Schmidt sting pain index
Wasp venom uniquely contains kinin. One of the kinins found in wasp venom, "polistes kinin 3", is found to lead to similar ... including the neotropical red paper wasp, the red-headed paper wasp, and Klug's velvet ant (a wingless wasp and not a true ant ... The composition of tarantula hawk venom is unknown. Schmidt also later rated the sting of a species of warrior wasp as a 4, ... Habermann, E. (28 July 1972). "Bee and Wasp Venoms". Science. 177 (4046): 314-322. Bibcode:1972Sci...177..314H. doi:10.1126/ ...
Apitoxin
Habermann E (July 1972). "Bee and wasp venoms". Science. 177 (4046): 314-322. Bibcode:1972Sci...177..314H. doi:10.1126/science. ... Apitoxin or bee venom is the venom produced by the honey bee. It is a cytotoxic and hemotoxic bitter colorless liquid ... Bee venom is a complex mixture of proteins and smaller molecules. The main component is melittin, which amounts to 52% of venom ... Apitherapy Bee sting Beekeeping Hive management Honeybee Wasp venoms Czarnetzki BM, Thiele T, Rosenbach T (February 1990). " ...
Pompilidotoxin
... are toxic substances that can only be found in the venom of several solitary wasps. This kind of wasp uses their venom to ... After the venom has entered the body via the wasp sting, it enters the bloodstream, where it will be diluted in the blood and ... Sahara Y, Gotoh M, Konno K, Miwa A, Tsubokawa H, Robinson HP, Kawai N (June 2000). "A new class of neurotoxin from wasp venom ... Because of these individuals, it is known that though spider wasp venom causes paralysis in their arthropod prey, they inflict ...
Honey bee
"Wasp and Bee venom". Drugs.com. 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018. Hudewenz, Anika; Klein, Alexandra-Maria (1 December 2013). " ... Genus of wasps (honey wasps) known to collect and store nectar as honey Pollen wasp - Subfamily of wasps unique among wasps in ... Bee venom products are marketed in many countries, but, as of 2018, there are no approved clinical uses for these products ... The honey bee's venom, known as apitoxin, carries several active components, the most abundant of which is melittin, and the ...
Toxicology of red imported fire ant venom
Sol i 1 shows a close relation with wasp venom phospholipases. Sol i 2 and 4 are unique, odorant-binding proteins of poorly ... Like all fire ant species, venom is secreted by the venom gland and is stored in the poison sac. When in use, it is ejected ... The toxicology of fire ant venom is relatively well studied. The venom plays a central role in the biology of Red imported fire ... Workers deliver 0.66 nl of venom when they sting, which amounts to 3.1% of their supply. Older workers deliver less venom when ...
Mastoparan
... is a peptide toxin from wasp venom. It has the chemical structure Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys- ... Higashijima T, Uzu S, Nakajima T, Ross EM (May 1988). "Mastoparan, a peptide toxin from wasp venom, mimics receptors by ... Trypanocidal activity of mastoparan from Polybia paulista wasp venom by interaction with TcGAPDH. Toxicon. Irazazabal, Luz N.; ... which is found in bee venom. Mainly, the structure and reaction to phosphate was studied in each toxin. Using Circular ...
Chemosensory protein
Venom gland components of the ectoparasitoid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae. J. Venom Res. 2015; 6: 19-37. 28. Celorio-Mancera ... CSPs can be extracted from wasp venom [27]. In moths, nearly all CSPs are expressed in the female pheromone gland [9-14]. ... honeybees and jewel wasps (4-8) [4, 24, 40-41]. A significantly higher number of CSP genes exist in butterfly, moth and beetle ...
Sceliphron caementarium
1963-09-01). "The Venom of the Mud-Dauber Wasps: I. Sceliphron Caementarium: Preliminary Separations and Free Amino Acid ... Rosenbrook Jr., William; O'Connor, Rod (1964-07-01). "The Venom of the Mud-Dauber Wasp: Ii. Sceliphron Caementarium: Protein ... The Wasps. University of Michigan Press. Howard, L.O. 1903. The Insect Book. Doubleday. Kevin M. O'Neill. 2000 - Solitary Wasps ... The black and yellow mud daubers are solitary parasitoid wasps that build nests out of mud. These sphecid wasps collect mud ...
Netelia producta
Quicke, Donald L.J.; Butcher, Buntika A. (2021). "Review of Venoms of Non-Polydnavirus Carrying Ichneumonoid Wasps". Biology. ... Netelia producta is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the subfamily Tryphoninae found in Australia. N. producta is one of about ...
Anoplius
... novel peptide neurotoxins in solitary wasp venoms". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 250 (3): 612-616. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9299. ... Anoplius is a genus of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, called the blue-black spider wasps. The genus includes the ... V.S.L. Pate (1946). "The Generic Names of the Spider Wasps (Psammocharidae olim Pompilidae) and Their Type Species (Hymenoptera ... species studied for its venom Pompilidotoxin Anoplius semirufus (Cresson 1867) Anoplius subcylindricus (Banks 1917) Anoplius ...
Bee sting
Apitoxin Bee venom therapy Characteristics of common wasps and bees Fear of bees (apiphobia) Fear of wasps (spheksophobia) ... "Bee vs Wasp Sting Venom: Truth and Chemical Myths". Chemistry Hall. Ewan, Pamela (1998). "ABC of allergies: Venom allergy". BMJ ... Bumblebee venom appears to be chemically and antigenically related to honeybee venom. Bees with barbed stingers can often sting ... While bee stinger venom is slightly acidic and causes only mild pain in most people, allergic reactions may occur in people ...
Behavior-altering parasite
The emerald cockroach wasp alters behavior through the injection of venom directly into the host's brain, causing hypokinesia. ... Haspel, Gal; Rosenberg, Lior Ann; Libersat, Frederic (2003-09-05). "Direct injection of venom by a predatory wasp into ... Milstein, Mati (2007-12-06). ""Zombie" Roaches Lose Free Will Due to Wasp Venom". National Geographic News. Retrieved 2017-10- ... The wasp stings the cockroach twice: First in the thoracic ganglion, paralyzing its front legs and enabling the wasp to deliver ...
Polybia paulista
Allowing wasps to defend themselves against a vast number of predators. The low molecular weight compounds of wasps venom cause ... Peptidome profiling of venom from the social wasp Polybia paulista. Toxicon, 107, pp.290-303.] [do Couto, L.L., dos Anjos, L.C ... Wasps use venom to cause mnemonic actions in stung victims by inflammatory response to toxins and cause physical discomfort. ... "Brazilian wasp venom kills cancer cells by opening them up". Retrieved 2016-10-03. (Articles with short description, Short ...
Allergen
... peas peanuts soybeans milk seafood sesame soy tree nuts pecans almonds wheat Insect stings bee sting venom wasp sting venom ... "B-cell linear epitopes mapping of antigen-5 allergen from Polybia paulista wasp venom". Journal of Allergy and Clinical ... Lima, P. R. de; Brochetto-Braga, M. R. (2003). "Hymenoptera venom review focusing on Apis mellifera". Journal of Venomous ... Other common causes of serious allergy are wasp, fire ant and bee stings, penicillin, and latex. An extremely serious form of ...
Synoeca
Greta Friar (4 November 2016). "The Venom of This Dangerous Wasp Could Someday Help Treat Anxiety". Nova Next. WGBH Educational ... Synoeca is a genus of eusocial paper wasps found in the tropical forests of the Americas. Commonly known as warrior wasps or ... leading to common vernacular names such as marimbondo-tatu or armadillo wasp. These wasps swarm to form new colonies, a single ... If this does not deter the threat only then do the wasps begin to sting. The genus has a wide range within the Americas, with ...
Neotibicen dealbatus
After locating a cicada, the wasp stings it, injecting paralyzing venom. The wasp then drags the paralyzed victim up a tree or ... Cicada killer wasps frequently attack Megatibicen cicadas. The female wasp's keen eye scans trees and vegetation in search of ... The cicada is buried in a burrow along with the wasp's eggs. The wasp's larvae emerge and feed on the living but paralyzed prey ... Usually, one generation of wasps happens per year. "Species Megatibicen dealbatus (Davis 1915)". cicadamania.com. "Description ...
Cotesia congregata
The wasp also injects venom along with the eggs and virus particles. The venom on its own will have a negligible effect on the ... The teratocytes secrete hormones which work in tandem with the virus and the wasp venom to arrest the development of the host. ... Instead, the genes that code for the virus are contained within the genome of the wasp. The wasp contains special cells called ... the 3rd instar wasp larvae will emerge from the caterpillar and spin cocoons from which the adult wasps fly about 4 to 8 days ...
Antiserum
"Parasitoid wasp venom SERCA regulates Drosophila calcium levels and inhibits cellular immunity". Proceedings of the National ... Diluted snake venom is often used as an antiserum to give passive immunity to snake venom itself. Horses that were infected by ... "Use of immunoturbidimetry to detect venom-antivenom binding using snake venoms". Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological ... Therefore, the serum had to immunize the subject against the venom of every snake species. In order to find the moment when ...
Philanthotoxin
... s are polyamine toxins, a group of toxins isolated from the venom of wasps and spiders which immediately but ... For the isolation and structural identification of PhTX-433 female wasp venom glands were fractionated using reverse-phase HPLC ... Philanthotoxins are components of the venom of the Egyptian solitary wasp Philanthus triangulum, commonly known as the European ... August 2015). "Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Wasp and Bee Venoms and Their ...
Hemipepsis ustulata
Wasp Studies Afield. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1970. Print. Schmidt, Justin O. "Venom and the Good Life in Tarantula Hawks ( ... Their integumentary armor protects the wasp from harm. The venom from H. ustulata's sting is able to paralyze prey for several ... As the enclosed wasp develops, the pupa darkens. A sharp scratching noise can be heard as the young wasp cuts its way out of ... Dashevsky, Daniel; Rodriguez, Juanita (2021). "A short review of the venoms and toxins of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae ...
Protopolybia exigua
The wasp's venom can occasionally lead to death in large vertebrates, including man. In Brazil, P. exigua nests can become ... Foraging wasps crush their caught prey and carry the softened corpses back to the nest. Nectar is the wasp's main resource, ... These neotropical wasps, of the tribe Epiponini, form large colonies with multiple queens per colony. P. exigua are small wasps ... If the size of prey is relatively large, the wasp may hold the crop with its anterior legs. Wasps were reported to share this ...
Polistes dorsalis
When threatened, these wasps can deliver moderately painful stings. Their venom might also be of human interest for their ... Wasps can have two sets of wings: fore and hind wings. This species of wasp tend to have a fore wing length of around 11-17 mm ... The physical stinger is distinguished as the part of the wasp that physically injects venom into offenders. The sting, on the ... For wasps, the queen is 1⁄2 related to worker wasps. Full sisters have even higher relatedness than this, with 3⁄4 shared genes ...
Spider wasp
Sahara Y, Gotoh M, Konno K, Miwa A, Tsubokawa H, Robinson HP, Kawai N (2000). "A new class of neurotoxin from wasp venom slows ... Wasps in the family Pompilidae are commonly called spider wasps, spider-hunting wasps, or pompilid wasps. The family is ... Wasp". 10 April 2014. Spider Wasps Australian Museum Online "Dead-ant wall protects young spider wasps". Science News. 2014-07- ... Instead, the wasps seek out adult males who have left their burrows in search of females to mate with. In the open the wasp ...
Polybioides raphigastra
Padgen, H.T. (1958). "A little known wasp's nest, Polybioides raphigastra". Malayan Nat. J. Sledge, M. F. (1999). "Venom ... ISBN 978-3-642-32680-6. Maschwitz, U. (1971). "Morphology and function of the venom apparatus of insects ± bees, wasps, ants ... Venom sacs contain both saturated and unsaturated linear hydrocarbons of a chain length between 11 and 18 carbon atoms. The ... It is known that this same behavior may be elicited in other social wasp species as well. There are many mimics of P. ...
Hornet
People who are allergic to wasp venom may also be allergic to hornet stings. Allergic reactions are commonly treated with ... Hornet stings are more painful to humans than typical wasp stings because hornet venom contains a large amount (5%) of ... a species which has the most lethal wasp venom per volume) Hornet larvae are widely accepted as food in mountainous regions in ... "In vitro antihistamine-releasing activity of a peptide derived from wasp venom of Vespa orientalis". Asian Pacific Journal of ...
Swarmed
Back at the lab, the venom results show that the lethality is identical to the strength of the wasp that killed the janitor. ... As he sprays the nest, the analysis of the hyper-aggressive wasp's venom completes. Kent learns in shock that pesticide caused ... Q manages to get the wasps inside, and they ignite the gas with Rafe's lighter. However, after fire kills the wasps and ... using tire patching spray to close up the wasps' breathing holes. Q also arrives and begins attracting the wasps to a golf cart ...
Pacifastin
2004). "Towards a comprehensive view of the primary structure of venom proteins from the parasitoid wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca ...
Polistes apachus
"Hymenoptera Sting Anaphylaxis: Detection and Clinical Significance of Individual Bee and Wasp Venoms Specific IgE and IgG4 ... It is a type of paper wasp, which is the common name for a type of wasp that uses a papery material to construct its nests. ... In California the wasps are seen from February through December. These wasps fly slowly with their legs extended and trailing ... Polistes apachus is a social wasp native to western North America. It is known in English by the common name Texas paper wasp, ...
Dogora
The humans later discover what happened and order artificial wasp venom be mass-produced worldwide. As night falls over ... A weakness to venom for the monsters was also added, that would be used in the climax. The concept went through more drafts, ... Soon, the venom successfully kills Dogora and Munakata leaves for the U.N. to discuss the potential of the Dogora incident with ... Dogora continues its attacks, but the military use the artificial venom to quickly eat away at the creature. The gangsters and ...
Polistes gallicus
However, if this release occurs following the act of ejecting venom by the signaling wasps or if it is due to the actual ... In some situations, P. gallicus is known to exhibit aggressive behavior to wasps of a foreign colony. While venom from a basic ... release of the venom during the sting has yet to be determined . Knowing venom chemistry from these species of wasps can lead ... Polistes species are known to use stings and venom as a means of colony defense. However, this venom seems to be costly to ...