  • Linda is also concerned with the regulation of G-protein couple receptors and melanocortin 1 receptor signalling. (aru.ac.uk)
  • Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. (curehunter.com)
  • Endothelin-1 Protects Human Melanocytes from UV-Induced DNA Damage by Activating JNK and p38 Signaling Pathways. (uc.edu)
  • This complex gene codes for a complex protein important in a number of pathways. (creation.com)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to influence molecular and biochemical processes and signal transduction pathways, affecting cellular proliferation, differentiation and death in a variety of organisms. (i-scholar.in)
  • He is concerned with both the physiological processes involved and the signalling pathways which direct them. (aru.ac.uk)
  • This includes both transport processes and intracellular signalling pathways. (aru.ac.uk)
  • Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whereas the G s /G i -protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of G q -protein-dependent signals remain poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • To analyze this effect anatomically, we manipulated G q -protein-dependent signaling selectively in neurons belonging to the direct or indirect striatal pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Acute G q -protein activation in direct-pathway or indirect-pathway neurons produced an enhancement or a decrease, respectively, of activity-dependent parameters. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast, sustained G q -protein activation impaired the functionality of direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons and disrupted the behavioral performance and electroencephalography-related activity tasks controlled by either anatomical framework. (jneurosci.org)
  • Signals from these neurons help to control glucose production in the liver. (nih.gov)
  • Importantly, it appears that orexigenic neuropeptide Y agouti connected protein neurons come to be lively inside a low ROS situation, which can be the opposite of anorexigenic VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor pro opiomelanocortin cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript cells, which appear to rely a lot more on glucose and are much more lively at increased ROS levels. (wnt-signaling.com)
  • Beyond Red Hair and Sunburns: Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms of MC1R Signaling and Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage. (uc.edu)
  • We focused on two genes known to cause melanism in other taxa, Mc1r and its antagonist, the agouti signaling protein (Agouti). (gephebase.org)
  • While variation in the Mc1r coding region does not correlate with melanism in any population, in a New Hampshire population, we find that a 125-kb deletion, which includes the upstream regulatory region and exons 1 and 2 of Agouti, results in a loss of Agouti expression and is perfectly associated with melanic color. (gephebase.org)
  • Expression of surface transmembrane attractin profoundly impacts agouti regulation of pigmentation through Mc1R signaling. (dana-farber.org)
  • As outlined in the panel at left (see credit below), a single amino acid alteration in agouti may affect the presentation mode of agouti to the Mc1R, leading to a reduction in pheomelanin production without a balancing increase in eumelanin production. (dana-farber.org)
  • In mice, the agouti gene encodes a paracrine signalling molecule that causes hair follicle melanocytes to synthesize the yellow pigment pheomelanin instead of the black or brown pigment eumelanin. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene is highly similar to the mouse gene and encodes a secreted protein that may (1) affect the quality of hair pigmentation, (2) act as an inverse agonist of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, (3) play a role in neuroendocrine aspects of melanocortin action, and (4) have a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The murine agouti gene locus is found on chromosome 2 and encodes a 131 amino acid protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes MC 3 , a G-protein coupled receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. (wikidoc.org)
  • Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • This complex organization of the gene reflects the complex nature of the protein receptor it produces. (creation.com)
  • The protein is known to bind to and activate the anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor (ALK), a molecule that, when mutated, drives a variety of human cancers, including pediatric neuroblastoma, B-cell lymphomas, and certain lung cancers. (yale.edu)
  • Mutations in these genes affect proteins involved in the signaling pathway for pigment production and explain a large amount of the color variation in mammals. (creation.com)
  • Recently, Notch signaling pathway has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for chemotherapeutic intervention. (notchgene.com)
  • Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the andrographolide constraints SW-480 cell growth through inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway. (notchgene.com)
  • Treatment of RINm5F insulinoma Cells or isolated islets with IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma induced beta-cell damage through a NF-kappa B-dependent signaling pathway. (pdgfrinhibitors.com)
  • The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Zinc protoporphyrin suppresses cancer cell viability through a heme oxygenase-1-independent mechanism: the involvement of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Moreover, engagement of this intracellular signaling route was functionally active in the mouse dorsal striatum in vivo , as proven by the disruption of neuronal integrity and behavioral tasks. (jneurosci.org)
  • The most widely studied allele variants are the lethal yellow mutation (Ay) and the viable yellow mutation (Avy) which are caused by ectopic expression of agouti. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lethal yellow (Ay) mutation is due to an upstream deletion at the start site of agouti transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • The viable yellow (Avy) mutation is due to a change in the mRNA length of agouti, as the expressed gene becomes longer than the normal gene length of agouti. (wikipedia.org)
  • Holland Lops also can come in an unusual color called Agouti which blends color pigments delivering a dark orange shaded fur mutation. (luxurypetsource.com)
  • Regulation of leptin by agouti. (nih.gov)
  • Sex-Specific Associations between Adiponectin and Leptin Signaling and Pancreatic Cancer Survival. (harvard.edu)
  • Current theories to interpret leptin resistance include the impairment of leptin transport, attenuation of leptin signaling, chronic inflammation, ER tress, deficiency of autophagy, as well as leptin itself. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Animals without leptin signaling display severe metabolic imbalance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The circulating leptin signals the status of body energy stores to the brain and induces the satiety responses through neurotransmmiters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dogs with a k y k y result will show a coat color pattern based on the result they have at the A (Agouti) Locus. (embarkvet.com)
  • A K B K B or K B k y result means the dog is dominant black, which overrides the fur pattern that would otherwise be determined by the A (Agouti) Locus. (embarkvet.com)
  • These dogs will usually have solid black or brown coats, or if they have ee at the E (Extension) Locus then red/cream coats, regardless of their result at the A (Agouti) Locus. (embarkvet.com)
  • locus makes long-range chromatin interactions with selected tissue-specific gene loci during adipocyte differentiation in a protein kinase A dependent manner. (umassmed.edu)
  • In wild-type mice agouti is only expressed in the skin during hair growth, but these dominant yellow mutations cause it to be expressed in other tissues as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • All of the mutant mice have a gene, Agouti , that influences coat color, and an adjacent transposable element-a DNA sequence that can move about the genome, creating or reversing mutations-that promotes the gene's expression. (the-scientist.com)
  • Melanism in peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in agouti. (gephebase.org)
  • Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress Proteins in Schistosoma mansoni. (rit.edu)
  • Lipid phosphatases identified by screening a mouse phosphatase shRNA library regulate T-cell differentiation and protein kinase B AKT signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Mice with wildtype agouti will be grey, with each hair being partly yellow and partly black. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mice, the wild type agouti allele (A) presents a grey phenotype, however, many allele variants have been identified through genetic analyses, which result in a wide range of phenotypes distinct from the typical grey coat. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABOVE: Agouti Viable Yellow mice share the same DNA sequence, but have different methylation patterns. (the-scientist.com)
  • The mice are Agouti Viable Yellow, naturally occurring mutants, which, though genetically identical, have coats that vary in color-a phenomenon that researchers have long studied as an example of epigenetic inheritance. (the-scientist.com)
  • But in the yellow mice, it isn't methylated, meaning that these animals overexpress Agouti signaling protein in many tissues, leading to their yellow hue. (the-scientist.com)
  • In a series of experiments examining the T cells and B cells of multiple generations of Agouti Viable Yellow mice, the researchers screened the animals' genomes searching for transposable elements that were methylated similarly to the one that sits next to the Agouti gene. (the-scientist.com)
  • Viral-mediated restoration of MC4R signaling in the vSUB partially restores obesity in MC4R-null mice without affecting anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
  • This finding suggests that certain uterine environments may favor animals with a 'thrifty genotype' meaning that the agouti gene of mice may help them survive in unfavorable uterine environments over those mice devoid of this gene, Yet, the downside of this expression of the agouti during early development is that the animals may be at risk for later metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes" Rosenfeld said. (missouri.edu)
  • Yale scientists have discovered that a protein known as augmentor-alpha regulates body weight in mice, an insight that could lead to new treatments for metabolic disorders. (yale.edu)
  • The researchers then studied mice that lacked the protein altogether. (yale.edu)
  • But during fasting, mice without augmentor-alpha were still very active, which suggests the protein is an important signal for energy conservation. (yale.edu)
  • When agouti is expressed, production of pheomelanin dominates, a melanin pigment that produces yellow or red colored hair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers who conducted the original series of experiments, which Rosenfeld repeated, claimed that exposure to BPA and genistein resulted in yellow coat color, or agouti , offspring that were more susceptible to obesity and type 2 diabetes compared to their brown coat color, healthy siblings. (missouri.edu)
  • Isolation of extracellular fluids reveals novel secreted bioactive proteins from muscle and fat tissues. (harvard.edu)
  • In particular, she is interested in the impact of lipotoxicity on glucose metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular response to insulin signalling. (aru.ac.uk)
  • It might also assistance the use of reduced carbohydrate diets, which can typically reverse quite a few symptoms on the metabolic syndrome, In summary, the over assistance the hypothesis that exces sive insulin signalling can maximize oxidative anxiety. (wnt-signaling.com)
  • Regional differences between BDNF mRNA levels and protein concentrations in the CNS are often reported ( 7 , 51 , 192 , 193 ), which may be related to regulatory mechanisms, mRNA decay ( 164 ), or BDNF anterograde transport ( 7 ). (hyperthermicwellness.com)
  • The coding exons of agouti are placed under the control of the Raly promoter, initiating ubiquitous expression of agouti, increasing production of pheomelanin over eumelanin and resulting in the development of a yellow phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along with the homologous Agouti-related peptide, these are the only known mammalian proteins to adopt this fold. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein signals the distribution of melanin pigments in epithelial melanocytes located at the base of hair follicles with expression being more sensitive on ventral hair than on dorsal hair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wnt Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
  • The insertion of a full-length Bos taurus LINE element is responsible for a transcriptional deregulation of the Normande Agouti gene. (omia.org)
  • Genetic Diversity and Allelic Frequency of Glutamate-Rich Protein (GLURP) in Plasmodium Falciparum Isolates from Sub-Saharan Africa. (rit.edu)
  • Genetic Polymorphism of Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein-1 and 2 and Diversity of Drug Resistance Genes in Blood Donors from Bamako, Mali. (rit.edu)
  • To meet the growing demand for safe animal protein, genetic improvement of livestock must be done sustainably while minimizing negative environmental impacts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of andrographolide in aberrantly activated Notch signaling in SW-480 cells in vitro. (notchgene.com)
  • Furthermore, andrografolida suppress Notch signaling by reducing the expression of NOTCH 1 and jagged one. (notchgene.com)
  • Increased Wnt and Notch signaling: a clue to the renal disease in Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia? (ouhsc.edu)
  • Research Links tab) leads to a complete block of agouti signaling permitting alpha-MSH-induced eumelanin production. (dana-farber.org)
  • Our findings indicate GH as a starvation signal that alerts the brain about energy deficiency, triggering key adaptive responses to conserve limited fuel stores. (nih.gov)
  • Barr1 is a widely expressed cytoplasmic protein that regulates cellular responses to extracellular stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • CHD8 is an independent prognostic indicator that regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and the cell cycle in gastric cancer. (ouhsc.edu)
  • This ectopic expression of the agouti gene is associated with the yellow obese syndrome, characterized by early onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia and tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We obtained copy number estimates of all protein-coding genes with copy number variation carried by individuals, and further confirmed two genes with high copy numbers in Meishan pigs through an enlarged population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr Nicholas Pugh focuses his research interests on the signalling mechanisms used by platelets during pathophysiological thrombus formation. (aru.ac.uk)
  • and protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. (notchgene.com)
  • Widespread expression of the bovine Agouti gene results from at least three alternative promoters. (omia.org)
  • The protein expression study revealed that T 3 administration in fish creates hypermetaolic state. (i-scholar.in)
  • DOCA-salt treatment caused subtype-specific changes in gene expression patterns associated with AT1R and G protein signaling, neurotransmitter uptake, synapse functions, and hormone secretion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the agouti gene may have evolved to permit humans the ability to survive famine, but its enhanced expression may also potentiate metabolic diseases under bountiful food conditions. (missouri.edu)
  • In other species such as horses, agouti signalling is responsible for determining which parts of the body will be red or black. (wikipedia.org)
  • catenin signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts. (uc.edu)
  • Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is caused by the insertion of a single intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon upstream to the start site of agouti transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • This deletion causes the genomic sequence of agouti to be lost, except the promoter and the first non-encoding exon of Raly, a ubiquitously expressed gene in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug-mediated activation of Gi signaling in fat tissue may prove beneficial for reducing elevated blood-glucose levels in type 2 diabetes," said Wess. (nih.gov)
  • In the first two papers, the researchers discovered two new roles that the signaling protein beta-arrestin-1 (barr1), plays in regulating important metabolic functions. (nih.gov)
  • Agouti is not directly secreted in the melanocyte as it works as a paracrine factor on dermal papillae cells to inhibit release of melanocortin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the third study, Wess's group demonstrated that the presence of Gi-type G proteins expressed by fat cells is essential for maintaining normal blood-glucose concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • A family of cell-surface proteins found on ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS. (jefferson.edu)
  • This interaction is responsible for making distinct light and dark bands in the hairs of animals such as the agouti, which the gene is named after. (wikipedia.org)
  • Agouti or Wolf Sable dogs have red hairs with black tips, mostly on their head and back. (embarkvet.com)
  • Complementary Wnt Sources Regulate Lymphatic Vascular Development via PROX1-Dependent Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling. (ouhsc.edu)
  • In the past, researchers suggested that the epigenetically regulated Agouti trait was the tip of the iceberg for DNA methylation-based epigenetic inheritance, he says. (the-scientist.com)
  • To better understand this protein and the role it plays in the body, Yale researchers first wanted to pinpoint where it is commonly located. (yale.edu)
  • Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. (ouhsc.edu)