Psychosocial effects of disaster: birth rate in Aberfan.
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An increased birth rate occurred in Aberfan during the five years after the disaster there in 1966. It was not confined to the bereaved parents. (+info)
Treating heroin addiction: comparison of methadone therapy, hospital therapy without methadone, and therapeutic community.
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AIM: To analyze the success of three different treatment modalities for heroin addiction: methadone therapy, hospital therapy without methadone, and therapeutic community. METHODS: Ninety heroin addicts from the city of Split, Croatia, were systematically allocated to three groups, with 30 participants each, according to the addiction treatment modality they underwent or treatment that resulted in the longest abstinence. All participants were heroin addicts for at least 2 years before the treatment. The first group was treated by methadone, the second by hospital therapy, and the third in a therapeutic community. The criterion of the treatment success was minimum two-year heroin abstinence after therapy. RESULTS: After methadone therapy, only a single participant abstained from heroin for more than 2 years, but continued to use soft drugs and alcohol. After hospital therapy, none of the participants abstained from heroin. After therapy in a therapeutic community, 9 participants abstained from heroin; 5 of them continued to use soft drugs and/or alcohol. There was a statistically significant relation between heroin abstinence and therapeutic method (chi-square=16.4236, p<0.001; Fisher's exact test=14.246, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Treating heroin addiction in a therapeutic community may be a better treatment modality than methadone or hospital therapy. (+info)
Assertive community treatment across the Atlantic: comparison of model fidelity in the UK and USA.
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BACKGROUND: The significant reductions in hospital admission demonstrated in US assertive community treatment (ACT) studies have not been replicated in the UK. Explanations cite poor UK 'model fidelity' and/or better UK standard care. No international model-fidelity comparisons exist. AIMS: To compare high-fidelity US ACT teams with a UK team. METHOD: The UK 700's ACT team (n=97) was compared with high-fidelity US ACT teams (n=73) by using two measures: a forerunner of the Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment schedule (to assess adherence to ACT principles) and 2-year prospective activity data. RESULTS: The UK and US teams had similar high-fidelity scores. Although significant differences were found in the amount and type of activity, practice differences in areas central to ACT were not great. CONCLUSIONS: The failure of UK ACT studies to demonstrate the outcome differences of early US studies cannot be attributed entirely to the lack of ACT fidelity. (+info)
Are therapeutic communities therapeutic for women?
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This paper addresses the growing phenomena of therapeutic community (TC) treatment approaches for women in correctional settings. Although rapidly increasing in number across the country, there is very little empirical research to support the effectiveness of TC treatment for women. Therefore, the literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of TC treatment for women is reviewed in relation to the literature on women's treatment issues. The literature review highlights the gaps where TC treatment ignores or exacerbates issues that are common to addicted women, or uses methods that may be contradictory to women's recovery. (+info)
Organizational characteristics of drug abuse treatment programs for offenders.
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This article examines the association between the organizational characteristics of drug abuse treatment programs for offenders and the provision of wraparound services and three types of treatment orientations. Data are from the National Criminal Justice Treatment Practices Survey, which was conducted with program directors (N = 217). A greater number of wraparound services provided were associated with inpatient treatment, specialized treatment facilities, community setting (vs. correctional), services provided for more types of client populations, college-educated staff, and planned treatment for > 180 days. Therapeutic community orientation was associated with prison-based treatment and specialized treatment facilities. Cognitive-behavioral therapy orientation was associated with higher perceived importance of community treatment, more perceived staff influence on treatment, and treatment for 91-180 days. The 12-step orientation was most strongly associated with having staff specialized in substance abuse. Study findings have implications for developing effective reentry programs for offenders that bridge correctional and community treatment. (+info)
Behavioral therapies trials: a case example.
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BACKGROUND: Behavior change is integral to the prevention and treatment of many disorders associated with deleterious lifestyles. Rigorous scientific testing of behavior change interventions is an important goal for nursing research. APPROACH: The stage model for behavioral therapy development is recommended as a useful framework for evaluating behavior change strategies. The NIH model specifies three stages from initial testing of novel behavioral therapies to their dissemination in community settings. Definitions of each step in a Stage I trial and a case example of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in therapeutic community treatment are provided. RESULTS: It is feasible to adapt a behavioral therapy such as MBSR using the stage model framework. Steps in the process include: (a) determining pilot study design and describing the population; (b) modifying the intervention and developing the manual; (c) training the teachers; (d) implementing a pilot study; and (e) monitoring treatment integrity. DISCUSSION: The development of behavior therapies requires the same scientific rigor used in pharmacotherapy research. Stage I of the model enables consideration of the "dose" of a behavioral intervention necessary to achieve behavior change in a defined population. The stage model offers an excellent approach to achieving rigor in a variety of potentially useful therapies of interest to nurse researchers. (+info)
How many forensic assertive community treatment teams do we need?
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