Active transport cell nucleus. Medical search. Frequent questions

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of 60-100 proteins. (thermofisher.com)
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has long been viewed as a point-like entry and exit channel between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (elsevierpure.com)
Also, the cytoplasm of prokaryotes contains no organelles, which eukaryotic cells boast in abundance. (sciencing.com)
This also allows for exquisite control of the immediate cellular environment, which can be distinct from the cytoplasm of the cell at large. (sciencing.com)
In the cytoplasm of a red blood cell, there is a red pigment called haemoglobin. (co.zw)
A root hair cell has a large vacuole with lots of mitochondria in the cytoplasm. (co.zw)
The presence of mitochondria in large number in the cytoplasm of the root hair cell helps for more absorption of mineral salts by active transport (Remember, active transport will only occur in the presence of energy provided by the mitochondria). (co.zw)
Since these lignified cell walls prevent free passage of water and nutrients, the cytoplasm dies. (co.zw)

Through mechanisms that remain poorly defined, defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport and accumulations of specific nuclear-pore-complex-associated proteins have been reported in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including C9orf72 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS/FTD). (nih.gov)
CN dephosphorylates human and yeast NPC proteins and promotes accumulation of a nuclear transport reporter, suggesting conserved NPC regulation by CN. (nih.gov)
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins - and in some cases viruses - by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). (wikipedia.org)
Larger molecules such as proteins and messenger RNA complexes need to be actively transported to reach their destination. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with imbedded proteins. (scienceaid.co.uk)
Proteins involved in the process of transporting molecules in and out the cell nucleus. (nih.gov)
and proteins that play a direct role in the transport of karyopherin complexes through the nuclear pore complex. (nih.gov)
These massive assemblies comprise an eightfold symmetric scaffold of architectural proteins and central-channel phenylalanine-glycine-repeat proteins forming the transport barrier. (johnshopkins.edu)
Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)

Using fluorescent or EM visible dyes to tag specific molecules in living cells, it is possible to follow the internalization of cargo molecules and the evolution of a clathrin-coated pit by fluorescence microscopy and immuno electron microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
This transport process is highly complex: In a single human cell, there can be up to 5,000 nuclear pore complexes and each can transport 1,000 molecules per second. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
This means that in one cell, up to 5 million molecules are transported into and out of the nucleus every second. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
Timely transport of signaling molecules is crucial for the adaptation of cells to fast changes in temperature and humidity. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion while larger molecules are transported by an active process. (thermofisher.com)
instead, it is dynamic, with highly selective channels that carefully regulate the entry and exit of molecules to and from the cell. (sciencing.com)

During cell reproduction and division, the cleavage of the nucleus itself into two daughter nuclei is called cytokinesis. (sciencing.com)
The cell cycle is the life of a cell: interphase (rest, replication and growth), mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and cytokinesis (splitting). (scienceaid.co.uk)

It is believed that TGF-β1 signalling is involved in controlling epithelial cell proliferation, to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it plays a major role in lung fibrosis and emphysema. (springer.com)
Cell cycle regulators play critical roles in the balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dormancy and proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell proliferation and FcÎµRI expression was examined in MC-9 and MC-9/NFT cells. (bvsalud.org)
The effect of mast cell-conditioned media (CM) on the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells was examined. (bvsalud.org)
Levels of FcÎµRI expression and cell proliferation were not different in parental MC-9 cell and MC-9/ NFT cells. (bvsalud.org)
The CM of MC-9/NFT cells increased cancer cell proliferation relative to that of the SFM. (bvsalud.org)

Upon phosphorylation, R-SMADs recruit the co-SMAD SMAD-4 to form protein complexes that translocate into the nucleus and exhibit transcriptional activity. (springer.com)
Additionally it has been proposed that the directed transport of active signaling complexes to the nucleus might be required to enable signaling, due to the fact that random diffusion is too slow, and mechanisms permanently downregulating incoming signals are strong enough to shut down signaling completely without additional signal-transducing mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Higher organisms such as plants and animals are complexes of eukaryotic cells. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. (johnshopkins.edu)
A novel protein call AnkA in A. phagocytophilum is translocated from the bacterium within a host vacuole into the host nucleus, where it forms complexes with heterochromatin and is largely responsible for many host transcriptional changes by directly binding to regulatory regions of the DNA. (cdc.gov)

This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is strictly mediated by receptors on the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Although receptors and their ligands can be brought into the cell through a few mechanisms (e.g. caveolin and lipid raft), clathrin-mediated endocytosis remains the best studied. (wikipedia.org)
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of many receptor types begins with the ligands binding to receptors on the cell plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
To achieve internalisation of nanoparticles into cells, such as T cells, antibodies can be used to target the nanoparticles to specific receptors on the cell surface (such as CCR5). (wikipedia.org)
Jafarinia, H , Van der Giessen, E & Onck, PR 2022, ' Molecular basis of C9orf72 poly-PR interference with the β-karyopherin family of nuclear transport receptors ', Scientific Reports , vol. 12, nr. 1, 21324. (rug.nl)
An increased osmolality draws water from cells into the blood, thus dehydrating specific neurons in the brain that serve as osmoreceptors or "tonicity receptors. (medscape.com)
To evaluate whether differences in transduction efficiency are due to cell recognition and/or nuclear transport, MHC-I receptors were measured by FACS analysis and SV40-DNA was extracted from the nuclei of transduced cells and quantified. (huji.ac.il)
The iodine hormone exerts its action on receptors on the nucleus in cells. (cdc.gov)

It is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains holes, the nuclear pores, through which traffic into and out of the nucleus takes place. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
AVP binds to the V2 receptor located on the basolateral membrane of the principal cells of the renal collection ducts. (medscape.com)
The cell membrane , also called the plasma membrane, forms the outer boundary of animal cells. (sciencing.com)
Plant cells have cell walls directly outside the cell membrane for added protection and firmness. (sciencing.com)
The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer, or lipid bilayer. (sciencing.com)
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, a double later analogous to the cell membrane. (sciencing.com)
All living cells have a cell membrane. (helpteaching.com)
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. (helpteaching.com)
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. (helpteaching.com)
Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles. (helpteaching.com)
The addition of a cloned and purified recombinant PLD to HeLa cells resulted in substantial remodeling of the host membrane architecture, as measured by lipid raft formation. (cdc.gov)
Both PLD and ALN are membrane-active toxins and contribute to the adhesion and invasion of A. hemolyticum to host cells. (cdc.gov)

Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) is affected in several neurodegenerative diseases including C9orf72-ALS. (rug.nl)
To gain insight into how this can affect nucleocytoplasmic transport, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study the molecular interaction of poly-PR, the most toxic DPR, with several Kapβs (importins and exportins). (rug.nl)
The SR-protein splicing factor SRSF1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, a splicing isoform of which called SRSF1-3, has previously been shown to contribute to IgV diversification in chicken DT40 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Co-operation with the RanGTPase system allows them to bind and subsequently release their substrates on opposite sides of the nuclear envelope, which in turn ensures a directed nucleocytoplasmic transport. (uni-luebeck.de)

Only the receptor-specific substances can enter the cell through this process. (wikipedia.org)
It is widely used for the specific uptake of certain substances required by the cell (examples include LDL via the LDL receptor or iron via transferrin). (wikipedia.org)
The activated receptor becomes internalised and is transported to late endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
However, receptor-mediated endocytosis is also actively implicated in transducing signals from the cell periphery to the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
If the target cell has a known specific pinocytotic receptor, drugs can be attached and will be internalized. (wikipedia.org)
Unexpectedly, Imp13 also shows export activity towards the translation initiation factor eIF1A and is thus a case where a single importin β-like receptor transports different substrates in opposite directions. (uni-luebeck.de)
The level of MHC-I, the cellular receptor for SV40, was comparable in all the cell-lines studied. (huji.ac.il)
It is metabolized so one iodine atom is removed to produce T3 - about 10 times as active as T4 in binding to a receptor that exerts the action as receptor to the thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
It regulates the receptor for cholesterol, takes it out of the blood stream and puts it into the cells. (cdc.gov)

The eukaryotic cell consists of many different organelles, including the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body. (scienceaid.co.uk)

Transient transfection of HuH-7 cells with the HBV genome also increased transduction efficiency. (huji.ac.il)

This occurs in a number of ways, including diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport. (sciencing.com)
Function of root hair cell: To absorb water and mineral salts by osmosis and active transport respectively. (co.zw)

Eukaryotic Cell , 1 (5), 663-672. (uni-luebeck.de)

Which statement concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is NOT correct? (helpteaching.com)
DNA is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (helpteaching.com)

Now, unlike any typical plant cells, root hair cells have no chloroplasts. (co.zw)

New data support a different view whereby the complex displays distinct spatial dynamics of variable duration ranging from milliseconds to events spanning the entire cell cycle. (elsevierpure.com)
In this study, we report that cell cycle entry proceeded normally in HSCs null for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p57 due to compensatory upregulation of p27. (elsevierpure.com)
We found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) interacts with both p57 and p27 and that the subcellular localization of Hsc70 was critical to maintain HSC cell cycle kinetics. (elsevierpure.com)
The dried-out spores would reside there until some of them can be transported back up to the temperate, habitable cloud layers, where they would act as CCN to promote cloud formation, becoming enveloped in cloud droplets to continue the life cycle. (phys.org)
In what stage of the cell cycle is the cell preparing to begin DNA replication? (helpteaching.com)

Collectively, our data suggest that the expression of expanded C9orf72 ALS/FTD repeat RNA alone affects nuclear POM121 expression in the initiation of a pathological cascade affecting nucleoporin levels within neuronal nuclei and ultimately downstream neuronal survival. (nih.gov)
The development of hyperosmolality from the water loss can lead to neuronal cell shrinkage and resultant brain injury. (medscape.com)

Discrete interaction sites outside the central channel become apparent, and transport regulation at these sites seems to be of greater importance than currently thought. (elsevierpure.com)
Three areas of physiological engagement of sPLA 2 -BPs have appeared most clearly: cellular transport and signalling, and regulation of the enzymatic activity of sPLA 2 s. (ijbs.com)

The prohormone is processed and transported down the axon, which terminates in the posterior pituitary gland. (medscape.com)

Molecular Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Current Opinion in Cell Biology , 24 (1), 100-106. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell Biology looks at cell's structure, function and chemistry. (scienceaid.co.uk)
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. (elsevierpure.com)
Journal of Cell Biology. (elsevierpure.com)

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.004. (wikipedia.org)

Establishing and maintaining the air-liquid interface needs balanced ion and water transport as well as an appropriate paracellular barrier that ensures diffusion of solvent and solute between airway surface and interstitium while preventing uncontrolled leakage. (springer.com)
It has biconcave shape for increasing its surface area thus diffusion of oxygen in and out of the red blood cell becomes easy. (co.zw)

Using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy, we have explored the mechanism by which nucleoporins are altered in nuclei isolated from C9orf72 induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neurons (iPSNs). (nih.gov)
AVP is synthesized in specialized magnocellular neurons whose cell bodies are located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)

Cell specialisation (or modification or differentiation) is actually a process that occurs after cell division where the newly formed cells are structurally modified so that they can perform their function efficiently and effectively. (co.zw)

PURPOSE: Owing to the close relationship between mast cells and cancer progression, an imaging technique that can be applied in a clinical setting to explore the biological behavior of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment is needed. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we visualized mast cell migration to lung tumor lesions in live mice using sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a nuclear medicine reporter gene. (bvsalud.org)
After intravenous injection of MC-9/NFT cells into mice with an LLC tumor, I-124 PET/CT and biodistribution analysis was performed. (bvsalud.org)
PET/CT imaging with I-124 clearly showed infiltration of reporter mast cells in lung tumor at 24 h after transfer, which was consistent with the findings of the biodistribution examination. (bvsalud.org)
Visualizing mast cells in the tumor microenvironment via a nuclear medicine reporter gene would provide valuable insights into their biological functions. (bvsalud.org)

This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. (springer.com)
Taken together, this comprises a new paradigm in how we view import/export dynamics and emphasizes the multiscale nature of NPC-mediated cellular transport. (elsevierpure.com)
Vesicular nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is becoming recognized as a general cellular mechanism for translocation of large cargoes across the nuclear envelope. (princeton.edu)

It regulates the serum cholesterol level by influencing the level of cholesterol uptake into cells. (cdc.gov)

While the LAP peptides confer latency, LTBP is needed to release active TGF-β1 ligand from the L-TGF-β1 complex upon appropriate stimuli [ 4 ]. (springer.com)

A muscle cell is generally elongated and elastic containing mitochondria in large number. (co.zw)

Methods: A SV40-vector carrying the luciferase gene, and wild-type SV40, were used to assess transduction efficiency of human HBV-positive and HBV-negative hepatic cells. (huji.ac.il)
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the sodium iodide symporter can serve as a reliable nuclear medicine reporter gene for non-invasively imaging the biological activity of mast cells in mice with lung tumors. (bvsalud.org)

For a long time it was believed that the function of the cell nucleus is merely DNA storage and that the nuclear envelope is just a hull to contain the genetic material. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
Overall, our results suggest that poly-PR might cause length-dependent defects in cargo loading, cargo release, Kapβ transport and Ran gradient across the nuclear envelope. (rug.nl)

In vitro studies demonstrated that MossCellTec No.1 improves expression of cell nucleus health markers in aged cells and helps skin adapt to climatic changes. (cosmeticsdesign.com)

SV40-based vectors can transduce human hepatic and hematopoietic cells. (huji.ac.il)
We studied the effect of HBV on the transduction - efficiency of human hepatic cells by SV40 - based vectors. (huji.ac.il)

TGF-β1 activated accumulation of phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2-C) at centrioles of motile cilia and at cell nuclei. (springer.com)

That is, the reason why the parts of an animal cell, as well as the cell as whole, are structured the way they are is very closely related to the jobs these parts - called "organelles" - are tasked with carrying out. (sciencing.com)
Endosymbiosis is a theory that explains the origins of organelles in eukarotic cells. (scienceaid.co.uk)

Anatomy56

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Cytoplasm8

Proteins9

Molecules6

Cytokinesis2

Proliferation6

Complexes5

Receptors8

Membrane12

Nucleocytoplasmic4

Receptor9

Endoplasmic1

Genome1

Osmosis2

Eukaryotic Cell1

Prokaryotic2

Chloroplasts1

Cycle5

Neuronal2

Regulation2

Axon1

Biology5

10.10161

Diffusion2

Neurons2

Differentiation1

Tumor5

Cellular3

Regulates1

Ligand1

Mitochondria1

Gene2

Nuclear envelope2

Studies demonstrated1

Hepatic2

Accumulation1

Organelles2