- physiological
- The second major physiological stress, the HPA axis regulates the release of cortisol, which influences many bodily functions such as metabolic, psychological and immunological functions. (wikipedia.org)
- Just as human physiology and evolutionary physiology have worked to identify physical adaptations of the body that represent "human physiological nature," the purpose of evolutionary psychology is to identify evolved emotional and cognitive adaptations that represent "human psychological nature. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychologists say that natural selection has provided humans with many psychological adaptations, in much the same way that it generated humans' anatomical and physiological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- psychologists
- Evolutionary psychologists consider a number of factors in what determines a psychological adaptation, such as functionality, complexity, efficiency, and universality. (wikipedia.org)
- An area of disagreement arises between evolutionary psychologists, cognitive scientists and behaviourists on where to draw the line on what is considered a psychological adaptation, and what is considered a learned behaviour. (wikipedia.org)
- Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychologists argue that much of human behavior is the output of psychological adaptations that evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychologists hold that behaviors or traits that occur universally in all cultures are good candidates for evolutionary adaptations including the abilities to infer others' emotions, discern kin from non-kin, identify and prefer healthier mates, and cooperate with others. (wikipedia.org)
- While philosophers have generally considered the human mind to include broad faculties, such as reason and lust, evolutionary psychologists describe evolved psychological mechanisms as narrowly focused to deal with specific issues, such as catching cheaters or choosing mates. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychologists say that animals, just as they evolve physical adaptations, evolve psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that natural selection mostly generates specialized adaptations, which are more efficient than general adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- psychology
- The principles of psychological adaptation rely on Darwin's theory of evolution and are important to the fields of evolutionary psychology, biology, and cognitive science. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human psychology consists primarily of psychological adaptations, which is opposed by the tabula rasa or blank slate model of human psychology. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychology is an approach that views human nature as the product of a universal set of evolved psychological adaptations to recurring problems in the ancestral environment. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychology has traditionally focused on individual-level behaviors, determined by species-typical psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychological accounts of culture, especially cultural epidemiology, may seem at odds with other disciplines in psychology and anthropology, especially research in cultural evolution (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
- 2004). While evolutionary psychology has focused on how behavior may result from species-typical psychological programs which led to greater fitness in ancestral environments, this work has been criticized for neglecting how behavior may be shaped by culturally transmitted information. (wikipedia.org)
- Psychology has been described as a "hub science", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, humanities, and philosophy. (wikipedia.org)
- The book also includes empirical research papers meant to introduce topics of interest in evolutionary psychology, such as mating, social and developmental psychology, and perceptual adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- Sociobiological theories of rape explore how evolutionary adaptation influences the psychology of rapists. (wikipedia.org)
- Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the annual international scientific and practical conferences, including "Modern problems of human sciences and practice: philosophical, psychological and social dimensions", "Current issues of social and applied psychology in the coordinates of contemporary paradigms" and the All-Ukrainian scientific workshop "Theory and Practice of counselling: contemporary dimension. (wikipedia.org)
- Theoretical approaches and basic methods of addictive behavior psychotherapy: social and psychological aspect" (Luhansk, 2008), "Psychology of social readaptationof mature aged individuals" (Luhansk, 2009), "Psychology of socialization in the context of social exclusion" (Luhansk, 2011), "Socio-cultural and psychological aspects of adaptation of the individual in modern society " (Lugansk, 2012). (wikipedia.org)
- Ukrainian) "Psychology of adults' social adaptation with disorders of vision. (wikipedia.org)
- The theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology are the general and specific scientific theories that explain the ultimate origins of psychological traits in terms of evolution. (wikipedia.org)
- Evolutionary psychology primarily uses the theories of natural selection, sexual selection, and inclusive fitness to explain the evolution of psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- traits
- Psychological adaptations include only the functional traits that increase the fitness of an organism, while EPMs refer to any psychological mechanism that developed through the processes of evolution. (wikipedia.org)
- It can be difficult to tell whether a trait is vestigial or not, so some literature is more lenient and refers to vestigial traits as adaptations, even though they may no longer have adaptive functionality. (wikipedia.org)
- His theory dictates that adaptations are traits that arise from the selective pressures a species faces in its environment. (wikipedia.org)
- Psychological adaptions are those adaptive traits that we consider cognitive or behavioral. (wikipedia.org)
- It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations - that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution. (wikipedia.org)
- Rather than a passive receptacle of cultural material, Boyd and Richerson (1985, 2005) suggest that our minds consist of psychological mechanisms which direct our attention to and imitate cultural traits depending on the frequency of that trait, the content of it, who carries it, etc. (wikipedia.org)
- Steven Pinker
- On the other hand, Steven Pinker presents the cognitivist perspective in his book, The Blank Slate, in which he challenges the tabula rasa models and argues that human behaviour is shaped by psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- According to Steven Pinker, it is "not a single theory but a large set of hypotheses" and a term that "has also come to refer to a particular way of applying evolutionary theory to the mind, with an emphasis on adaptation, gene-level selection, and modularity. (wikipedia.org)
- Tooby and Cosmides
- Tooby and Cosmides (1989) argued that the mind consists of many domain-specific psychological adaptations, some of which may constrain what cultural material is learned or taught. (wikipedia.org)
- In its place Tooby and Cosmides propose a distinction between "open" and "closed" developmental programs, which refers to the extent to which our various psychological mechanisms can vary in their manifest form depending on the input they receive during development. (wikipedia.org)
- Tooby and Cosmides also critique 'domain-general psychological mechanisms': the psychological faculties which according to the SSSM comprise the human mind. (wikipedia.org)
- Stress
- Selye demonstrated that stress decreases adaptability of an organism and proposed to describe the adaptability as a special resource, adaptation energy. (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic stress and a lack of coping resources available or used by an individual can often lead to the development of psychological issues such as delusions, depression and anxiety (see below for further information). (wikipedia.org)
- mechanisms
- Psychological adaptations fall under the scope of evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs), however, EPMs refer to a less restricted set. (wikipedia.org)
- The discipline views the human brain as comprising many functional mechanisms,[citation needed] called psychological adaptations or evolved cognitive mechanisms or cognitive modules, designed by the process of natural selection. (wikipedia.org)
- They begin with the statement that natural selection is necessarily responsible for complex biological adaptations, including that extremely complex class of biological phenomena that are human psychological mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
- Some psychological mechanisms (e.g. our visual faculties) will normally assume the same manifest form regardless of the environments they encounter during development (closed developmental programs), while others (e.g. our language faculties) will vary in their manifest form in accordance to the environmental input they receive during development (open developmental mechanisms). (wikipedia.org)
- innate
- His analysis reflects his view that language and many other aspects of human nature are innate evolutionary-psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- adaptive
- Adaptations must benefit either an organism's chance of survival or reproduction to be considered adaptive, and are then passed down to the next generation through this process of natural selection. (wikipedia.org)
- Guided variation and biased transmission - Adaptive biases in dual inheritance theory Psychological adaptation Curse of knowledge Haselton, M.G. (wikipedia.org)
- humans
- Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James (1842-1910) argued that humans have more instincts than animals, and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts, not fewer. (wikipedia.org)
- behavioral
- A psychological adaptation is a functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an organism in its environment. (wikipedia.org)
- Such theories are highly controversial, as traditional theories typically do not consider rape to be a behavioral adaptation. (wikipedia.org)
- The idea that rape evolved under some circumstances as a genetically advantageous behavioral adaptation was popularized by biologist Randy Thornhill and anthropologist Craig T. Palmer in their 2000 book A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion. (wikipedia.org)
- Preschool
- Ukrainian) "Adaptation disorders in preschool children: diagnosis and correction. (wikipedia.org)
- refers
- A hybrid resolution to psychological adaptations and learned behaviours refers to an adaptation as the species' capacity for a certain behavior, while each individual organism still needs to be conditioned to exhibit that behaviour. (wikipedia.org)
- Terms
- Areas of scientific research include field of personality's social-psychological adaptation and readaptation in terms of transformational changes in contemporary society. (wikipedia.org)
- principles
- Ukrainian ) "Psychological and pedagogical principles of designpersonality's educational space: monograph,, T.V. Tkach, Y.M. Shwalb, N.Y. Zavatskaya, etc.Melitopol: Publishing House KPU, 2012.408 p. (wikipedia.org)
- factors
- Interactions between clinical and psychological factors during the adaptation period following liver transplantation. (umn.edu)
- Home / Test Division / Reference Database / 1990 to 1999 / 1999 / Interactions between clinical and psychological factors during the adaptation period. (umn.edu)
- Ukrainian) "Socio-psychological factors of psychosomatic disorders in college students. (wikipedia.org)
- human
- This difference in theory can be seen in research on modern human sexual preferences, with behaviourists arguing that attraction has conditioning influences, such as from the media or cultural norms, while others arguing it is based on psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. (wikipedia.org)
- However, he encourages such evidence to be obtained: "Whether human males possess psychological adaptations for rape will only be answered by careful studies seeking evidence for such cognitive specializations. (wikipedia.org)
- More recently, she and her colleagues at the Aga Khan University Institute for Human Development in Nairobi, Kenya and the Alliance for Human Development have focused on the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of approaches to improve development. (wikipedia.org)
- philosophical
- In China, psychological understanding grew from the philosophical works of Laozi and Confucius, and later from the doctrines of Buddhism. (wikipedia.org)
- physical
- Stressful events, such as job changes, may result in insomnia, impaired sleeping, and physical and psychological health complaints. (wikipedia.org)
- environment
- His model supports that the capacity for language is a psychological adaptation (involving both the language necessary brain structures and disposition for language acquisition), however, children lack any particular instantiation of language at birth, and must instead learn one in the their environment. (wikipedia.org)
- As with adaptations in general, psychological adaptations are said to be specialized for the environment in which an organism evolved, the environment of evolutionary adaptedness, or EEA. (wikipedia.org)
- different
- The mating strategies of both sexes can be simplified into different psychological adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- processes
- Ukrainian) "Integrative processes of teambuilding groups: socio-psychological and ethnic aspects:" V.I. Bochelyuk, N.Y. Zavatskaya, A.A. Samoilov, Ed. N.Y. Zavatskaya.Luhansk, Alchevsk: Center for Career Planning, 2013. (wikipedia.org)
- fall
- The SSSM has retained and reified the nature/nurture dichotomy, and its practitioners have meticulously amassed evidence over the years which 'proves' that the overwhelming majority of psychological phenomena fall in the 'nurture' category. (wikipedia.org)
- known
- The advantages created by natural selection are known as adaptations. (wikipedia.org)
- knowledge
- Ukrainian) "Management process and formation of organizational culture in higher school: socio-psychological aspect: N.Y. Zavatskaya, O.A. Mitichkina, Ed. N.Y. Zavatskaya.Luhansk: Publishing House "Knowledge", 2013 .192 p. (wikipedia.org)
- Works
- In recent works, it is considered as an internal coordinate on the "dominant path" in the model of adaptation. (wikipedia.org)
- culture
- Image and social adaptation of personality" and "Personality's psychological culture in a globalizing world. (wikipedia.org)
- evidence
- There is extensive evidence that incest avoidance, which is the tendency to avoid sexual intercourse with close relatives is an evolved behavioural adaptation. (wikipedia.org)
- sexual
- Sexual selection provides organisms with adaptations related to mating. (wikipedia.org)
- For male mammals, which have a relatively fast reproduction rate, sexual selection leads to adaptations that help them compete for females. (wikipedia.org)
- aspects
- Ukrainian) "Sociocultural and psychological aspects of adaptation of the individual in modern society : monograph, Ed. N.Y. Zavatskaya. (wikipedia.org)
- Ukrainian) "Socialpsychological aspects of youth adaptation to the market economy: N.Y. Zavatskaya, V.Y. Kharchenko, Ed. N.Y. Zavatskaya.Luhansk: East Ukrainian National University named after V. Dahl, 2012.228 p. (wikipedia.org)
- University
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand. (biomedsearch.com)
- Family
- Military family adaptation to United Nations Operations in Somalia. (biomedsearch.com)
- This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. (wikipedia.org)
- Social Support
- According to the Conservation of Resources theory (COR), people strive to obtain, retain and protect their personal resources, either instrumental (e.g., money or shelter), social (e.g., social support or status) or psychological (e.g., self-esteem or sense of autonomy). (wikipedia.org)