Adaptor protein complex alpha subunits. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adaptin-binding acidic dileucine motifs and variants thereof occur almost exclusively on the cytosolic side of membrane proteins, mostly integral (transmembrane) proteins. (eu.org)
Pigment cell-specific transmembrane proteins SLC45A2 and OCA2 are a transporter and channel, respectively, that modulate melanosome pH at different stages of melanosome maturation and that are targets of mutation in different forms of oculocutaneous albinism. (chop.edu)
The plasma membrane can be envisioned as a central compartment in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions as it shapes the interactions between cells and their environment by harboring an elaborate complement of transmembrane proteins, e.g. transporters, channels, receptors, or adhesion proteins. (cell-stress.com)
FAs are structures composed of clustered transmembrane proteins called integrins that bind to the extracellular matrix and link to the actin cytoskeleton and control cell migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation (Gardel et al. (bio2009.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. (bioss.com.cn)
Non-canonical or alternative type I IFN signaling can activate additional pathways such as Crk-like protein (CrkL), the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [ 15 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
The integrin tails have no intrinsic kinase activity but rather serve as a site for the docking of various kinases and related adaptor proteins that comprise focal adhesions. (thno.org)
The key components of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway include the IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (ebiwinner.com)
Akt activation leads to the phosphorylation and inactivation of various downstream targets, including glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which regulates glycogen synthesis, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which controls protein synthesis and cell growth. (ebiwinner.com)
Podosomes are structurally divided into a core, which mainly contains proteins involved in actin polymerization (such as WASP, the Arp2/3 complex and cortactin ), and a surrounding ring populated by integrin receptors and adhesion proteins (for example, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Pyk2) ) [15] . (cellmigration.org)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
FAK can directly bind to the p85 subunit of PI-3-kinase, which leads to the activation and production of the signaling phospholipid PIP3, resulting in the activation of Akt. (bio2009.org)
In the UPR, the sensor proteins are the kinase PERK and the kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 work together to recognize and respond to unfolded proteins. (ucsb.edu)
The common regulatory step in both of these cascades is activation of an IκB kinase ( IKK ) complex consisting of catalytic kinase subunits (IKKα and/or IKKβ) and the regulatory non-enzymatic scaffold protein NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator also known as IKKγ). (abcam.com)

A family of large adaptin protein subunits of approximately 100 kDa in size. (lookformedical.com)
A family of large adaptin protein complex subunits of approximately 90-130 kDa in size. (lookformedical.com)
A family of medium adaptin protein subunits of approximately 45 KDa in size. (lookformedical.com)
Depending on organism, cell type as well as the nature of the adaptin complex bound, they can target either to cell surface or to specific, internal membrane-bound organelles (endosomes, lysosomes, melanosomes, synaptic vesicles, etc. (eu.org)
All these motifs are believed to bind to the sigma subunit of activated adaptin complexes (AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3). (eu.org)
They have a range of adaptin complexes they can associate with (AP-1, AP-2 and/or AP-3). (eu.org)
They serve to initiate clathrin-mediated endocytosis or protein sorting and can work synergistically with the adaptin mu subunit binding YxxPhi-type motifs ( TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 ). (eu.org)
Due to the similarity of the adaptin sigma subunits, variant dileucine motifs may have overlapping specificities, being capable of binding multiple adaptins. (eu.org)

Functions in nuclear protein import, either in association with an adapter protein, like an importin-alpha subunit, which binds to nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo substrates, or by acting as autonomous nuclear transport receptor. (nih.gov)
Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. (lu.se)
The adapter molecule fadd recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. (lu.se)
Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kd TNF receptor-human TNF complex: implications for TNF receptor activation. (lu.se)
This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. (bioss.com.cn)
Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. (bioss.com.cn)
The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. (bioss.com.cn)
Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (bioss.com.cn)
an adapter protein coupling the receptor to downstream signaling pathways. (bioss.com.cn)
However, the complement C5a receptor 2 may act as a decoy receptor for C5a, as it has no reported G protein signalling capacity. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
Upon binding of type I IFNs to IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, the proximal receptor complex is assembled and the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1 are activated by reciprocal transphosphorylation. (scientificarchives.com)
Type I IFN-activated JAK1/TYK2 also induces rapid phosphorylation and activation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and 2 (IRS2), which subsequently bind to the catalytic p85 subunit of PI3K, which is required for the activation of the regulatory p110 subunit of PI3K [ 20 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
The Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway regulates cell growth and survival by activating downstream signaling molecules that promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and stimulate protein synthesis. (ebiwinner.com)
Upon activation of the receptor, PI3K is recruited to the receptor complex and phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). (ebiwinner.com)
In conclusion, the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway is a complex and highly regulated pathway that plays a critical role in various biological processes. (ebiwinner.com)
Additionally, the lab has identified defects in innate immunity to bacterial infection from a mouse HPS2 model, partly explaining the recurrent bacterial infections observed in HPS2 patients, and is uncovering mechanisms by which the endosomal adaptor AP-3 influences toll-like receptor recruitment to phagosomes, inflammasome signaling from phagosomes, and autophagy activation in dendritic cells. (chop.edu)
The plasma membrane is not only the first point of encounter for many types of environmental stress, but given the diversity of receptor proteins and their associated molecules also represents the site at which many cellular signal cascades originate. (cell-stress.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Ligand binding to a receptor leads to the recruitment and activation of an IKK complex comprising IKK alpha and/or IKK beta catalytic subunits and two molecules of NEMO. (abcam.com)
In the canonical signaling pathway , binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor such as a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily leads to the recruitment of adaptors (such as TRAF) to the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor (Figure 1). (abcam.com)

The protein is thought to be involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Endocytosis and/or vesicular sorting signals for membrane proteins. (eu.org)
AP2 is chiefly involved in endocytosis of cell surface proteins and their trafficking to early or late endosomes. (eu.org)

mediator complex subunit 6 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)

anaphase promoting complex subu. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Studies have shown that all type I IFNs exclusively bind to and signal through ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric transmembrane (TM) receptors composed of two subunits-IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 [ 3 ], which are constitutively associated with tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1/STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2), respectively, under normal physiological conditions [ 4 , 5 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors found in nearly all metazoan cell types, composed of non-covalently linked α and β subunits. (thno.org)
events have receptors stimulated with students( GAGs), unregulated chains docking of a inactive actin, all of an been protein respiration cell a considerable subunits. (evakoch.com)

Estrogen Effects on Actin Cytoskeletal and Endocytic Proteins Associated With Tubulobulbar Complex Disruption in Rat Testes. (creativebiomart.net)
Clathrin also interacts with cytoskeletal proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)

This gene encodes a protein which interacts with clathrin and adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 subunit. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Interacts with hcv core protein. (lu.se)
At the adherens junction in epithelia, the C-terminal domain of E-cadherin interacts, in a mutually exclusive manner, with β-catenin or γ-catenin (plakoglobin), which then interacts with α-catenin, an actin-binding protein. (oncotarget.com)
The lab employs a variety of approaches to probe how BLOC-1 interacts with membranes and with other HPS-encoded protein complexes to better understand its mechanism of action. (chop.edu)
Moreover, FBP21 interacts directly with the U1 snRNP protein U1C, the core snRNP proteins SmB and SmB', and the branchpoint binding protein SF1/mBBP. (embl.de)

The protein is found in a brain-derived clathrin-coated vesicle fraction and localizes to the peri-Golgi region and the cell periphery. (utsouthwestern.edu)
The impaired function of specific organelles indicates that the causative genes encode protein complexes that regulate vesicle trafficking in the endolysosomal system including AP-3, BLOC-1, BLOC-2, and BLOC-3. (medscape.com)
HPS-2 is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the beta-3A subunit of the heterotetrameric AP3 complex ( AP3BA ), which assists in the vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network or late endosome. (medscape.com)

MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport. (lookformedical.com)
These cell surface proteins impinge on the vast majority of all cellular functions by mediating nutrient uptake, preserving ion homeostasis and initiating complex signaling cascades in response to extracellular cues. (cell-stress.com)

At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to importin-beta and the three components separate and importin-alpha and -beta are re-exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where GTP hydrolysis releases Ran from importin. (nih.gov)
EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. (bioss.com.cn)
This ISGF3 complex translocates to the nucleus, binds IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs) in DNA, and initiates the activation of several hundred interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) [ 8 , 9 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
This STAT5-CrkL complex translocates into the nucleus, binds to GAS elements, and induces growthinhibitory genes [ 17 , 18 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
WW domain-mediated interactions reveal a spliceosome-associated protein that binds a third class of proline-rich motif: the proline glycine and methionine-rich motif. (embl.de)

Interestingly, ID-associated genes exhibit promoter-localized MER41 LTRs that harbor TF binding sites (TFBSs) for not only STAT1 but also other immune TFs such as, in particular, NFKB1 (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1) and STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3). (biorxiv.org)
Of note, functionally-relevant differences between humans and chimpanzees are observed regarding the 3 main components of this pathway: i) the protein sequences of immunes TFs binding MER41 LTRs, ii) the insertion sites of MER41 LTRs in the promoter regions of ID-associated genes and iii) the protein sequences of the targeted ID-associated genes. (biorxiv.org)
Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. (oncotarget.com)
the team and its collaborators have shown that the products of HPS-associated genes in skin melanocytes regulate two pathways of membrane protein transport from endosomes to newly forming melanosomes and a retrograde pathway from melanosomes. (chop.edu)
HPS types 7, 8 and 9 are due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of BLOC-1, a complex required for the generation of tubular cargo carriers destined for melanosomes. (chop.edu)
HPS types 3, 5 and 6 are due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of BLOC-2, a complex that directs BLOC-1-dependent cargo carriers with melanosomes. (chop.edu)
The impaired function of specific organelles indicates that the causative genes encode proteins operative in the formation of lysosomes and vesicles. (medscape.com)
They both exert regulatory control by shutting down protein synthesis, turning on genes, and degrading transcripts. (ucsb.edu)

The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. (lookformedical.com)
Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Because the expression of the beta-3A subunit is normally ubiquitous, deficiency of the beta-3A subunit leads to a precise phenotype in cells with a large number of intracellular granules (eg, neutrophils, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, platelets, melanocytes). (medscape.com)

Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by abnormal alteration (mutations) in DNA sequences that leads to dyregulation of normal cellular processes thereby driving tumor growth. (intechopen.com)

AP2A2 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. (creativebiomart.net)
We selected proteins and molecules interacted with AP2A2 here. (creativebiomart.net)
A class of proteins involved in the transport of molecules via TRANSPORT VESICLES. (lookformedical.com)
Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported. (lookformedical.com)

cyclin B1 interacting protein 1. (gsea-msigdb.org)

therefore, p50 and p52 homodimers repress transcription unless they are bound to a protein containing a TAD, such as RelA, c-Rel or RelB or Bcl-3 (a related transcriptional co-activator). (abcam.com)
This enables the active NF-κB transcription factor subunits to translocate to the nucleus and induce target gene expression. (abcam.com)

A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane. (lookformedical.com)
Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)

AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. (bioss.com.cn)
Activated STAT1 and STAT2 monomers dimerize and interact with IRF9 (IFN-regulatory factor 9) in the cytoplasm, which is known as the ISGF3 (IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) factor 3) complex [ 1 , 7 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
HPS-2 is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the beta-3A subunit of the heterotetrameric AP3 complex (ADTB3A), which resides on chromosome 5. (medscape.com)
Comprehensive gene expression programs are subsequently initiated, allowing the cell to either resolve the protein folding stress or die trying. (ucsb.edu)
NF-κB activation leads to expression of the IκBα gene, which functions as a negative feedback loop to sequester NF-κB subunits, terminating signaling unless a persistent activation signal is present. (abcam.com)

COP9 signalosome subunit 4 [Source:HGN. (gsea-msigdb.org)

They preferentially bind and release hydrophobic peptides by an ATP-dependent process and are involved in post-translational PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION. (lookformedical.com)
Abstract ARAP2 is an Arf GAP that has previously been reported to affect focal adhesions (FAs) by regulating Arf6 and integrin trafficking and to bind to the adaptor proteins APPL1. (bio2009.org)

There are currently seven identified IκB family members: IκBα, IκBβ, Bcl-3, IκBε, IκBγ, and the precursor proteins p100 and p105, which are characterized by the presence of ankyrin repeats. (abcam.com)

A clathrin adaptor protein complex primarily involved in clathrin-related transport at the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK. (lookformedical.com)

Sigma subunits of AP complexes differ slightly in their surface charge densities and binding groove geometry, allowing for both generic and selective interactions with protein partners. (eu.org)

Plakoglobin (also known as γ-catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β-catenin. (oncotarget.com)

In addition, the UIM is found, often in tandem or triplet arrays, in a variety of proteins either involved in ubiquitination and ubiquitin metabolism, or known to interact with ubiquitin-like modifiers. (embl.de)
A large variety of proteins containing the WW domain are known. (embl.de)

and lysosomal proteins, such as the transporter MFSD12, that impact melanogenesis indirectly. (chop.edu)

The structural integrity of these tissues requires extensive cell-cell adhesion and interactions mediated by the adhesive junctional complexes consisting of the adherens junctions and desmosomes [ 2 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that form homotypic interactions with cadherin proteins on neighboring cells and interact intracellularly with proteins of the catenin family [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
In yeast, this bridging involves interactions between the WW domains in the splicing factor PRP40 and a proline-rich domain in the branchpoint binding protein, BBP. (embl.de)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

Specialized regions of the cell membrane composed of pits coated with a bristle covering made of the protein CLATHRIN. (lookformedical.com)
An adaptor protein complex primarily involved in the formation of clathrin-related endocytotic vesicles (ENDOSOMES) at the CELL MEMBRANE. (lookformedical.com)
Kidney is a highly complex organ and the pathogenesis underlying kidney organization involves complex cell-to-cell interaction within the heterogeneous kidney milieu. (bvsalud.org)
Advanced single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) could reveal the complex architecture and interaction with the microenvironment in early DKD. (bvsalud.org)
While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)

Type I IFN-induced activation of JAK/STAT pathways is a complex process and not well understood. (scientificarchives.com)

In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)

Docking of the importin/substrate complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated by KPNB1 through binding to nucleoporin FxFG repeats and the complex is subsequently translocated through the pore by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism. (nih.gov)
PAX3 and PAX7 binding protein 1. (gsea-msigdb.org)
dystrobrevin binding protein 1 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
fatty acid binding protein 4 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Eukaryotic PSD4/RPN-10/S5, a multi-ubiquitin binding subunit of the 26S proteasome. (embl.de)
Using a proline-rich domain derived from formin (a product of the murine limb deformity locus), we have identified a family of murine formin binding proteins (FBP's), each of which contains one or more of a special class of tyrosine-rich WW domains. (embl.de)

Activation of PERK elicits a transient global protein synthesis shutdown through the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). (ucsb.edu)
These adaptors in turn recruit the IKK complex, which leads to phosphorylation and degradation of the IκB inhibitor. (abcam.com)

The WW domain is a short conserved region in a number of unrelated proteins, which folds as a stable, triple stranded beta-sheet. (embl.de)

A constitutively expressed subfamily of the HSP70 heat-shock proteins. (lookformedical.com)
STAT5, which is constitutively associated with IFNAR1 and phosphorylated by TYK2 upon stimulation with type I IFN, forms a complex with CrkL [ 15 , 16 ]. (scientificarchives.com)

probably requires a cellular linker, for example a β-subunit. (jneurosci.org)

Anterograde IFT remains records from the normal amino along the water to the clear subunits in a polymerase that depends the adhesion was kinesin KIF3 palmitoylation tyrosine and the IFT-B degree branching, while major endoderm frequently to the first shape is on the ability flipped translation residue and the IFT-A site. (evakoch.com)
Although focal adhesions are similar, in terms of molecular composition, to nascent adhesions and focal complexes, several adhesion proteins appear to change as focal adhesions evolve in response to tension, e.g., zyxin and vinculin . (cellmigration.org)

Yeast VPS27 vacuolar sorting protein, which is required for membrane traffic to the vacuole. (embl.de)
In fungi and plants, dileucine motifs are often responsible for the vacuolar or tonoplast localization of proteins carrying these motifs. (eu.org)

The β-tail is the primary docking site in the formation of focal adhesions, but the alpha tail in some cases may also serve as a signaling scaffold for calcium dependent signaling events. (thno.org)

A family of proteins that play a role as cofactors in the process of CLATHRIN recycling in cells. (lookformedical.com)

subsequent specific chain bicarbonate( PPAR-alpha) regulates the odorant one-particle of spontaneous molecular enzyme in the transfer. (evakoch.com)

fascin actin-bundling protein 1 [Sourc. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Type I membrane protein and secreted. (lu.se)
small integral membrane protein. (gsea-msigdb.org)
The latter dileucine motifs were implicated in membrane protein sorting to vacuoles or tonoplasts. (eu.org)

Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing UIM domain. (embl.de)
The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with UIM domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing UIM domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing WW domain. (embl.de)
ARAP2 associates with adaptor protein with PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motifs 1 (APPL1) in endosomes (Chen et al. (bio2009.org)

CD8 subunit beta [Source:HGNC S. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Anatomy8

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

Transmembrane proteins4

Kinase10

Adaptin8

Receptor21

Endocytosis3

Mediator complex subunit1

Anaphase promoti1

Receptors3

Cytoskeletal3

Interacts5

Vesicle3

Plasma membrane1

Extracellular2

Binds5

Genes8

Intracellular3

Mutations1

Molecules4

Cyclin B1 interac1

Transcription2

Cytoplasmic2

Gene7

Source:HGN1

Bind2

Ankyrin1

Golgi1

Sigma1

Armadillo1

Variety of proteins2

Transporter1

Interactions4

Cell5

Pathways1

Regulate1

Binding6

Phosphorylation2

Folds1

Constitutively2

Linker1

Adhesion2

Vacuolar2

Focal adhesions1

Family1

Molecular1

Actin-bundlin1

Membrane protein3

Domain5

Beta1