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ATP Synthetase ComplexesAmino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesArginine-tRNA LigaseMultienzyme ComplexesDicyclohexylcarbodiimideLysine-tRNA LigasePhosphotransferasesAspartate-tRNA LigaseMethionine-tRNA LigaseAdenosine DiphosphateMercuribenzoatesAdenosine TriphosphatasesFatty Acid SynthasesGlutamate-tRNA LigaseMalonatesRNA, Transfer, GluRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylKineticsGlutamate-Ammonia Ligase2',5'-Oligoadenylate SynthetaseMolecular WeightAdenosine TriphosphateMacromolecular SubstancesEscherichia coliReticulocytesChromatography, GelMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceDetergentsLiverPeptide SynthasesProtein ConformationCoenzyme A LigasesElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelLigasesTryptophan-tRNA LigaseCarbon-Nitrogen Ligases
EnzymePhenylalanyl-tRNA synthetaseSubunitAminoacyl-tRNA synthAdenosine triphosphateClass I aminoacyl-tRNA syntheMoleculeAlanyl-trna synthetaseSynthesisProteinCitrateTRNA synthetasesCatalyticSubstrateEnzymesProteinsColiNADHCrystal StructureReactionBiosynthesisPhosphateMutationsOxidative phosphorylationAllostericCell'sAerobic respirationCatalysisPathwayElectron transportAdenylateMagnesiumInhibitorMoleculesDomainMutantResiduesReductase
Enzyme17
  • How is the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex different from other enzymes? (assignmentexpert.com)
  • This hydrolysis reaction is catalyzed by ATP hydrolase enzyme. (firebaseapp.com)
  • The structures of ATP and citrate complexes provide a mechanistic rationale for stereospecific formation of an enzyme-bound (3R)-citryladenylate, which reacts with L-serine to form a likely achromobactin precursor. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Amino acyl tRNA Synthetase: This enzyme carries out two functions. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant antioxidant tripeptide molecule synthesized from cysteine, glutamate, and glycine by the ATP-dependent enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase synthetase (GCL), which is composed of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and GSH synthetase (GSS) [see, NPL 8]. (justia.com)
  • The re-entry of the protons occurs through the enzyme ATP synthetase. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • Complex II of the chain is the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme complex. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • The essential enzyme phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) is an antibacterial drug target because of the large differences between bacterial and human PheRS counterparts. (tbdrugaccelerator.org)
  • The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzyme is complex, yielding apparent K M values ranging from less than 0.4 μM to more than 1 mM for ATP in the various kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have demonstrated the mechanism by which the enzyme activities of Group 2 kinases, shikimate kinase (SK) and adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), are controlled by the C8-H of ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The relationship between the role C8-H of ATP in the reaction mechanism and the ATP concentration as they influence the saturation kinetics of the enzyme activity is also shown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also demonstrated is the interplay between the role of the C8-H of ATP and the ATP concentration in the observed enzyme activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lability of the C8-H mediated by active site residues co-ordinated to the purine ring of ATP therefore plays a significant role in explaining the broad K M range associated with kinase steady state enzyme activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthetase. (encyclopedia.com)
  • This creates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP by an enzyme called ATP synthase. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • lux E makes the proteins needed for the enzyme acyl-protein synthetase. (igem.org)
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase1
  • Rediscovery of PF-3845 as a new chemical scaffold inhibiting phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (tbdrugaccelerator.org)
Subunit4
  • The protein is a homodimer, but in some archaea it is a heterodimer composed of a glutamine amidotransferase subunit and a ATP pyrophosphatase subunit. (embl.de)
  • The human ATP synthase beta subunit gene: sequence analysis, chromosome assignment, and differential expression. (joplink.net)
  • ATP synthase, alpha subunit, C-terminal [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • other proteins of the nitrogen metabolism, such as glutamine synthetase, or proteins unrelated to ammonium assimilation, such as enolase and ATP synthase subunit F1b, are stable under these conditions. (uni-konstanz.de)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synth2
  • Therefore, for translation, more than one type of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is required to be present. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, class II (D/K/N) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Adenosine triphosphate6
Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthe1
  • In reactions catalysed by the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the aminoacyl group is coupled to the 2'-hydroxyl of the tRNA, while, in class II reactions, the 3'-hydroxyl site is preferred. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Molecule9
  • Cells use a special molecule for energy called ATP. (firebaseapp.com)
  • The three phosphate groups of the ATP molecule are the repository of the energy. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • The two hydrogenatoms removed from the pyruvate molecule yield NADH, which subsequently gives up its electrons to the electron transport chain to form ATP and water. (encyclopedia.com)
  • ATP is a molecule that stores and transfers energy for various cellular functions. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Aerobic respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while anaerobic respiration can produce only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • One molecule of glucose is oxidized to 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water, and 32 molecules of ATP. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • It involves breaking down a glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of ATP. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • In the cytosol, a saturated, straight-chain fatty acid molecule with no double bonds is activated by the action of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase to form its corresponding acyl-CoA. (medscape.com)
  • For the evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the model in structure‑based drug design strategies, the crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase was used, complexed with a single‑stranded RNA, a key molecule for the establishment of interactions with a future inhibitor of the SPONV helicase. (spandidos-publications.com)
Alanyl-trna synthetase3
  • The human alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) belongs to a family of tRNA synthases, of the class II enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • A humanized yeast model reveals dominant-negative properties of neuropathy-associated alanyl-tRNA synthetase mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene mutation in a family with intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. (nih.gov)
Synthesis6
  • During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F1 is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. (joplink.net)
  • Protein synthesis is a complex and highly regulated process that is essential for the proper functioning of cells and organisms. (vumc.org)
  • Protein synthesis is a complex process that necessitates the coordinated efforts of many different proteins. (vumc.org)
  • Much of a cell's ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which oxidation reactions are coupled to the synthesis of ATP. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • In vivo mitochondrial function [maximal ATP synthesis rate (ATPmax), ATPflux/O 2 (P/O)] was determined by 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy, and body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (medscape.com)
Protein2
  • The SWI/SNF complex was originally described in yeast as the protein complex critical for cellular responses to mating-type switching (SWI) or sucrose fermentation (SNF). (justia.com)
  • It involves transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen through a series of protein complexes called the electron transport chain. (stemcelldaily.com)
Citrate2
  • ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) synthesizes cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), a fundamental cellular building block. (rcsb.org)
  • The structure of a catalytic mutant of ACLY in the presence of ATP, citrate and CoA substrates reveals a phospho-citryl-CoA intermediate in the ASH domain. (rcsb.org)
TRNA synthetases2
  • The 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are divided into two classes, I and II. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In the cell, for different amino acids, there are different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. (cbsetuts.com)
Catalytic2
  • In eucaryotes, bacteria, and some archaea the two catalytic units are encoded by a single gene, producing a two-domain-type GMP, with a GATase domain in the N-terminal half and a ATP-PPase domain in the C-terminal half. (embl.de)
  • Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha3beta3 subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. (joplink.net)
Substrate1
  • On the basis of these conserved mechanisms, the role of the nucleotide C8-H in initiating the formation of a pentavalent phosphorus intermediate from the γ-phosphate of ATP and the substrate nucleophile was defined. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes3
  • It has been demonstrated that the adenyl moiety of ATP plays a direct role in the regulation of ATP binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each step is a complex multistep enzymatic reaction process that involves different substrates, intermediates, products, enzymes, and coenzymes. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Beta-oxidation is a complex mitochondrial pathway that is dependent on the presence of adequate cytosolic carnitine and 2 mitochondrial membrane-bound enzymes: CPT I and CPT II. (medscape.com)
Proteins1
  • Next, the mitochondrial inner membrane contains proteins that are the components of the respiratory chain providing the transfer of electron and protons from NADH to oxygen resulting in the formation of H 2 O. Finally, electron transport chain localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane provides the formation of ATP associated with the activity of the ATP-synthetase complex. (assignmentexpert.com)
Coli2
  • Perona, J.J., Rould, M.A., Steitz, T.A. (1993) Structural basis for tRNA aminoacylation by E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. (uvm.edu)
  • In E. coli cells at the initiation phase three initiation factors namely IF1, IF2, and IF3 promote the formation of the initiation complex. (cbsetuts.com)
NADH3
  • The standard reduction potential of NADH is -0.315V, while that of coenzyme Q is 0.045V (difference of 0.345 V). Therefore there is a strong 'pull' by Coenzyme Q on electrons through the components of Complex I. (rice.edu)
  • Just for the sake of understanding the principles, let Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase complex), embedded in an intact inner membrane, be the only component of an experimental electron transport system. (rice.edu)
  • It involves oxidizing acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and water, and generating ATP, NADH, and FADH2. (stemcelldaily.com)
Crystal Structure3
  • Crystal structure of arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Despite exhaustive chemical and crystal structure studies, the mechanistic details of how F o F 1 -ATP synthase can convert mechanical energy to chemical, 19 dec. 2019 - Avbildning av intracellulära ATP i Organotypic vävnad skivor av musen M. Recent Insights into the Structure, Regulation, and Function of the Hitta stockbilder i HD på atp cell och miljontals andra royaltyfria stockbilder, illustrationer och vektorer Educational diagram with cells Mitochondria structure. (firebaseapp.com)
  • The 2.3-Å crystal structure of Mtb PheRS in complex with PF-3845 revealed its novel binding mode, in which a trifluoromethyl-pyridinylphenyl group occupies the phenylalanine pocket, whereas a piperidine-piperazine urea group binds into the ATP pocket through an interaction network enforced by a sulfate ion. (tbdrugaccelerator.org)
Reaction1
  • The main function of ATP is to store energy within the cell and this energy is given out through hydrolysis reaction. (firebaseapp.com)
Biosynthesis2
  • Two general pathways for siderophore biosynthesis exist: the well-characterized nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-dependent pathway and the NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS) pathway, which relies on a different family of sparsely investigated synthetases. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Here we report structural and biochemical studies of AcsD from Pectobacterium (formerly Erwinia) chrysanthemi, an NIS synthetase involved in achromobactin biosynthesis. (warwick.ac.uk)
Phosphate2
  • Predicted to be part of ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex. (nih.gov)
  • ATP is a nucleoside comprised of a central ribose sugar, a purine adenine base and a chain of three phosphate groups. (firebaseapp.com)
Mutations1
  • Loss-of-function mutations of genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex are found in approximately 20% of all human cancers. (justia.com)
Oxidative phosphorylation1
  • This is integral to the process of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation . (histocutup.co.uk)
Allosteric1
  • Sep 11, 2014 Recent findings uncovered the allosteric function of ATP in cellular signal The tree structure consists of nodes (represented as circles) and Toward Linking Structure With Function in ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels. (firebaseapp.com)
Cell's1
  • Both riboflavin and nicotinamide are key to the ferrying of electrons to the cytochromes for production of ATP, without which the breakdown of fatty acid would be utterly useless to the cell's energy economy. (medscape.com)
Aerobic respiration1
  • In this article, we will explore the details of each step of aerobic respiration, how ATP is generated in this process, and some examples of aerobic respiration in different organisms. (stemcelldaily.com)
Catalysis1
  • The SDM clearly identified the amino acid residues involved in both the catalysis and regulation of phosphoryl transfer in SK and AK1 as mediated by C8H-ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway3
  • The present invention provides a method for treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for therapy in SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers, and a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for use in treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates to a method for treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for therapy in SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers, and a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for use in treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers. (justia.com)
  • Fqo can be hypothesized to be operative during sulfate reduction with CO. The Fqo complex receives electrons from the reduced coenzyme F 420 (F 420 H 2 ), generated from the oxidative acetyl-CoA pathway, and transfers electrons to the membrane-bound respiratory chain by the reduction of menaquinone [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Electron transport6
  • The electron transport system is just a structure, complex as it is. (rice.edu)
  • Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)
  • Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)
  • The mitochondrial respiratory chain (also known as the electron transport chain) is composed of four complexes. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • These are, in turn, transferred to the electron transport chain with the production of ATP. (medscape.com)
  • In the process, another electron transfer occurs, this time to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and more ATP is produced by passage down the electron transport chain. (medscape.com)
Adenylate1
  • Using a combination of ATP deuterated at the C8 position (C8D-ATP) as a molecular probe with site directed mutagenesis (SDM) of conserved amino acid residues in shikimate kinase and adenylate kinase active sites, we have elucidated a mechanism by which the ATP C8-H is induced to be labile in the broader kinase family. (biomedcentral.com)
Magnesium1
  • stream ATP and GTP vary in chemical structure and are av J Lundqvist · 2010 · Citerat av 69 - SwePub titelinformation: ATP-Induced Conformational Dynamics in the AAA plus Motor Unit of Magnesium Chelatase. (firebaseapp.com)
Inhibitor1
  • 4dpe (Ca: 6) - Structure of MMP3 Complexed with A Platinum-Based Inhibitor. (atomistry.com)
Molecules1
  • It is slower compared to the anaerobic type but has a higher yield of ATP molecules. (stemcelldaily.com)
Domain3
  • This domain is found at the amino terminus of Arginyl tRNA synthetase, also called additional domain 1 (Add-1). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This domain is also found in guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) synthetase. (embl.de)
  • This entry represents the ATP pyrophosphatase domain. (embl.de)
Mutant1
  • Our analyses of different mutant strains have shown that at least three different proteases influence the degradation of GlnK, namely FtsH, the ClpCP and the ClpXP protease complex. (uni-konstanz.de)
Residues1
  • We have demonstrated the direct role of the C8-H in the rate of ATP consumption, and the direct role played by conserved Thr residues interacting with the C8-H. The mechanism by which the vast range in K M might be achieved is also suggested by these findings. (biomedcentral.com)
Reductase1
  • The bifunctional CODH ( cdhAB-2 ) is predicted to play an ubiquitous role in the metabolism of CO, and a novel nitrate reductase-associated respiratory complex was induced specifically in the presence of sulfate. (hindawi.com)