Acetylcarnitine is broken down in the blood by plasma esterases to carnitine which is used by the body to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
Acetylcarnitine is the most abundant naturally occurring derivative and is formed in the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine ⇌ CoA + acetylcarnitine where the acetyl group displaces the hydrogen atom in the central hydroxyl group of carnitine. (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Carnitine acetyltransferase catalyzes the reversible conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) into acetylcarnitine. (ox.ac.uk)
In a study that followed 37 healthy, nonsmoking mothers who were not taking carnitine as a supplement, carnitine and acetylcarnitine in breastmilk were measured over time. (drugs.com)
Immediately postpartum, the average milk carnitine concentration was 12.6 mg/L and acetylcarnitine was 5.7 mg/L. From 2 months postpartum to 12 months postpartum, carnitine and acetylcarnitine milk concentrations were lower, in the range of 6.1 to 8.9 mg/L for carnitine and 1.2 to 2 mg/L for acetylcarnitine. (drugs.com)
About one-third to one-half of the carnitine was free carnitine and the remainder was acetylcarnitine. (drugs.com)
Carnitine and acetylcarnitine were measured in the breastmilk of 14 lactating women who were 1 to 10 months postpartum and not taking carnitine as a supplement. (drugs.com)
Substrate2
The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. (ox.ac.uk)
Cycling of acetyl-CoA through acetylcarnitine appears key to matching instantaneous acetyl-CoA supply with metabolic demand, thereby helping to balance myocardial substrate supply and contractile function. (ox.ac.uk)
Concentration1
Acetylcarnitine, a naturally occurring compound found in high concentration in heart and skeletal muscle of vertebrates, bears structural resemblance to acetylcholine, and studies have shown that it has slight cholinergic properties. (nebraska.edu)
Elderly2
Mitochondria in the elderly: Is acetylcarnitine a rejuvenator? (aksci.com)
NFH ACETYLCARNITINE SAP: Helps to support cognitive function in the elderly. (yourgoodhealth.com)
Higher2
These studies partially explain the low cholinergic activity found for acetylcarnitine and the higher activity of (S)‐acetylcarnitine compared to the R‐isomer. (nebraska.edu)
The bioavailability of levocarnitine is less than 20%, but acetylcarnitine and propionlycarnitine may be higher. (drugs.com)
Acetyl4
Acetylcarnitine is the most abundant naturally occurring derivative and is formed in the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine ⇌ CoA + acetylcarnitine where the acetyl group displaces the hydrogen atom in the central hydroxyl group of carnitine. (wikipedia.org)
The increased rate of acetylcarnitine production following feeding is consistent with its reported role as a store of acetyl moieties should they be abundant in a post-prandial state, into which ketone oxidation is directed. (bmj.com)
Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. (smpdb.ca)
This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. (smpdb.ca)